Following to [1, 2, 3] having proceeded with the collection of related information, with this Technical Report, further extended information is provided including:<\/p>\n
the given EMC problems in the frequency range 2 kHz – 150 kHz, concerning EMC between electrical equipment in general as well as EMC between non-mains communicating equipment \/ systems (NCE) and mains communicating systems (MCS) as a particular issue<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the given situation of related emissions in the grid, with other measurement results<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
EMI cases and related investigation results<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
new findings on parameters to be considered when dealing with EMC in this frequency range, in particular related to<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the impact of the network impedance and its variation over time on the more or less disturbing effect of emissions in this frequency range<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the behaviour of emissions in this frequency range over time and the increasing need for performing also time domain measurements for comprehensively evaluating emissions and their disturbance potential<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the actual standardisation situation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
needs for the future, concerning<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
measurement of related emissions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
investigation on the impedance of the grid \/ in installations over time<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
closing gaps in standardisation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
installation guidelines and possibly regulatory measures related to the ageing effect.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
In light of different positions on and in evaluating related EMC problems, with additional measurement results concerning emission levels in the supply network and results from investigations of additional proven EMI cases, the given problems are highlighted in more detail and recommendations for what to do in the future are provided.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 General 3 Specific situation in the frequency range 2 kHz \u2013 150 kHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 4 Dimension of the EMC problem & Environment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 5 Situation of emission levels and EMI <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 6 Specific EMC issues 6.1 General 6.2 MCS robustness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 6.3 The impedance behaviour 6.3.1 General 6.3.2 Variable impedance characteristic and its possible effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 6.3.3 Impedance values, measurement and calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 6.3.4 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 6.4 Long-term effects of EMI 6.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 6.4.2 Thermal impact on electronic components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 6.4.3 Increase of emissions due to ageing 6.4.4 Summary 7 Measurement issues 7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | 7.2 Status of standardisation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 7.3 Characteristics of measurement quantities and requirements 7.3.1 Classification of higher frequency phenomena <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Types of application 7.3.3 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | 7.4 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 8 Emissions – Measurement and test results 8.1 General 8.2 Measurement and test results 8.2.1 Large photovoltaic inverter installations 8.2.1.1 Solar campus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | 8.2.1.2 LV grid with multiple PV inverters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | 8.2.2 Small PV inverter installations 8.2.2.1 Measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | 8.2.2.2 Emission survey <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Lamps with electronic ballast 8.2.3.1 General 8.2.3.2 Measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | 8.2.3.3 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 8.2.4 Electric vehicle charging 8.2.4.1 General 8.2.4.2 Measurements in Germany <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 8.2.4.3 Measurements in France <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | 8.2.4.4 Measurements in Switzerland <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | 8.2.4.5 Measurements in Austria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | 8.2.5 Frequency-controlled heat pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | 8.2.6 Cola spender <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | 8.2.7 DVD player <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | 8.2.8 TV box <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | 8.2.9 Beer cooler 8.2.10 Travelling circuses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | 8.2.11 Power supply to fibre switches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | 8.2.12 Power supply to a network router 8.2.13 Plugin charger <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | 8.2.14 Single-phase PSU pretending a 3-phase problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 72<\/td>\n | 8.2.15 Power supply to a PLC modem 8.2.16 Microwave oven <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 73<\/td>\n | 8.2.17 Desktop power supply with aPFC 8.3 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | 9 EMI cases – Measurement and test results 9.1 Introduction 9.2 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 75<\/td>\n | 9.3 EMI due to conducted emissions 9.3.1 EMI to NCE 9.3.1.1 Residual current devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 76<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.2 CNC mill disturbing household and commercial equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 77<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.3 Ceiling lighting disturbing studio equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 78<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.4 CNC machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.5 Power supply to a TV box 9.3.1.6 LED Construction light <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 81<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.7 EMI with solid state electricity meter (accuracy) due to PV inverter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.8 Chirping noise in an office building 9.3.2 EMI with MCS 9.3.2.1 Power supply to a TV amplifier <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.2 TV amplifier 9.3.2.3 Elevator drive 9.3.2.4 PC screen <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 86<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.5 Punch-in clock <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.6 Homeplug modem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.7 Voltage converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 89<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.8 Voltage converter II <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 90<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.9 Voltage converter to a broadband switch <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 92<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.10 Central TV amplifier 9.3.2.11 Voltage converter to a fibre switch <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.12 Frequency-controlled ventilation in a school <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 94<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.13 Frequency-controlled ventilation in an apartment building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 95<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.14 Rectifier inside a mobile site <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 96<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.15 Undercounter bottle chillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 97<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.16 EMI cases in Spain <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 99<\/td>\n | 9.3.2.17 EMI cases in Finland 9.3.2.18 Heat pumps 9.3.2.19 Frequency control to a pellet boiler <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | 9.4 EMI due to radiated field strength from conducted NIE \/ signals 9.4.1 General 9.4.2 Radiated EMI to telecom equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 102<\/td>\n | 9.4.3 Radiated EMI in higher frequency ranges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 104<\/td>\n | 9.4.4 Descriptions of EMI cases 9.4.4.1 Conductive and radiated EMI from an EV battery charger <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 106<\/td>\n | 9.4.4.2 Radiated EMI from an electric fence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 108<\/td>\n | 9.5 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 111<\/td>\n | 10 Standardisation, Legislation & Regulation 10.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 113<\/td>\n | 10.2 Present legislative & regulation situation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 116<\/td>\n | 10.3 Present standardisation situation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 118<\/td>\n | 10.4 Summary – Needs for the future <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 120<\/td>\n | 11 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 122<\/td>\n | 12 Recommendations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 124<\/td>\n | Annex A MCS robustnessA set of basic principles for field proven effective PLC systems operating in the CENELEC A-Band <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 125<\/td>\n | Annex B Measurement issues: Frequency-domain vs. Time-domain analysis B.1 Frequency-domain methods B.1.1 General B.1.2 Frequency analyser based on DFT principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 132<\/td>\n | B.1.3 Analyser based on heterodyne principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 139<\/td>\n | B.2 Time-domain analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 143<\/td>\n | Annex C Comparison of measurement methods for the frequency range 2 kHz \u2013 150 kHz C.1 General C.2 Measurement Methods under Test C.3 Signals for comparison purposes C.3.1 Synthetic waveform <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 144<\/td>\n | C.3.2 Battery Electric Vehicle Charger C.3.3 Photovoltaic inverter and PLC-signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 145<\/td>\n | C.4 Measurement setup C.5 Summary of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 149<\/td>\n | Annex D Acronyms and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Investigation Results on Electromagnetic Interference in the Frequency Range below 150 kHz<\/b><\/p>\n |