ESDU 91043:2011
$191.10
Mean Wind Speeds Over Hills and Other Topography
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ESDU | 2011-03 | 58 |
ESDU 91043 presents methods for estimating speed-up factors for
mean wind speeds over hills, embankments, escarpments and valleys.
The methods treat all regions of a hill, including shelter regions
near the foot and account for the local profile. Three-dimensional
effects and wind inclination to the ridge line can be taken into
account. Interference effects from other nearby topography can be
assessed, and guidance is provided for the effects of flow
separation on steep topography. Two methods are given: a simple
graphical approach that is accurate for simple embankments but is
less accurate for rounded hills because it only accounts for the
overall shape, and a more precise method that accounts for the
detailed shape of the hill. Irregularly-shaped hills with bulges
and depressions, and multiple hills, are treated by the method of
superposition, that is, each irregularity is treated as a separate
isolated hill or valley and the contribution to speed-up added to
the other contributions for an overall solution. The methods were
derived from data obtained using solutions of the Navier-Stokes
equations, calibrated against both full-scale and wind-tunnel
measurements. The methods given here are incorporated in computer
program ESDUpac E0108, see ESDU 01008.
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