A common basis of understanding results from defined metrics that can be useful to the stakeholders, populated by data collected in the operation of the PVPS:<\/p>\n
To provide a standarized approach to characterize availablity and unavailablity for a PVPS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
To provide standard methodologies for determining the appropriate forms of availability of the PVPS during varying time periods, including real-time capability assessment or longer, for reporting availablity metrics to stakeholders.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Table 1 \u2013 Stakeholder roles and objectives for reliability and maintenance data<\/b><\/p>\n
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA)<\/p>\n
This document provides a framework from which the availability metrics of a PVPS can be derived and reported. It describes how data are categorized and defines generic information categories to which time can be assigned for a PVPS considering internal and external conditions based on fraction of time, system health, and condition by specifying the following:<\/p>\n
generic information categories of a PVPS considering availability and production.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
information category priority to discriminate between concurrent categories.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
entry and exit point for each information category to allocate designation of time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The PVPS comprises all photovoltaic (PV) modules, inverters, DC and AC collection systems, grid interconnection equipment, the site, its infrastructure, and all functional service elements. This is further explained in 6.3 and 6.4.<\/p>\n
Formulas in this document provide normative guidance for standardization. Beyond that, it is not the intention of this document to specify exactly how other undefined, time-based availability metrics shall be calculated. The annexes are examples and guiding principles for developing methods for calculation and estimation of availability metrics, subject to the knowledge and concurrence for use by the involved stakeholders. Estimates and calculations also have recommendations on how they are to be used as part of the informative function.<\/p>\n
It is not within the scope of this document to determine the method of information acquisition. Relevant IEC documents on data collection and information acquisition are included in the following normative references. IEC 61724-1 has requirements and IEC TS 61724-3:2016, 6.2.5, specifically identifies measured data on this topic.<\/p>\n
Data generated during the operation of a PVPS are valuable, establishing who owns the monitoring data and who will have access to the data and for what purpose should be established. Different stakeholders will have different needs, as summarized in Table 1 (IEA). In Annex E, the monitoring systems are addressed in greater detail.<\/p>\n
Availability metrics cannot be derived without important outage information. Questions can require the PVPS operation to properly collect the requisite data, such as what equipment or portion of the plant is failing, how long, how often, and how much energy is being lost and categorized by the information model. Asset management questions include the source of the outage (i.e., Whose clock is it on? Was the outage due to internal or external forces? What power and energy was generated? And, what was expected?).<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Data stakeholders for a PVPS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 1 Scope Tables Table 1 \u2013 Stakeholder roles and objectives for reliability and maintenance data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4 Overview 4.1 Understanding the use of this document <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4.2 The information model Figure 2 \u2013 PVPS component-to-revenue path <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Figure 3 \u2013 Process for understanding the use of this document <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5 Information categories 5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2013 Information category overview for a PVPS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5.2 Information available (PVPS) 5.3 Operative <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.4 In service 5.5 Full capability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 5.6 Partial capability 5.7 Service set points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 5.8 Out of service <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 5.9 Out of environmental specification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 5.10 Requested shutdown 5.11 Out of electrical specification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 5.12 Nonoperative 5.13 Scheduled maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 5.14 Planned corrective action 5.15 Forced outage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 5.16 Suspended 5.17 Force majeure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 5.18 Information unavailable (PVPS) 6 Information model for PVPS 6.1 Time-based capability information model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 6.2 Time-based total PVPS capacity availability 6.3 Application of the information model to different plant levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 6.4 Asset management functions of the PVPS Figure 4 \u2013 PVPS plant levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 6.5 Limitations 6.6 Information category priority <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Table 3 \u2013 Information category priority for PVPS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (informative) Information category-based availability indicators A.1 General A.2 Operational availability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | A.3 Technical availability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | A.4 Use of the tool Table A.1 \u2013 Allocation to information categories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Energy-based tracking B.1 General B.2 Specific resource and modelling-based performance (using IEC TS 61724) B.3 Energy-weighted availability approach <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | B.4 Fractional power estimation techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Figure B.1 \u2013 RBD of a PVPS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | B.5 Addressing lost production in the information model Table B.1 \u2013 Information categories and additional layers of measured, expected, and lost production <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Reliability, availability, maintainability (RAM) definitions\/formulas, availability\/stakeholder types, data, and optional categories C.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | C.2 RAM definitions and metrics applicable to forced and maintenance outages C.3 Stakeholders and types of availability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | C.4 Data Table C.1 \u2013 Reliability metrics description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | C.5 Forced outage \u2013 optional categories Figure C.1 \u2013 Typical flow time for failure\/correction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Verification scenarios D.1 Grid outage Table D.1 \u2013 Verification scenarios \u2013 grid event <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | D.2 Entry and exit points Table D.2 \u2013 Verification scenarios \u2013 grid\/electrical network aspects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | Figure D.1 \u2013 RBD of PVPS with multiple outages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | D.3 Inverter outages Table D.3 \u2013 Verification scenarios \u2013 inverter outage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | D.4 Inverter overtemperature outage Table D.4 \u2013 Inverter overtemperature outage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | D.5 Tracking system outage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | D.6 Information category priority Table D.5 \u2013 Tracking system outage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | D.7 Verification scenario \u2013 Energy: measured, expected, and lost Table D.6 \u2013 Information category priority <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Table D.7 \u2013 Combined performance and availability Table D.8 \u2013 Key metrics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Table D.9 \u2013 Measured, expected, and lost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | D.8 Spinning reserve equivalent Table D.10 \u2013 Spinning reserve <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | D.9 Multiple aggregated systems D.10 Service set points operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | D.11 Information unavailable data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | D.12 Redundancy capable PVPS with reliability block diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | Figure D.2 \u2013 Redundancy capable PVPS RDB Table D.11 \u2013 Redundancy capable PVPS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | D.13 Levels of monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative)Information management practices E.1 General E.2 Masking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | E.3 Condition monitoring of components\/subcomponents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | E.4 Monitoring Table E.1 \u2013 Monitoring system classification and suggested applications (IEC 61724-1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | E.5 Data with analysis is a powerful tool for understanding PV system performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 73<\/td>\n | E.6 Recognizing that costs influence decisions throughout the life cycle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Photovoltaic power systems (PVPS). Information model for availability<\/b><\/p>\n |