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ASCE 9780784409848 2009

ASCE 9780784409848 2009

$71.50

Marine Outfall Construction

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASCE 2009 432
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Robert Grace offers practical guidance for the construction of marine outfalls to carry treated wastewater from land to sea, along with detailed case studies that describe the particular challenges accompanying a construction project at sea.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
8 Contents
12 Preface
18 List of Acronyms
22 Glossary
A
B
23 C
D
24 E
F
G
25 H
I
J
K
L
M
26 N
O
P
R
27 S
28 T
U
V
W
29 Z
30 1 The Marine Outfall in Context
1.1 Precious Water
32 1.2 Marine Disposal of Wastewater
35 1.3 Wastewater Reuse
39 1.4 Releasing Wastewater to the Marine Environment
43 1.5 Multiple Uses of the Marine Environment
45 1.6 Taking Individual Outfalls Out of Service
50 1.7 The Marine Outfall as the Disposal Method of Choice
53 References
58 2 Moving toward Construction
2.1 Working in the Sea
60 2.2 The Bracketing of Marine Outfall Construction
63 2.3 The Most Crucial Marine Data
66 2.4 Development of the Design of the Southwest Ocean Outfall
71 2.5 Additional Matters
74 2.6 Design–Build
75 2.7 Offshore and Underwater Operations
81 2.8 Book Plan
83 References
88 3. Providing a Stable Work Base within the Surf Zone
3.1 The Trestle
91 3.2 A Full-Length Outfall Trestle at New Plymouth, New Zealand
94 3.3 Another Full-Length Outfall Trestle at McGaurans Beach, Australia
96 3.4 A Large Power Plant Outfall
100 3.5 Big Pipe with Strict Environmental Stipulations
104 3.6 The Jackup Barge or Platform
109 3.7 An Outfall Extension at Fort Bragg, California
113 3.8 More Walking Platforms
117 References
120 4 Pulling an Outfall Seaward along the Ocean Floor
4.1 The Bottom-Pull Operation
121 4.2 The Cape Peron Outfall, Western Australia
126 4.3 Two Other Notable Bottom-Pulled Outfalls
129 4.4 A Pair of Modern Bottom-Pulled Conduits
132 4.5 Further Cases: 1978–1986
135 4.6 Further Cases: 1987–2002
138 4.7 Additional Matters
140 4.8 Crucial Numbers for the Bottom-Pull Operation
141 References
144 5 Placing Outfalls under Protected Sites or Obstructions
5.1 Horizontal Directional Drilling
147 5.2 Gas and Oil Industry Shore Crossing, Example No. 1
149 5.3 Two More Gas and Oil Shore Crossings
150 5.4 Unfulfilled Horizontal Directional Drilling Attempts
151 5.5 HDD Outfall Case Studies in the United Kingdom
155 5.6 Other HDD Case Studies in Developed Countries
158 5.7 Central Pacific Ocean HDD Jobs
161 References
164 6 Crane Barge Offshore, Trestle Inshore, Trouble Ahead
6.1 Section-by-Section Installation of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Outfalls
166 6.2 Southwest Ocean Outfall, San Francisco, California
175 6.3 Monterey Bay Outfall, California
180 6.4 Santa Cruz No. 3 Outfall, California
181 6.5 Stormwater Outfalls on the Lower U.S. East Coast
186 6.6 The Crane Barge Working Alone
191 References
194 7 High-Tech Outfall Installation in Deep Water
7.1 Saturation Diving
196 7.2 Working Underwater with No Divers
199 7.3 Renton, Seattle, Washington
202 7.4 Iona, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
205 7.5 Point Loma Extension, San Diego, California
212 References
214 8 Creating Tunnel Outfalls and Their Risers
8.1 Tunnel Boring Machines
217 8.2 Three Full-Tunnel Outfalls at Sydney, Australia
220 8.3 Other Tunnel Outfalls
221 8.4 Sacrificial Tunnels for Outfalls
223 8.5 Use of Microtunneling and Pipe-Jacking to Create Outfalls
225 References
230 9 Hybrid-Design Outfalls
9.1 Two Distinct Parts
233 9.2 South Bay Ocean Outfall, San Diego, California
240 9.3 Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme, Stage I Outfall, Hong Kong
242 9.4 The Fort Kamehameha No. 2 Outfall, Hawaii
247 9.5 Post Script
248 References
250 10 Selected Polyethylene Outfalls
10.1 Lightness and Heaviness
251 10.2 High-Density Polyethylene Pipes in South Africa
255 10.3 Selected Polyethylene Outfalls: First Set
258 10.4 Selected Polyethylene Outfalls: Second Set
260 10.5 The Latest Polyethylene Outfalls
262 10.6 Installation Problems
265 References
266 11 Unusual Outfalls
11.1 Techniques from the Gas and Oil Industry
267 11.2 Small-Diameter Flexible Pipe from a Reel Barge
270 11.3 Outfalls in Remote Locations
274 11.4 Novel Designs: The Americas
279 11.5 Novel Designs: Europe
284 11.6 Novel Designs: Other Countries
287 References
290 12 Difficult or Impossible Outfalls
12.1 The Cruel Sea
291 12.2 Lobsters versus Crane Barges and Human Lives
293 12.3 A Troubled U.S. West Coast Project
297 12.4 Problems at Pulp and Paper Mills
300 12.5 More Problems
303 12.6 Anything That Can Happen Will Happen
305 12.7 Outfalls That Couldn’t Be Built
308 References
310 13 Giant Tunnel Outfall as Part of the Boston Harbor Cleanup
13.1 Boston’s Water and Wastewater
313 13.2 Early Stages
316 13.3 Installation of Risers
13.4 A Personal Experience
318 13.5 The Driving of the Tunnel Outfall
320 13.6 Diffuser Completion and Outfall Startup
322 13.7 The Cross-Harbor Tunnel
13.8 Accomplishments
324 References
328 Appendix A: Selected World Outfalls, Continuing after Table 1-1
386 Appendix B: Wave-Related Concepts and Calculations for Outfall Design-Build
B.1 Ocean Waves
392 B.2 Wave-Related Computations for Trestles
394 B.3 The Old Pipe and the Sea
396 B.4 Wave Force Considerations for Exposed Submarine Pipelines
404 B.5 Research Results
407 B.6 Pipe Protection by Quarry Rock
410 References
414 Appendix C: Immersed Tubes as Big Outfalls
C.1 The Concept
416 C.2 Use of Immersed Tubes
418 References
422 Index
A
B
423 C
D
E
F
424 G
H
425 I
J
K
L
M
426 N
427 O
P
428 R
S
430 T
U
431 V
W
432 About the Author

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ASCE 9780784409848 2009
$71.50