API PUBL 4723-2002

$44.20

Refinery Stream Speciation

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	2002	344

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Description

Passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 created a number of new compliance challenges for the U.S. petroleum industry. In order to provide improved approaches to meeting these challenges, and to allow leveraging of research expenditures, a number of the members of the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) formed the Cooperative Air Program (CAP). The CAP consists of a number of individual research projects in twelve areas including emissions monitoring, dispersion modeling, VOC and NOx emission control, pollution prevention and others. Refinery stream speciation is one of the CAP project areas.

The objective of the refinery stream speciation project was to develop industry representative concentration profiles for process streams. Reasons for undertaking this activity included the desire for improved emissions estimates for determination of regulatory applicability, operating permit preparation and compliance, and risk assessment determinations. There was concern that the previously available speciation data was not representative of averages or the ranges of specific compounds in current refinery operations.

The refinery stream speciation profiles presented in this document were developed from stream sampling conducted by each of the participating companies: Amoco, Arco, BP, Chevron, Exxon, Mobil, Shell and Texaco. The identities of specific companies and refineries are coded in the raw data listing for confidentiality. Each company representative provided guidance on the program scope and objectives, the data collection effort, the data analysis procedures, and the reporting of final results.

The results of this report are based on analyses from 31 refineries, over 20 units, and over 50 process streams. One of the most significant observations is the wide range of the reported concentrations for some of the compounds. This is believed to be a result of the way crude oil is converted into useful products and how refinery process units operate. These process units usually monitor and control operations based on physical properties such as temperature rather than by the concentrations of specific compounds. Thus, the range of compositions in a specific process stream may vary widely depending on the particular crude oil, product slate, processing severity, and other factors. This range of process stream concentration should be considered in application of the means and most likely values provided in this report.

This report is divided into a number of sections which describe the data collection and analysis procedures, contain tables of stream compositions and the raw data, and provide a graphical presentation of the data.

Section 3 provides a summary of the data collection and analysis effort.

Section 4 contains a listing of the process units and streams, simplified flow diagrams, and the compounds included in the study.

Section 5 presents the stream composition data in tabular form. First, for each process unit and stream, the minimum, maximum and most likely values of the concentration of each compound are presented. This is followed by a table listing the data by compound. A third table provides additional statistical information from the analysis.

Section 6 is a listing of the raw data. Participating companies have been provided with an electronic version of this spreadsheet.

Section 7 provides details of the data collection and handling, statistical analysis, and a discussion relating to the analytical sampling.

Section 8 is a graphical presentation of the data by process unit and stream showing all data and the most likely value.

The material contained in this report will be of use in estimating the emissions of specific compounds, in preparing permit applications and in other environmental control activities. Neither PERF or the project participants make any claims as to the suitability or acceptability of the stream composition data reported herein for specific reporting or regulatory purposes.

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