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BSI PAS 9980:2022

BSI PAS 9980:2022

$39.00

Fire risk appraisal of external wall construction and cladding of existing blocks of flats. Code of practice

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 193
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 Contents
7 Foreword
10 0 Introduction
14 1 Scope
16 2 Normative references
17 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
21 4 General issues for consideration before undertaking
an FRAEW
23 5 Principles of external fire spread
25 6 Legislative context
27 7 Principles and scope of the fire risk appraisal of external walls (FRAEW)
30 Figure 1 – Key considerations in arriving at a risk rating for external walls
33 Figure 2 – Risk outcomes in relation to expectations of the rate of fire spread over the external walls
36 8 Competence of external wall assessors
39 9 Information required for completion of the FRAEW
41 10 The FRAEW site survey and inspection
44 11 Fire performance of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
46 12 Considerations for fully and partially clad buildings
48 13 Methodology for basic assessment of the suitability of existing external wall construction
49 Figure 3 – Five step approach to the basic level of assessment
51 Figure 4 – Process for determining whether a full FRAEW is required
54 Figure 5 – Possible outcome of risk factor weighting
Figure 6 – Starting point for applying the risk factors
55 Figure 7 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of fire performance
56 Figure 8 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of façade configuration
57 Figure 9 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of fire strategy/fire hazards
60 14 Application of fire engineering analysis as part of further technical assessment
61 15 Scope and format of the FRAEW report
65 Annex A (informative)
Small, intermediate and large‑scale fire tests for external wall construction
66 Figure A.1 – BS 476-7 test apparatus with specimen holder in position for test and containing a blank specimen
67 Figure A.2 – Plot of radiation over distance from the BS 476‑7 radiant panel with positions of classes along the sample indicated (final positions at the end of the test)
Table A.1 – Classification of spread of flame
69 Figure A.3 – BS 476‑6 test apparatus with specimen on bench in front of apparatus containing a blank specimen
71 Figure A.4 – BS EN ISO 11925‑2 test apparatus with blank specimen in position for test
72 Figure A.5 – BS EN 13823 test apparatus with blank specimen in position for test
73 Figure A.6 – BS EN ISO 1182 test apparatus
75 Table A.2 – Requirements for classes of materials and products (excluding floorings and pipe insulation) under BS EN 13501‑1
76 Table A.3 – Smoke production classification – For products classified A2 to D
Table A.4 – Flaming droplets/particles classification – For products classified A2 to D
77 Figure A.7 – Location of thermocouples for a cladding test
78 Figure A.8 – Illustration of thermocouple locations in the layers of the test system
79 Figure A.9 – BS 8414-1 rig with a timber crib installed in the combustion chamber but no test specimen installed onto the rig
80 Figure A.10 – BS 8414-1 rig with a timber crib fully alight but no specimen installed, indicating severity of test when there is no contribution from a test specimen
82 Figure A.11 – Time temperature curve defined in ISO 834
83 Annex B (informative)
Mechanisms of fire spread and the implications
for the risk posed by external wall fires
84 Figure B.1 – Typical scenario in which external fire spread is restricted, with some, but limited, scope for secondary fires on floors above
85 Figure B.2 – Potential scenario resulting in rapid external fire spread and significant risk of multiple secondary fires
86 Figure B.3 – Fire at Garnock Court, Irvine
87 Figure B.4 – Fire at Shepherd’s Court, London
88 Figure B.5 – Fire at Samuel Garside House, Barking
Figure B.6 – Fire at the Cube, Bolton
89 Table B.1 – Notable fires involving external wall construction and cladding
90 Figure B.7 – Fire in high‑rise block resulting in limited external spread
91 Annex C (informative)
Legislative context
94 Annex D (informative)
Requirement B4(1) (of Part B of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations 2010) and associated recommendations of Approved Document B
97 Annex E (informative)
Fire and rescue service intervention
99 Annex F (informative)
Risk factors arising from fire strategy/fire hazards (including fire and rescue service intervention)
100 Table F.1 – Risk factors arising from fire strategy/fire hazards (including limitations of fire and rescue service intervention)
107 Annex G (informative)
Considerations in an in‑depth technical assessment using fire engineering analysis
108 Table G.1 – Typical indicators of level of encapsulation
110 Table G.2 – Relevance of reaction to fire classes in the absence of a cavity
111 Table G.3 – Relevance of heat of combustion by mass in the absence of a cavity
Table G.4 – Relevance of heat of combustion by area in the absence of a cavity
112 Table G.5 – Compartmentation continuation assessment
116 Table G.6 – Typical examples of critical success factors
117 Table G.7 – Subdivision risk evaluation
118 Table G.8 – Consequence mitigation measures
121 Annex H (informative)
Expected skillsets of a competent external wall assessor
Table H.1 – Expected skillsets of an external wall assessor
123 Annex I (informative)
Aspects of information gathering
125 Annex J (informative)
Site survey and inspection considerations
127 Annex K (informative)
Fire performance risk factors
Table K.1 – Fire performance risk factors
134 Annex L (informative)
Generic fire properties of external wall materials, systems and configurations
135 Table L.1 – Fire properties of common elements – Structural elements
136 Table L.2 – Fire properties of common elements – Plasterboard and sheathing boards
Table L.2 – Fire properties of common elements – Plasterboard and sheathing boards
137 Table L.3 – Fire properties of common elements – Insulation
Table L.3 – Fire properties of common elements – Insulation
138 Table L.4 – Fire properties of common elements – Cavities
Table L.4 – Fire properties of common elements – Cavities
140 Table L.5 – Fire properties of common elements – Glazing
Table L.5 – Fire properties of common elements – Glazing
141 Table L.6 – Fire properties of common elements – Other generic components
Table L.6 – Fire properties of common elements – Other generic components
144 Table L.7 – Fire properties of common system types – Masonry/concrete systems
Table L.7 – Fire properties of common system types – Masonry/concrete systems
145 Table L.8 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen systems
Table L.9 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen facing materialsA)
Table L.8 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen systems
Table L.9 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen facing materialsA)
148 Table L.10 – Further considerations for specific system types
Table L.10 – Further considerations for specific system types
150 Annex M (informative)
Fire performance considerations of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
Annex M (informative)
Fire performance considerations of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
153 Annex N (informative)
Façade configuration risk factors
Annex N (informative)
Façade configuration risk factors
154 Table N.1 – Façade configuration risk factors
Table N.1 – Façade configuration risk factors
162 Annex O (informative)
Case studies with working examples illustrating the use of the methodology
Annex O (informative)
Case studies with working examples illustrating the use of the methodology
175 Annex P (informative)
Some history of standards, codes of practice and guidance relevant to external wall construction
Annex P (informative)
Some history of standards, codes of practice and guidance relevant to external wall construction
176 Table P.1 – Model Byelaws 1953
Table P.1 – Model Byelaws 1953
177 Table P.2 – Building Regulations 1965
Table P.2 – Building Regulations 1965
178 Table P.3 – Building Regulations 1972
Table P.3 – Building Regulations 1972
179 Table P.4 – Building Regulations 1976
Table P.4 – Building Regulations 1976
180 Table P.5 – Building Regulations 1985 and Approved Document B 1985
Table P.5 – Building Regulations 1985 and Approved Document B 1985
181 Table P.6 – Building Regulations 1991 and Approved Document B 1992
Table P.6 – Building Regulations 1991 and Approved Document B 1992
182 Table P.7 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2000 (consolidated with 2000 and 2002 amendments)
Table P.7 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2000 (consolidated with 2000 and 2002 amendments)
185 Table P.8 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2006
Table P.8 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2006
187 Table P.9 – Building Regulations 2010 and Approved Document B 2019
Table P.9 – Building Regulations 2010 and Approved Document B 2019
188 Bibliography
Bibliography

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