IEEE C37.110-2023

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IEEE Guide for the Application of Current Transformers Used for Protective Relaying Purposes (Published)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2023

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. The characteristics and classification of current transformers (CTs) used for protective relaying are described. This guide also describes the conditions that cause the CT output to be distorted and the effects on relaying systems of this distortion. The selection and application of CTs for the more common protection schemes are also addressed.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std C37.110™-2023 Front cover
2	Title page
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
8	Participants
10	Introduction
11	Contents
12	List of Figures
14	List of Tables
15	1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Word usage
16	2. Normative references 3. Definitions
18	4. Current transformer characteristics and classification 4.1 Current transformer equivalent circuit and phasor diagrams
20	4.2 Current transformer secondary excitation characteristics
21	4.3 Knee-point voltage and saturation voltage
23	4.4 Current transformer accuracy
26	4.5 Dynamic characteristics
35	4.6 The effects of remanence
37	4.7 Fundamental transformer equation
38	5. General application of current transformers 5.1 Current transformer burdens
40	5.2 Ratio selection 5.3 Long-term and short-term thermal ratings
41	5.4 Current transformer secondary output accuracy class voltage 5.5 Connecting current transformers in series
42	5.6 Three-phase connections 5.7 Auxiliary current transformers
44	5.8 Bus configuration
45	5.9 Current transformer location 5.10 Minimizing the effects of current transformer saturation 5.11 Determining current transformer steady-state performance using secondary excitation curves
46	5.12 Unbalanced current measurement
47	5.13 Current transformer performance under geomagnetic-induced current conditions 6. Current transformers connected to electromechanical relays 6.1 Saturation effects
48	6.2 Applications of current transformers
70	7. Current transformers connected to static relays 7.1 Saturation effects
71	7.2 Applications of current transformers 8. Current transformers connected to microprocessor relays 8.1 Saturation effects 8.2 Applications of current transformers
77	Annex A (informative) IEC standards on current transformers A.1 Accuracy of the IEC Class P current transformers A.2 Accuracy of the IEC Class TP current transformers
78	A.3 The factor of construction is determined from the ratio
80	Annex B (informative) List of ANSI C accuracy class values and burdens
81	Annex C (informative) Remanent flux in current transformers
82	Annex D (informative) Optical current sensor systems D.1 Why optical current sensors are needed D.2 Components of optical current sensor systems D.3 Why optical sensor systems are used
83	D.4 Conventional transformer characteristics and issues that are “not applicable” in optical current sensors D.5 Considerations in the application of optical current sensor systems
85	Annex E (informative) Bibliography
89	Back cover

Additional information

Standard Title	IEEE Guide for the Application of Current Transformers Used for Protective Relaying Purposes (Published)
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	2023

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IEEE C37.110-2023

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