ACI 437.1R 07:2007 Edition
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437.1R-07 Load Tests of Concrete Structures: Methods, Magnitude, Protocols & Acceptance Criteria
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ACI | 2007 | 42 |
This report provides the recommendations of Committee 437 regarding selection of test load magnitudes, protocol, and acceptance criteria to be used when performing load testing as a means of evaluating safety and serviceability of concrete structural members and systems. The history of load factors and acceptance criteria as found in the ACI 318 building code is provided along with a review of other load test practice. Recommended revisions to load factors to be used at this time, additions to load testing protocol, and revisions to acceptance criteria used to evaluate the findings of load testing are provided. Keywords: acceptance criteria; cyclic load test; deflection; deterioration;load test factors; load test protocol; monotonic load test; reinforced concrete; strength evaluation.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | CONTENTS CONTENTS |
| 4 | CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION 1.1— Background 1.1— Background 1.2—Introduction 1.2—Introduction |
| 5 | 1.3—Limitations 1.3—Limitations CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY 2.1— Notation 2.1— Notation 2.2—Terminology 2.2—Terminology |
| 6 | CHAPTER 3— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA CHAPTER 3— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 3.1— Scope of historical review 3.1— Scope of historical review 3.2—Summary and conclusions 3.2—Summary and conclusions 3.2.1 Purpose of load testing 3.2.1 Purpose of load testing 3.2.2 Test load magnitude 3.2.2 Test load magnitude |
| 7 | 3.2.3 Protocol for application of the load test 3.2.3 Protocol for application of the load test 3.2.4 Acceptance criteria for load testing 3.2.4 Acceptance criteria for load testing 3.2.4.1 Use of maximum deflection 3.2.4.1 Use of maximum deflection 3.2.4.2 Use of deflection recovery 3.2.4.2 Use of deflection recovery CHAPTER 4— LOAD FACTORS CHAPTER 4— LOAD FACTORS 4.1— Introduction 4.1— Introduction |
| 8 | 4.2—Load factors for various components of service load 4.2—Load factors for various components of service load 4.2.1 Reasons for change 4.2.1 Reasons for change |
| 9 | 4.2.2 Recommended changes to test load magnitude 4.2.2 Recommended changes to test load magnitude |
| 11 | 4.2.3 Applicability of TLM to structures designed per earlier codes 4.2.3 Applicability of TLM to structures designed per earlier codes 4.3—Load factors for extreme ratios of live load to total dead load 4.3—Load factors for extreme ratios of live load to total dead load |
| 12 | CHAPTER 5— LOAD TEST PROTOCOL CHAPTER 5— LOAD TEST PROTOCOL 5.1— Introduction 5.1— Introduction 5.2—Test load configuration 5.2—Test load configuration 5.2.1 Uniformly distributed load pattern 5.2.1 Uniformly distributed load pattern 5.2.2 Patch or strip equivalent loads 5.2.2 Patch or strip equivalent loads 5.3—Load application method 5.3—Load application method 5.3.1 Dead weights 5.3.1 Dead weights |
| 13 | 5.3.2 Hydraulic jacks 5.3.2 Hydraulic jacks 5.4—Loading procedures 5.4—Loading procedures 5.4.1 Monotonic loading 5.4.1 Monotonic loading 5.4.2 Cyclic loading 5.4.2 Cyclic loading 5.5—Loading duration 5.5—Loading duration 5.5.1 Twenty-four hours at maximum load 5.5.1 Twenty-four hours at maximum load |
| 14 | 5.5.2 Stability at maximum load 5.5.2 Stability at maximum load 5.6—Load testing procedure 5.6—Load testing procedure 5.6.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic uniform load test 5.6.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic uniform load test 5.6.2 Cyclic load test 5.6.2 Cyclic load test |
| 15 | CHAPTER 6— ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA CHAPTER 6— ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 6.1— Criteria for 24- hour monotonic load test 6.1— Criteria for 24- hour monotonic load test |
| 16 | 6.2—Criteria for cyclic load test 6.2—Criteria for cyclic load test |
| 17 | 6.2.1 Determination of member/structure capacity (load rating) 6.2.1 Determination of member/structure capacity (load rating) 6.3—Considerations of performance assessment at service load level 6.3—Considerations of performance assessment at service load level |
| 18 | 6.4—Recommendations for acceptance criteria at test load magnitude level 6.4—Recommendations for acceptance criteria at test load magnitude level 6.4.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic load test procedure 6.4.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic load test procedure 6.4.2 Cyclic load test procedure 6.4.2 Cyclic load test procedure |
| 19 | 6.5—Strength reserve beyond load test acceptance criteria 6.5—Strength reserve beyond load test acceptance criteria CHAPTER 7— SUMMARY CHAPTER 7— SUMMARY CHAPTER 8— REFERENCES CHAPTER 8— REFERENCES 8.1— Referenced standards and reports 8.1— Referenced standards and reports |
| 20 | 8.2—Cited references 8.2—Cited references |
| 21 | APPENDIX A— DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT PATCH LOAD APPENDIX A— DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT PATCH LOAD A.1— Notation A.1— Notation |
| 22 | A.2—Introduction A.2—Introduction A.3—One-way slab system A.3—One-way slab system A.4—Procedure and preliminary calculations A.4—Procedure and preliminary calculations |
| 23 | A.5—Calculations after calibration cycle A.5—Calculations after calibration cycle A.5.1 Determination of c1 A.5.1 Determination of c1 |
| 24 | A.5.2 Determination of c2 A.5.2 Determination of c2 |
| 25 | A.6—Conclusions A.6—Conclusions APPENDIX B— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA APPENDIX B— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA B.1— Notation B.1— Notation B.2—Historical load test practice in the United States and according to ACI B.2—Historical load test practice in the United States and according to ACI B.2.1 Early history in the United States from 1890 to 1920 B.2.1 Early history in the United States from 1890 to 1920 |
| 28 | B.2.2 1920 ACI regulations for reinforced concrete B.2.2 1920 ACI regulations for reinforced concrete B.2.3 1928 ACI tentative regulations B.2.3 1928 ACI tentative regulations B.2.4 1936 and 1941 ACI building regulations B.2.4 1936 and 1941 ACI building regulations |
| 29 | B.2.5 ACI 318-47 and 318-51 B.2.5 ACI 318-47 and 318-51 B.2.6 ACI 318-56 B.2.6 ACI 318-56 |
| 30 | B.2.7 ACI 318-63 B.2.7 ACI 318-63 B.2.8 ACI 437-67 B.2.8 ACI 437-67 |
| 31 | B.2.9 ACI 318-71 B.2.9 ACI 318-71 B.2.10 Cyclic load testing of concrete structures B.2.10 Cyclic load testing of concrete structures |
| 32 | B.2.11 CIAS Report 2000 and ACI 437R-03 B.2.11 CIAS Report 2000 and ACI 437R-03 B.3—Other historical load test practices B.3—Other historical load test practices B.3.1 Proceedings of 5th Annual Convention, National Association of Cement Users (NACU 1908) B.3.1 Proceedings of 5th Annual Convention, National Association of Cement Users (NACU 1908) B.3.1.1 Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects: 1903 recommendations B.3.1.1 Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects: 1903 recommendations B.3.1.2 Prussian government regulations: 1904 B.3.1.2 Prussian government regulations: 1904 B.3.1.3 French government rules: 1907 B.3.1.3 French government rules: 1907 B.3.1.4 British Reinforced Concrete Committee: 1907 recommendations B.3.1.4 British Reinforced Concrete Committee: 1907 recommendations |
| 33 | B.3.2 Research on loading tests of reinforced concrete structures: report of work carried out at standards Institution of Israel (Arnan et al.) in 1950 B.3.2 Research on loading tests of reinforced concrete structures: report of work carried out at standards Institution of Israel (Arnan et al.) in 1950 |
| 35 | B.3.3 Report of Committee on Testing of Structures (Institution of Structural Engineers 1964) B.3.3 Report of Committee on Testing of Structures (Institution of Structural Engineers 1964) B.3.4 ASTM Committee E6, Performance of Buildings: 1965 to 1995 B.3.4 ASTM Committee E6, Performance of Buildings: 1965 to 1995 B.3.5 Czechoslovak State Standard CSN 73 2030 (1977) B.3.5 Czechoslovak State Standard CSN 73 2030 (1977) |
| 36 | B.3.6 General Recommendation for Statical Loading Test of Load-Bearing Concrete Structures In Situ (RILEM TBS-2) (RILEM 1980) B.3.6 General Recommendation for Statical Loading Test of Load-Bearing Concrete Structures In Situ (RILEM TBS-2) (RILEM 1980) |
| 37 | B.3.7 CSA Standard A23.3 (Canadian Standards Association 1994) B.3.7 CSA Standard A23.3 (Canadian Standards Association 1994) |
| 38 | B.3.8 Guidance for Engineers Conducting Static Load Tests on Building Structures (BRE 1995) B.3.8 Guidance for Engineers Conducting Static Load Tests on Building Structures (BRE 1995) B.3.9 2003 International Building Code (International Code Council 2003) B.3.9 2003 International Building Code (International Code Council 2003) B.3.10 Italian codes B.3.10 Italian codes |
| 39 | B.3.11 Recommended Practice for In-Situ Monitoring of Concrete Structures by Acoustic Emission (NDIS 2421) (Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection [JSNDI] 2000) B.3.11 Recommended Practice for In-Situ Monitoring of Concrete Structures by Acoustic Emission (NDIS 2421) (Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection [JSNDI] 2000) |
