ASME B31.4 2016
$98.04
ASME B31.4 – 2016: Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASME | 2016 | 138 |
ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922. ASME B31.4 prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems between production fields or facilities, tank farms, above- or belowground storage facilities, natural gas processing plants, refineries, pump stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail, and truck), and other delivery and receiving points, as well as pipelines transporting liquids within pump stations, tank farms, and terminals associated with liquid pipeline systems. This Code also prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of piping transporting aqueous slurries of nonhazardous materials such as coal, mineral ores, concentrates, and other solid materials, between a slurry processing plant or terminal and a receiving plant or terminal. Piping here consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings, and the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, stanchions, or foundations, or any equipment Also included within the scope of this Code are: (a) primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail, and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure-reducing stations, and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover loops (b) storage and working tanks, including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities (c) liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property that has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants (d) those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property, and the piping systems Key changes to this revision include a revised scope and updates to the stress section in Chapter II. A new paragraph has been added in Chapter III for material requirements in low-temperature applications. In addition, changes have been included throughout to reference minimum wall thickness requirements as permitted by manufacturing specifications. Careful application of these ASME B31 standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for liquid pipeline designers, owners, regulators, inspectors, and manufacturers. Primary industries served include those for carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia, and liquid petroleum products.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | CONTENTS |
| 7 | FOREWORD |
| 10 | ASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER |
| 12 | INTRODUCTION |
| 14 | ASME B31.4-2016 SUMMARY OF CHANGES |
| 18 | Chapter I Scope and Definitions 400 GENERAL STATEMENTS |
| 19 | 400.1 Scope 400.1.1 400.1.2 400.2 Definitions |
| 20 | Figures Fig. 400.1.1-1 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 Excluding Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems |
| 21 | Fig. 400.1.1-2 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems |
| 22 | Fig. 400.1.1-3 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Slurry Pipeline Systems |
| 28 | Chapter II Design 401 LOADS 401.1 Load Classifications 401.1.1 Classification of Loads. 401.1.2 Sustained Loads. 401.1.3 Occasional Loads. 401.1.4 Construction Loads. 401.1.5 Transient Loads. 401.2 Application of Loads 401.2.1 Restrained Versus Unrestrained. 401.2.2 Sustained Loads 401.2.2.1 General. |
| 29 | 401.2.2.2 Internal Design Pressure. 401.2.2.3 External Hydrostatic Pressure. 401.2.2.4 Weight Effects. 401.2.2.5 Residual Loads. 401.2.2.6 Subsidence. 401.2.3 Occasional Loads 401.2.3.1 Earthquakes. 401.2.3.2 Wind Loads. 401.2.3.3 Ice Loads. 401.2.3.4 Road and Rail Traffic. 401.2.3.5 Vibration. 401.2.3.6 Waves and Currents. 401.2.3.7 Temperature Effects. 401.2.4 Construction Loads 401.2.4.1 Installation Loads. 401.2.4.2 Hydrostatic Testing. 401.3 Combining of Loads |
| 30 | 402 CALCULATION OF STRESSES 402.1 General 402.2 Properties 402.2.1 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. 402.2.2 Moduli of Elasticity. 402.2.3 PoissonŒs Ratio, nu. 402.3 Stress From Internal Pressure 402.4 Stress From External Pressure 402.5 Stress From Thermal Expansion 402.5.1 Restrained Pipe. |
| 31 | Tables Table 402.1-1 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i |
| 34 | 402.5.2 Unrestrained Pipe. 402.6 Longitudinal Stress 402.6.1 Restrained Pipe. 402.6.2 Unrestrained Pipe. |
| 35 | 402.7 Combining of Stresses 402.8 Stresses From Road and Rail Traffic Loads 403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES 403.1 General 403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances 403.2.1 Criteria. |
| 36 | 403.2.2 Wall Thickness and Defect Tolerances. 403.2.3 Corrosion. 403.2.4 Threading and Grooving. 403.2.5 Use of High D/t Ratio. 403.3 Criteria to Prevent Yield Failure 403.3.1 Strength Criteria. Table 403.2.1-1 Weld Joint Factors Applicable to Common Pipe Specifications |
| 37 | 403.3.2 Criteria for Allowable Stress Due to Periodic or Cyclic Loading. 403.3.3 Strain Criteria for Pipelines. 403.3.4 Criteria for Transient Overpressure. 403.4 Criteria to Prevent Buckling and Excessive Ovality Table 403.3.1-1 Allowable Values for Pipeline System Stresses |
| 38 | 403.5 Criteria to Prevent Fatigue 403.6 Criteria to Prevent Loss of In-Place Stability 403.6.1 Strength Criteria During Installation and Testing. 403.6.2 Strength Criteria During Operations 403.6.2.1 General. 403.6.2.2 Design Current Conditions. 403.6.2.3 Stability Against Currents. 403.6.2.4 Shore Approaches. 403.6.2.5 Slope Failure and Soil Liquefaction. |
| 39 | 403.6.2.6 Earthquake-Prone Areas. 403.6.2.7 Pipe-Soil Interaction. 403.7 Criteria to Prevent Fracture 403.7.1 General. 403.7.2 Design Considerations. 403.7.3 Brittle Fractures. 403.7.4 Ductile Fractures. 403.8 Criteria for Crossings 403.8.1 General. 403.8.2 Trenched Water Crossings. 403.8.3 Directionally Drilled Crossings. |
| 40 | 403.8.4 Overhead Crossings. 403.8.5 Crossings Attached to Bridges. 403.8.6 Railroad and Highway Crossings. 403.8.7 Crossings of Pipelines and Utilities. 403.9 Criteria for Expansion and Flexibility 403.9.1 Unrestrained Pipelines. 403.9.2 Restrained Buried Pipelines. |
| 41 | 403.9.3 Restrained Aboveground Pipelines. 403.10 Criteria for Used Pipe 403.11 Criteria for Cold Worked Pipe 403.12 Criteria for Shear and Bearing Stresses 403.13 Criteria for Structural Supports and Restraints 404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS 404.1 General Criteria for Piping Components 404.1.1 Steel Butt Welding Fittings. 404.1.2 Components Having Specific Pressure-Temperature Ratings. 404.1.3 Ratings — Components Not Having Specific Pressure-Temperature Ratings. 404.1.4 Pressure Criteria. 404.1.5 Overpressure Criteria. 404.1.6 Ratings — Considerations for Different Pressure Conditions. |
| 42 | 404.1.7 Fittings Exceeding Scope of Standard Sizes. 404.1.8 Special Fittings and Connections. 404.1.9 Thermowells. 404.2 Directional Changes 404.2.1 General. 404.2.2 Field Bends. 404.2.3 Induction Bends. 404.2.4 Mitered Bends. 404.2.5 Factory-Made Bends and Elbows. |
| 43 | 404.2.6 Wrinkle Bends. 404.3 Branch Connections 404.3.1 General. 404.3.2 Tees and Crosses. 404.3.3 Integrally Reinforced Extruded Outlet Headers 404.3.3.1 Definition. 404.3.3.2 Notation. 404.3.3.3 Criteria for Use. |
| 44 | Fig. 404.3.3.1-1 Reinforced Extruded Outlets |
| 45 | 404.3.3.4 Design. 404.3.3.5 Required Area. 404.3.3.6 Reinforcement Area. 404.3.3.7 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings. 404.3.3.8 Marking. 404.3.4 Welded Branch Connections. 404.3.5 Reinforcement of Single Openings |
| 46 | Fig. 404.3.4-1 Welding Details for Openings With Complete Encirclement Types of Reinforcement |
| 47 | Fig. 404.3.4-2 Welding Details for Openings With Localized-Type Reinforcement |
| 48 | Fig. 404.3.4-3 Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than That in Header and Branch Walls |
| 49 | Fig. 404.3.5-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections |
| 50 | 404.3.6 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings 404.4 Flanges 404.4.1 General. 404.4.2 Steel Flanges Within Scope of Standard Sizes. 404.4.3 Cast Iron Flanges Within Scope of Standard Sizes. |
| 51 | 404.4.4 Flanges Exceeding Scope of Standard Sizes. 404.4.5 Flanges of Rectangular Cross Section. 404.4.6 Flange Facings. 404.4.7 Flange Gaskets 404.4.7.1 General. 404.4.7.2 Standard Gaskets. 404.4.7.3 Special Gaskets. 404.4.8 Flange Bolts 404.4.8.1 General. 404.4.8.2 Bolting for Insulating Flanges. 404.4.8.3 Bolting Steel to Cast Iron Flanges. 404.4.8.4 Bolting for Special Flanges. 404.5 Valves 404.5.1 General. 404.5.2 Special Valves. 404.6 Reducers 404.6.1 Manufactured Reducers. |
| 52 | 404.6.2 Fabricated Reducers. 404.6.3 Orange Peel Swages. 404.7 Closures 404.7.1 Quick-Opening Closures. 404.7.2 Closure Fittings. 404.7.3 Closure Heads. 404.7.4 Fabricated Closures. 404.7.5 Bolted Blind Flange Closures. 404.8 Joints 404.8.1 Butt Welds. 404.8.2 Flange Joints. 404.8.3 Threaded Joints. 404.8.4 Sleeve, Coupled, and Other Patented Joints. 404.9 Supports, Braces, Anchors, and Attachments 404.9.1 General. 404.9.2 Supports. |
| 53 | 404.9.3 Braces. 404.9.4 Attachments. 404.10 Other Pressure-Containing Components 404.11 Used Piping Components 404.12 Auxiliary and Relief Piping 404.12.1 Instrument and Other Auxiliary Piping. 404.12.2 Relief Piping. |
| 54 | Chapter III Materials 423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications 423.2 Limitations on Materials 423.2.1 General 423.2.3 Steel. 423.2.4 Cast, Malleable, and Wrought Iron 423.2.5 Materials for Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia Pipeline Systems. |
| 55 | 423.2.6 Materials for Use in Low-Temperature Applications. 425 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS 425.3 Gaskets 425.4 Bolting |
| 56 | Table 423.1-1 Material Standards |
| 58 | Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS 426.1 Standard Piping Components 426.2 Nonstandard Piping Components 426.3 Threads |
| 59 | Table 426.1-1 Dimensional Standards |
| 60 | Chapter V Construction, Welding, and Assembly 434 CONSTRUCTION 434.1 General 434.2 Qualifications 434.2.1 Construction Personnel. 434.2.2 Inspection. 434.3 Right-of-Way 434.3.1 Location. 434.3.2 Construction Requirements. 434.3.3 Survey and Staking or Marking. 434.4 Handling, Hauling, Stringing, and Storing 434.5 Damage to Fabricated Items and Pipe |
| 61 | 434.6 Ditching 434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows 434.7.1 Bends Made From Pipe 434.7.2 Mitered Bends 434.7.3 Factory-Made Bends and Elbows |
| 62 | 434.8 Welding 434.8.1 General 434.8.2 Welding Processes and Filler Metal 434.8.3 Welder and Welding Procedure Qualifications Table 434.6-1 Minimum Cover for Buried Pipelines |
| 63 | 434.8.4 Welding Standards. 434.8.5 Required Inspection and Acceptance Criteria |
| 64 | 434.8.6 Types of Welds, Joint Designs, and Transition Nipples 434.8.7 Removal or Repair of Defects 434.8.8 Preheating and Interpass Temperature 434.8.9 Stress Relieving |
| 65 | Fig. 434.8.6-1 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thicknesses |
| 66 | Fig. 434.8.6-2 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wall Thicknesses |
| 68 | Fig. 434.8.6-3 Recommended Attachment Details of Flanges |
| 69 | 434.9 Tie-In 434.10 Installation of Pipe in the Ditch 434.11 Backfilling 434.12 Restoration of Right-of-Way and Cleanup 434.13 Special Crossings 434.13.1 Water Crossings. 434.13.2 Overhead Structures. |
| 70 | 434.13.3 Bridge Attachments. 434.13.4 Railroad and Highway Crossings 434.13.5 Directionally Drilled Crossings. 434.14 Inland Coastal Water Construction 434.15 Block and Isolating Valves 434.15.1 General 434.15.2 Mainline Valves |
| 71 | 434.15.3 Pump Station, Tank Farm, Slurry Holding Pond, and Terminal Valves 434.16 Connections to Main Lines 434.17 Scraper Traps 434.17.1 434.17.2 434.17.3 434.17.4 434.18 Line Markers 434.19 Corrosion Control 434.20 Pump Station, Tank Farm, and Terminal Construction 434.20.1 General. |
| 72 | 434.20.2 Location. 434.20.3 Building Installation. 434.20.4 Pumping Equipment and Prime Movers. 434.20.5 Pump Station, Tank Farm, and Terminal Piping. 434.20.6 Controls and Protective Equipment. 434.20.7 Fire Protection. 434.21 Storage and Working Tankage 434.21.1 General. 434.21.2 Location 434.21.3 Tanks and Pipe-Type Storage |
| 73 | 434.21.4 Foundations. 434.21.5 Dikes or Firewalls. 434.22 Electrical Installations 434.22.1 General. 434.22.2 Care and Handling of Materials. 434.22.3 Installation. 434.23 Liquid Metering 434.23.1 434.23.2 434.23.3 434.24 Liquid Strainers and Filters 434.24.1 434.24.2 434.24.3 434.24.4 435 ASSEMBLY OF PIPING COMPONENTS 435.1 General 435.2 Bolting Procedure 435.2.1 |
| 74 | 435.2.2 435.2.3 435.3 Pumping Unit Piping 435.3.1 435.3.2 435.3.3 435.3.4 435.3.5 435.4 Manifolds 435.4.1 435.4.2 435.4.3 435.4.4 435.4.5 435.4.6 435.5 Auxiliary Piping 435.5.1 435.5.2 |
| 75 | Chapter VI Inspection and Testing 436 INSPECTION 436.1 General 436.2 Qualification of Inspectors 436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required 436.5.1 Visual |
| 76 | 436.5.2 Supplementary Types of Examination 436.6 Repair of Defects 436.6.1 436.6.2 436.6.3 437 TESTING 437.1 General 437.1.3 Testing of Fabricated Items 437.1.4 Testing After New Construction 437.1.5 Testing of Replacement Components. |
| 77 | 437.4 Test Pressure 437.4.1 Hydrostatic Testing of Internal Pressure Piping 437.4.3 Leak Testing. 437.6 Qualification Tests 437.6.1 Visual Examination. 437.6.2 Bending Properties 437.6.3 Determination of Wall Thickness. 437.6.4 Determination of Weld Joint Factor. 437.6.5 Weldability. |
| 78 | 437.6.6 Determination of Yield Strength. 437.6.7 Minimum Yield Strength Value. 437.7 Records |
| 79 | Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance Procedures 450 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS 450.1 General 450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures |
| 80 | 451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 451.1 Operating Pressure 451.2 Communications 451.3 Line Markers and Signs 451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance 451.5 Patrolling 451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs 451.6.1 General |
| 82 | 451.6.2 Limits and Disposition of Imperfections and Anomalies 451.6.2.1 Limits. 451.6.2.2 Corrosion Fig. 451.6.2.2-1 Type I Interaction Fig. 451.6.2.2-2 Type II Interaction |
| 83 | 451.6.2.3 Gouges, Grooves, and Arc Burns. 451.6.2.4 Dents. 451.6.2.5 Cracks. 451.6.2.6 Anomalies Created by Manufacturing Processes. 451.6.2.7 Blisters. 451.6.2.8 Buckles, Ripples, Wrinkles. |
| 84 | 451.6.2.9 Permanent Repairs. |
| 85 | Table 451.6.2.9-1 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods (Nonindented, Nonwrinkled, and Nonbuckled Pipe) |
| 87 | Table 451.6.2.9-2 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods for Dents, Buckles, Ripples, Wrinkles, Leaking Couplings, and Defective Prior Repairs |
| 88 | 451.6.2.10 Temporary Repairs. 451.6.3 Testing Repairs to Pipelines Operating at a Hoop Stress of More Than 20% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength of the Pipe. 451.8 Valve Maintenance 451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines |
| 89 | 451.10 Inland Waters Platform Risers 451.11 Leak Detection 451.12 Strain Criteria for Existing Pipelines 452 PUMP STATION, TERMINAL, AND STORAGE FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 452.1 General |
| 90 | 452.2 Controls and Protective Equipment 452.3 Storage Facilities 452.4 Storage of Combustible Materials 452.5 Fencing 452.6 Signs 452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition 453 CORROSION CONTROL 454 EMERGENCY PLAN |
| 91 | 455 RECORDS 456 QUALIFYING A PIPING SYSTEM FOR A HIGHER OPERATING PRESSURE |
| 92 | 457 ABANDONING A PIPING SYSTEM |
| 93 | Chapter VIII Corrosion Control 460 GENERAL 461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES 461.1 New Installations 461.1.1 General. 461.1.2 Coating Requirements |
| 94 | 461.1.3 Cathodic Protection Requirements. 461.1.4 Electrical Isolation 461.1.4.1 Foreign Structures. 461.1.4.2 Electric Transmission Lines. 461.1.4.3 Transported Products. 461.1.5 Electrical Connections and Monitoring Points 461.1.6 Electrical Interference 461.1.7 Casings. |
| 95 | 461.2 Existing Buried or Submerged Steel Pipelines 461.2.1 General. 461.2.2 Evaluation 461.2.3 Corrective Measures 461.2.4 Cathodic Protection Criteria 461.2.5 Electrical Interference 461.2.6 Examination When Exposed 461.2.7 Tests and Inspections of Cathodic Protection System |
| 96 | 461.2.8 Casings. 462 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL 462.1 General 462.2 New Installations |
| 97 | 462.3 Existing Installations 463 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPELINES EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE 463.1 General |
| 98 | 464 PIPELINES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS 464.1 General 464.2 External Coating Requirements 464.3 Cathodic Protection Facilities 464.3.1 Criteria. 464.3.2 Impressed Current Facilities 464.3.3 Galvanic Anode Installations. 464.4 Monitoring 464.5 Internal Corrosion Control 465 PIPELINES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE 465.1 General |
| 99 | 465.2 External Coating Requirements 465.3 Cathodic Protection Facilities 465.3.1 Criteria. 465.3.2 Galvanic Anodes. 465.4 Internal Corrosion Control 466 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR THERMALLY INSULATED PIPELINES 466.1 New Installations 466.1.1 General. 466.1.2 External Coating Requirements. 466.1.3 Water Stops. 466.1.4 Cathodic Protection. 466.1.4.1 External Anodes. 466.1.4.2 Internal Anodes. |
| 100 | 466.2 Existing Installations 467 STRESS CORROSION AND OTHER PHENOMENA 468 RECORDS |
| 101 | Chapter IX Offshore Liquid Pipeline Systems A400 GENERAL STATEMENTS A400.1 Scope A400.2 Definitions Applicable to This Chapter Only |
| 102 | A401 DESIGN CONDITIONS A401.1 General A401.1.1 Offshore Design Conditions. A401.9 Installation Design Considerations A401.9.1 Loads for Installation Design. A401.9.2 Installation Loads. A401.9.3 Environmental Loads During Installation. |
| 103 | A401.9.4 Bottom Soils. A401.10 Operational Design Considerations A401.10.1 Loads for Operational Design. A401.10.2 Operational Loads. A401.10.3 Environmental Loads During Operation. A401.10.4 Bottom Soils. A401.11 Hydrostatic Test Design Considerations A401.11.1 Loads for Hydrostatic Test Design. A401.11.2 Hydrostatic Test Loads. |
| 104 | A401.11.3 Environmental Loads During Hydrostatic Test. A401.11.4 Bottom Soils. A401.12 Route Selection Considerations A402 CALCULATION OF STRESSES A402.3 Stresses From Internal Pressure A402.3.4 Strength Criteria During Installation and Testing |
| 105 | A402.3.5 Strength Criteria During Operations Table A402.3.5-1 Design Factors for Offshore Pipeline Systems |
| 107 | A402.3.7 Design of Clamps and Supports. A402.3.8 Design of Connectors and Flanges. A402.3.9 Design of Structural Pipeline Riser Protectors. |
| 108 | A402.3.10 Design and Protection of Special Assemblies. A402.3.11 Design of Flexible Pipe. A402.3.12 Design of Pipeline Crossings. A402.4 Allowances A402.4.3 Weld Joint Factors. A403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES A403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances A403.2.1 Criteria A403.9 Criteria for Expansion and Flexibility A404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS A404.2 Directional Changes A404.2.4 Mitered Bends. A404.3 Branch Connections A404.3.5 Reinforcement of Single Openings |
| 109 | A404.3.6 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings A404.4 Flanges A404.4.1 General. A404.4.6 Flange Facings. A404.5 Valves A404.5.1 General. A404.6 Reducers A404.6.3 Orange Peel Swages. A404.7 Closures A404.7.4 Fabricated Closures. A404.8 Joints A404.8.3 Threaded Joints. A405 PIPE A405.1 Steel Pipe A405.2 Flexible Pipe A406 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS A406.1 Pigs and Internal Inspection Tools A406.2 Special Components |
| 110 | A421 DESIGN OF PIPE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS A423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications A423.2 Limitations on Materials A434 CONSTRUCTION A434.2 Inspection A434.3 Right-of-Way A434.3.3 Survey and Staking or Marking. A434.6 Ditching A434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows A434.7.1 Bends Made From Pipe A434.8 Welding A434.8.3 Welding Qualifications. A434.8.5 Welding Quality |
| 111 | A434.8.9 Stress Relieving A434.11 Backfilling A434.13 Special Crossings A434.13.1 Water Crossings. A434.14 Offshore Pipeline Construction A434.14.1 Pipe Depth and Alignment. A434.14.2 Installation Procedures and Equipment Selection. A434.14.3 Movement of Existing Pipelines. A434.15 Block and Isolating Valves A434.15.1 General A434.18 Line Markers A436 INSPECTION A436.2 Qualification of Inspectors A436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required A436.5.1 Visual |
| 112 | A437 TESTING A437.1 General A437.1.4 Testing After New Construction A437.4 Test Pressure A437.4.3 Leak Testing. A437.6 Qualification Tests A437.7 Records A450 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS A450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures A451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE A451.1 Operating Pressure A451.3 Markers A451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance A451.5 Patrolling A451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessment and Repairs |
| 113 | A451.6.1 General. A451.6.2 Disposition of Defects A451.6.4 Repair of Flexible Pipe A451.8 Valve Maintenance A451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines A451.10 Offshore Pipeline Risers A452 PUMP STATION, TERMINAL, AND STORAGE FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE A452.5 Fencing A452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition |
| 114 | A454 EMERGENCY PLAN A460 GENERAL A461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR OFFSHORE SUBMERGED PIPELINES A461.1 New Installations A461.1.1 General A461.1.2 Protective Coating A461.1.3 Cathodic Protection System A461.1.4 Electrical Isolation A461.1.5 Test Leads A461.1.6 Electrical Interference A461.3 Monitoring A463 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPELINES EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE A463.1 New Offshore Installations |
| 116 | Chapter X Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems B400 GENERAL STATEMENTS B400.1 Scope B400.2 Definitions Applicable to This Chapter Only B423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS B423.2 Limitations on Materials B423.2.6 Materials for Carbon Dioxide Piping Systems. B434 CONSTRUCTION B434.15 Block and Isolating Valves B434.15.2 Mainline Valves. B434.18 Line Markers B437 TESTING B437.4 Test Pressure B437.4.1 Hydrostatic Testing of Internal Pressure Piping B437.7 Records B451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE B451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs B451.6.1 General |
| 117 | B454 EMERGENCY PLAN |
| 118 | Chapter XI Slurry Pipeline Systems C400 GENERAL STATEMENTS C400.1 Scope C400.2 Definitions Applicable to This Chapter Only C401 LOADS C401.2 Application of Loads C401.2.3 Occasional Loads C401.2.3.7 Temperature Effects. C403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES C403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances C403.3 Criteria to Prevent Yield Failure C403.3.1 Strength Criteria. |
| 119 | C403.15 Other Slurry Design Considerations C404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS C404.2 Directional Changes C404.2.4 Mitered Bends. C404.3 Branch Connections C404.3.1 General. C404.4 Flanges C404.4.1 General. C404.5 Valves C404.5.1 General. C404.5.2 Special Valves. C404.6 Reducers C404.6.3 Orange Peel Swages. C423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS C423.2 Limitations on Materials C423.2.1 General C423.2.4 Cast, Ductile, Malleable, and Wrought Iron C426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS C426.1 Standard Piping Components C434 CONSTRUCTION C434.21 Storage and Working Tankage C434.21.3 Tanks and Pipe-Type Storage C434.21.6 Slurry Holding Ponds |
| 120 | Table C423.1-1 Material Standards Table C423.1-2 Material Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From Table 423.1-1 Table C426.1-2 Dimensional Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From Table 426.1-1 |
| 121 | C434.23 Slurry Metering C434.23.1 C437 TESTING C437.4 Test Pressure C437.4.1 Hydrostatic Testing of Internal Pressure Piping C451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE C451.5 Patrolling C454 EMERGENCY PLAN C457 ABANDONING A PIPING SYSTEM C460 GENERAL C461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES C461.2 Existing Buried Steel Pipelines C468 RECORDS |
| 122 | MANDATORY APPENDIX I REFERENCED STANDARDS |
| 125 | NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE B31 PRESSURE PIPING COMMITTEE A-1 INTRODUCTION A-2 INQUIRY FORMAT A-3 CODE REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS A-4 CODE CASES |
| 126 | A-5 CODE INTERPRETATIONS A-6 SUBMITTAL AND RESPONSE |
| 127 | NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B PUBLICATIONS THAT DO NOT APPEAR IN THE CODE OR MANDATORY APPENDIX I BUT MAY BE OF INFORMATIONAL BENEFIT |
| 128 | INDEX |
| 137 | How can you reach us? ItŒs easier than ever! |
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