Sponsored by the Membrane Technology Task Committee of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCEMembrane Technology and Environmental Applications explains the use of membrane materials as a direct, effective, and sustainable way to address environmental problems. Membranes are a core technology for separating material mixtures, such as wastewater and saltwater, and offer significant advantages over other technologies. Membrane technologies are relatively simple in concept and operation, flexible, and compatible with integrated systems in many environments. They can also minimize the use of treatment chemicals, the production of residuals, and energy consumption. This volume provides in-depth technical information on the fundamentals, applications, and recent advances of membrane technology, including state-of-the-art reviews of current research, critical analysis of new processes and materials, and avenues for further study. Chapters examine environmental applications such as treatment of drinking water, wastewater, and industrial wastewater; water reclamation and reuse; desalination; removal of arsenic and emerging contaminants; treatment of greywater and rainwater, and the production of bioproducts from wastewater sludge. New research is described on such topics as membrane fouling, process enhancement, membrane biofilm reactors, nanomaterials, and new separation techiques. Chapters contain extensive illustrations, case studies, summary tables, and up-to-date references.For practicing engineers, environmental and treatment-plant managers, and government officials, this volume is an essential guide for designing and implementing membrane technologies. Educators, graduate and undergraduate students, and researchers involved in environmental engineering and science will find this book to be a valuable learning tool and reference.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Cover
4	Contents
10	Preface
12	Contributing Authors
14	Chapter 1 The Values of Membrane Science and Technology: Introduction and Overview
15	1.1 Key Progresses in Membrane Science and Technology
26	1.2 Overview of Applications of Membrane Technologies
28	1.3 Key Drivers, Restraints, and Research Needs
33	1.4 Book Overview
39	1.5 Summary
40	1.6 References
54	Chapter 2 Delineation of Membrane Processes 2.1 Different Membrane Processes
56	2.2 Membrane Materials, Modules, and Systems
63	2.3 Membrane Fouling
65	2.4 Membrane Cleaning
67	2.5 Different Membrane Processes
75	2.6 Microfiltration Hybrid Systems
83	2.7 Conclusion
84	2.8 References
88	Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Membrane Processes 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Membrane Materials and Properties
95	3.3 Separation Mechanisms for Different Membrane Processes
101	3.4 Modeling/Simulation in Membrane Processes
103	3.5 Future Perspectives
105	3.6 Summary 3.7 References
109	Chapter 4 Membrane Fouling in MBRs: Mechanisms and Control 4.1 Introduction
111	4.2 Types of Membrane Fouling
112	4.3 Membrane Fouling Mechanisms in MBRs
115	4.4 Factors Affecting Membrane Fouling
133	4.5 Fouling Control Strategies
138	4.6 Conclusions
140	4.7 References
153	Chapter 5 Membrane Processes for Drinking Water Treatment 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Membrane Processes
159	5.3 Membrane Applications in Potable Water Treatment
170	5.4 Case Studies
178	5.5 Conclusions
179	5.6 References
182	Chapter 6 Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sources and Characteristics of Wastewater
187	6.3 Types of Membranes Applied in Wastewater Treatment
195	6.4 Membrane Filtration Processe for Domestic and Municipal Wastewater Treatment
199	6.5 Membrane Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
217	6.6 Dynamic Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment
220	6.7 Conclusions 6.8 References
230	Chapter 7 Applications of Membrane Processes for Concentrated Industrial Wastewater Treatment 7.1 Introduction
232	7.2 Applications to Industrial Wastewater Treatment
244	7.3 Constraints
245	7.4 Techno-Economic Evaluation of Membrane Filtration Processes
246	7.5 Future Perspectives 7.6 Summary
247	7.7 Acknowledgments 7.8 References
252	Chapter 8 Membrane Processes for Water Reclamation and Reuse 8.1 General Aspects of Water Reclamation and Reuse
257	8.2 Current Status
260	8.3 Opportunities for Membrane Processes in Biological Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse
267	8.4 Application of Membrane Processes in Water Reclamation and Reuse
280	8.5 Challenges of Membrane-Based Solutions for Water Reclamation and Reuse
282	8.6 Conclusions
283	8.7 References
289	Chapter 9 Membrane Processes for Desalinization: Importance of Pre-Treatment to Reduce Organic Fouling 9.1 Introduction
292	9.2 RO Fouling Mechanisms
295	9.3 Pre-Treatment
299	9.4 Fouling Indices
302	9.5 Conclusions
304	9.6 Appendix: Case Studies of Existing Plants
306	9.7 References
311	Chapter 10 Membrane Processes for Desalination: Overview 10.1 Introduction
316	10.2 Pretreatment for Seawater RO Desalination Processes
324	10.3 State of the Art of Membrane Desalination
332	10.4 Innovative Technologies: The Future of Desalination?
338	10.5 Concluding Remarks: Desalination vs. Water Reuse
340	10.6 References
344	Chapter 11 Membrane Processes for Removal of Emerging Contaminants 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Occurrence of Emerging Contaminants and Their Effects on Health and Environment
348	11.3 RO/NF in Water and Wastewater Treatment and the Corresponding Solute Rejection Mechanisms
353	11.4 PAC/MF (UF) in Water Treatment for ECs Removal
354	11.5 Case Studies
355	11.6 Future Perspectives 11.7 Concluding Remarks
356	11.8 References
361	Chapter 12 Arsenic Removal by Membrane Processes: Modeling and Applications 12.1 Introduction
363	12.2 Arsenic Removal by Membranes
371	12.3 Modeling of Arsenic Rejection by RO and NF Membranes
386	12.4 Conclusions
387	12.5 List of Symbols
389	12.6 References
395	Chapter 13 Membrane Processes for Greywater and Rainwater Treatment 13.1 Introduction
396	13.2 Quantity and Characteristics of GW and RW
398	13.3 Overview of Treatment Technologies and Reuses
400	13.4 Membrane Processes
406	13.5 Case Study
418	13.6 Future Perspectives 13.7 Conclusions
419	13.8 Acknowledgments 13.9 References
426	Chapter 14 Effects of Operating Conditions on Performance of a Decentralized MBR System for Wastewater Reclamation 14.1 Introduction
427	14.2 Materials and Methods
430	14.3 Results and Discussion
445	14.4 Conclusions
446	14.5 Appendix
447	14.6 References
449	Chapter 15 Applications of Membrane Technology for Production of Wastewater Sludge-Based Bioproducts 15.1 Introduction
450	15.2 Membrane Technology in Fermentation
452	15.3 Membrane Technology in Biomass Recycling and Purification
460	15.4 Membrane Technology in Collection and Storage
462	15.5 Limitations and Future Prospects
463	15.6 Summary 15.7 Acknowledgments 15.8 References
470	Chapter 16 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characterization of Membrane Fouling 16.1 Introduction
475	16.2 Membrane Foulant Characterization
508	16.3 Concluding Remarks
510	16.4 References
517	Chapter 17 Limitation of Membrane Technology and Prevention of Membrane Fouling 17.1 Introduction
522	17.2 Membrane Fouling Prevention Technologies
530	17.3 Case Studies
537	17.4 Conclusions
538	17.5 References
546	Chapter 18 Fouling Control of Membranes with Pretreatment 18.1 Introduction
547	18.2 Membrane Fouling
548	18.3 Pretreatment for Membrane Processes
558	18.4 Fouling Control for Low Pressure Membrane (LPM) Processes
571	18.5 Fouling Control for High Pressure Membrane (HPM) Processes
583	18.6 Conclusions
584	18.7 References
594	Chapter 19 Effects of Property Changes of Natural Organic Matter via Photooxidation on RO Membrane Fouling Reduction 19.1 Introduction
595	19.2 Materials and Methods
598	19.3 Results and Discussion
612	19.4 Conclusions
613	19.5 Nomenclature 19.6 References
616	Chapter 20 Enhancement of Membrane Processes with Attached Growth Media 20.1 Introduction
617	20.2 General Aspects of Attached Growth Reactors
621	20.3 Attached Growth Media and Biofilm Formation
626	20.4 Enhanced Membrane Performance by Attached Growth Media
639	20.5 Conclusions
640	20.6 References
648	Chapter 21 Membrane Biofilm Reactor: Current Status and Control Strategies for Long-Term Stable Performance 21.1 Introduction
649	21.2 Current Status of Knowledge on MABRs
656	21.3 Biofilm Control Strategies
666	21.4 Future Prospects: Applications and Technical Development
667	21.5 Acknowledgments 21.6 References
675	Chapter 22 Nanomaterial-Based Membranes for Gas Separation and Water Treatment 22.1 Introduction
676	22.2 Classification/Functions of Nanomaterial-Based Membranes
678	22.3 Applications in Gas Separation and Water Treatment
692	22.4 Nanomaterial’s Impact on Membrane Fouling
694	22.5 Cost Analysis
695	22.6 Limitations and Future Perspectives
696	22.7 Summary
697	22.8 Acknowledgments 22.9 References
709	Chapter 23 Novel Membrane-Separation Techniques and Their Environmental Applications 23.1 Introduction
710	23.2 Mixed-Matrix Membranes
715	23.3 Liquid Membranes and Their Environmental Applications
724	23.4 Ion Exchange-or Donnan Principle-Based Membrane Systems
733	23.5 Future Perspectives
734	23.6 Summary 23.7 References
740	Editor Biographies
744	Index A B
745	C D
746	E
747	F
748	G H I
749	K L M
750	N
751	O P
752	Q R
753	S
754	T U V
755	W Z

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASCE	2012	755


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Standard Title	Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications
Published Code	ASCE
Publication Date	2012
Pages Count	755

ASCE 9780784476895 2012

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