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BSI PD IEC TS 61400-31:2023

BSI PD IEC TS 61400-31:2023

$198.66

Wind energy generation systems – Siting risk assessment

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 60
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 1 Scope
10 2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
14 3.2 Symbols used in this document
15 3.3 Abbreviated terms
4 Risk assessment process
4.1 Overview
Figures
Figure 1 – Flow chart of the risk assessment process(Modified from ISO/IEC Guide 51 [3])
16 4.2 Documentation requirements in the risk assessment process
4.3 Involvement of stakeholders
Figure 2 – The risk assessment process
17 5 Risk management throughout service life
5.1 Overview
5.2 Reviewing, documenting and reporting of the risk management process
18 6 Harm to people
6.1 Overview
6.2 Direct harm
6.3 Indirect harm
19 6.4 Domino effect
6.5 Consequences of impacts of objects
7 Risk assessment approaches and associated acceptance criteria
7.1 Risk assessment approaches
21 7.2 Risk acceptance criteria
Figure 3 – Flow chart of the selection of risk assessmentmethods with different levels of fidelity
22 7.3 Risk regions
Figure 4 – Risk regions
23 7.4 Types of risk criteria
7.5 Prescriptive risk acceptance criteria
Tables
Table 1 – Examples of risk acceptance criteria for different risk assessment approaches
24 7.6 Qualitative risk acceptance criteria
7.7 Semi-quantitative risk acceptance criteria
25 7.8 Quantitative risk acceptance criteria
7.8.1 General
Figure 5 – Example tables for a semi-quantitative risk assessment
26 7.8.2 Quantitative risk criteria for individuals
28 7.8.3 Quantitative societal risk criteria
Table 2 – Policy factor according to [11]
29 Figure 6 – Combination of hazards and impacted persons.
30 Figure 7 – Example of an f-N plot
31 Figure 8 – Example of societal risk criteria
32 8 Hazard identification
8.1 General
8.2 General principles of hazard identification
8.3 Wind turbine failure modes
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Tower collapse
8.3.3 Shedding of hub or nacelle
33 8.3.4 Rotor blade failure
8.4 Ice fall and ice throw
34 8.5 Fire
8.6 Occupancy
35 8.7 Project relevant hazards
9 Estimation of the risk
9.1 General
9.2 Wind turbine failures – tower collapse, shedding of hub or nacelle and rotor blade failure
9.2.1 General
36 9.2.2 Input information
9.2.3 Additional assumptions/models
37 9.2.4 Tower collapse
9.2.5 Shedding of hub or nacelle
9.2.6 Blade breakage
38 9.2.7 Summation of impact probabilities and risks
9.3 Ice fall and ice throw
9.3.1 Input information
39 9.3.2 Additional assumptions/models
9.3.3 Calculation of trajectories of ice pieces
40 9.4 Wind turbine fire
9.5 Calculation of the risk
9.5.1 General
41 9.5.2 Effective cross-section for people and cars
9.6 Analysis of domino effects
Table 3 – Examples for hazardous installations that could be affected by domino effects triggered by wind turbine failures
42 10 Risk evaluation
11 Risk treatment
11.1 General
11.2 Selection of risk reduction measures
11.3 Examples of risk reduction measures
43 11.4 Ice detection systems and rotor blade heating systems
44 12 Uncertainties in risk assessments
46 Annex A (informative)Summary of failure frequencies published by the Dutch RIVM
Table A.1 – Failure frequencies from [13] in units of failures per turbine and year.
47 Annex B (informative)Overview of used risk criteria in different countries
Table B.1 – Overview of used risk criteria in different countries
51 Annex C (informative)Introduction to trajectory models for blades and blade fragments
52 Figure C.1 – Blade-fixed and inertial reference frames.
56 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TS 61400-31:2023
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