API PUBL 2525-1992

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Review of Air Toxics Emission Calculations from Storage Tanks (Phase I)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1992	164

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Description

This report presents the results of a study performed by Radian Corporation for the American Petroleum Institute (API). The purpose of this study was to review and assess the validity of the methodology proposed by for estimating emissions of toxic species from storage tanks.

This project involved two tasks:

• Review EPA's proposed methodology for estimating air toxic emissions from organic liquid storage tanks and prepare a summary of findings for review by the API Evaporative Loss Committee; and

• Assess the validity of the calculational methods proposed, including comparisons of calculated results with measured values if possible.

EPA's proposed methodology was presented in report by Midwest Research Institute entitled "Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Organic Liquid Storage Tanks." (EPA-450/4-88/004, October 1988.) Other principal sources reviewed in Task 1 included the following:

• "Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks," API Publication 2517, Third Edition, February 1989;

• "Evaporation Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks," API Publication 25 Reaffirmed August 1987;

• "Evaporation Loss from Internal Floating-Roof Tanks," API Publication 2519, Third Edition, June 1983; and

• "Air Emissions Species Manual," Volume I, VOC Species Profiles, EPA-450/2-88-003a, April 1988.

The procedures for calculating emissions of toxic species presented in the Midwest Research Institute report for EPA were compared with those in the API Publications. Differences were noted, and the validity of the assumptions used in developing the equations and models used was reviewed. The results of this review, including potential methods of validating the procedures, were presented to the members of the API Evaporative Loss Committee in an interim report dated February 27, 1990. The report was discussed with the members of the committee on March 20, 1990, and the proposed validation procedures for Task 2 were approved.

Based on discussions with the committee, the principal focus of Task 2 was to determine the validity of EPA's proposed approach for predicting vapor compositions from liquid composition data using Raoult's Law versus more rigorous methods based on equations of state. Predictions for two gasolines having different volatilities were performed using two equations of state (i.e., Peng-Robinson and Redlich-Kwong-Soave) and Raoult's Law using the ASPEN/SP process simulator.

This report presents the results of the two project tasks. Section 2.0 presents the results of the review of EPA's estimation method. Section 3.0 discusses several potential alternate approaches for estimating air toxics emissions from storage tanks. The results of the validity assessment task are presented in Section 4.0. Section 5.0 is a discussion of conclusions and recommendations, while Section 6.0 is a list of references used in performing the study.

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