ACI 351.3R 04:2004 Edition
$54.44
351.3R-04: Foundations for Dynamic Equipment (Reapproved 2011)
Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
ACI | 2004 | 63 |
This report presents general guidance for the various design criteria, methods, and procedures of analysis, design, and construction applied to dynamic equipment foundations. As an engineering aid to those persons engaged in the design of foundations for machinery, this document presents many current practices in the engineering, construction, repair, and upgrade of dynamic equipment foundations. Keywords: amplitude; concrete; foundation; reinforcement; vibration.
PDF Catalog
PDF Pages | PDF Title |
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1 | CONTENTS |
2 | CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION 1.1— Background 1.2—Purpose 1.3—Scope 1.4—Notation |
4 | CHAPTER 2— FOUNDATION AND MACHINE TYPES 2.1— General considerations 2.2—Machine types 2.2.1 Rotating machinery 2.2.2 Reciprocating machinery |
5 | 2.2.3 Impulsive machinery 2.2.4 Other machine types |
6 | 2.3—Foundation types 2.3.1 Block-type foundation (Fig. 2.4) 2.3.2 Combined block-type foundation (Fig. 2.5) 2.3.3 Tabletop-type foundation (Fig. 2.6) 2.3.4 Tabletop with isolators (Fig. 2.7) 2.3.5 Spring-mounted equipment (Fig. 2.8) 2.3.6 Inertia block in structure (Fig. 2.9) 2.3.7 Pile foundations (Fig. 2.10) |
7 | CHAPTER 3— DESIGN CRITERIA 3.1— Overview of design criteria 3.2—Foundation and equipment loads |
8 | 3.2.1 Static loads 3.2.1.1 Dead loads 3.2.1.2 Live loads 3.2.1.3 Wind loads 3.2.1.4 Seismic loads 3.2.1.5 Static operating loads |
9 | 3.2.1.6 Special loads for elevated-type foundations 3.2.1.7 Erection and maintenance loads 3.2.1.8 Thermal loads |
10 | 3.2.2 Rotating machine loads 3.2.2.1 Dynamic loads due to unbalanced masses 3.2.2.1a Dynamic load provided by the manufacturer 3.2.2.1b Machine unbalance provided by the manufacturer 3.2.2.1c Machine unbalance meeting industry criteria |
11 | 3.2.2.1d Dynamic load determined from an empirical formula |
12 | 3.2.2.1e Machine unbalance determined from trip vibration level and effective bearing stiffness 3.2.2.2 Loads from multiple rotating machines 3.2.3 Reciprocating machine loads 3.2.3.1 Primary and secondary reciprocating loads |
13 | 3.2.3.2 Compressor gas loads |
14 | 3.2.3.3 Reciprocating inertia loads for multicylinder machines |
15 | 3.2.3.4 Estimating reciprocating inertia forces from multicylinder machines 3.2.4 Impulsive machine loads 3.2.5 Loading conditions 3.2.6 Load combinations |
16 | 3.3—Dynamic soil properties 3.3.1 Poisson’s ratio 3.3.2 Dynamic shear modulus |
17 | 3.3.2.1 Field determination 3.3.2.2 Laboratory determination |
18 | 3.3.2.3 Correlation to other soil properties 3.3.3 Damping of soil |
19 | 3.4—Vibration performance criteria 3.4.1 Machine limits |
21 | 3.4.2 Physiological limits |
22 | 3.4.3 Frequency ratios 3.4.4 Transmissibility |
23 | 3.5—Concrete performance criteria 3.6—Performance criteria for machine-mounting systems |
25 | 3.7—Method for estimating inertia forces from multicylinder machines |
26 | CHAPTER 4— DESIGN METHODS AND MATERIALS 4.1— Overview of design methods 4.1.1 General considerations 4.1.2 Summary of design methods for resisting dynamic loads |
27 | 4.1.2.1 Rule-of-thumb method |
28 | 4.1.2.2 Equivalent static loading method 4.1.2.3 Dynamic analysis |
29 | 4.2—Impedance provided by the supporting media |
32 | 4.2.1 Uniform soil conditions 4.2.1.1 Richart-Whitman models |
33 | 4.2.1.2 Veletsos models |
34 | 4.2.1.3 Other models 4.2.2 Adjustments to theoretical values |
35 | 4.2.3 Embedment effects |
36 | 4.2.4 Material damping 4.2.5 Pile foundations |
37 | 4.2.5.1 Single piles |
38 | 4.2.5.2 Pile groups |
41 | 4.2.5.3 Battered piles |
42 | 4.2.6 Transformed impedance relative to center of gravity 4.3—Vibration analysis 4.3.1 Foundation stiffness |
43 | 4.3.2 Single degree-of-freedom system 4.3.3 Two degree-of-freedom system 4.3.4 Three or more degree-of-freedom system 4.3.4.1 Mathematical models 4.3.4.2 Frequency analysis |
44 | 4.3.4.3 Forced response analysis 4.3.5 Dynamic analysis using computer codes 4.4—Structural foundation design and materials 4.4.1 Reinforced concrete |
45 | 4.4.1.1 Fatigue issues 4.4.1.2 Dynamic modulus of elasticity 4.4.1.3 Forging hammer foundations |
46 | 4.4.1.4 Thermal effects 4.4.1.5 Compressor block post-tensioning 4.4.2 Machine anchorage 4.4.2.1 Performance criteria/anchor bolts |
47 | 4.4.2.2 Capacity 4.4.2.3 Anchor bolt preload |
48 | 4.4.2.4 Monitoring preload 4.4.2.5 Depth/length/style 4.4.3 Grout |
49 | 4.5—Use of isolation systems 4.5.1 Direct support systems 4.5.2 Inertia block systems 4.6—Repairing and upgrading foundations 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Upgrading 4.6.3 Accomplishing repairs and upgrades |
50 | 4.7—Sample impedance calculations |
53 | CHAPTER 5— CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS 5.1— Subsurface preparation and improvement 5.1.1 General considerations 5.1.2 Specific subsurface preparation and improvements |
54 | 5.2—Foundation placement tolerances 5.3—Forms and shores 5.3.1 General requirements for forms 5.3.2 Shoring 5.3.3 Shoring systems and formwork for large elevated foundations |
55 | 5.4—Sequence of construction and construction joints 5.5—Equipment installation and setting 5.5.1 5.5.2 |
56 | 5.6—Grouting 5.6.1 Types of grout 5.6.2 Applications 5.7—Concrete materials (ACI 211.1, ACI 301) 5.8—Quality control |
57 | CHAPTER 6— REFERENCES 6.1— Referenced standards and reports |
59 | 6.2—Cited references |
60 | 6.3—Software sources and other references |
61 | 6.4—Terminology |