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ASCE Standard 7 2022

ASCE Standard 7 2022

$167.92

ASCE Standard 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

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ASCE 2022
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Two Standards are combined that explain the critical factor of saturated hydraulic conductivity to effectively and accurately measure groundwater flow and transport of contaminants. All saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements are subject to variability—even in the most geologically homogeneous aquifers—caused by local fluctuations in an aquifer’s textural characteristics. Averages of these fluctuations constitute a set of values that can be subsumed into a more general probabilistic description of the sample by means of a probability density function. Applying probabilistic procedures to the saturated hydraulic conductivity produces the effective hydraulic conductivity, which can be used to estimate the average specific discharge, the average linear velocity, and other key variables in groundwater flow.

ASCE/EWRI Standard 50-08(R2022) provides current guidelines for fitting saturated hydraulic conductivity using probability density functions. Standard ASCE/EWRI 51-08(R2022) addresses the calculation of effective saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ke or Kew) in local-scale groundwater flow, whether or not it is isotropic. Gathered in a single volume, these two Standard are the first in series that will address the knowledge of probabilistic characterization and behavior of saturated groundwater conductivity.

These Standards will be useful to environmental engineers, water resources engineers, and any professional who uses hydraulics in engineering.

An ASCE standard is reaffirmed when it has been reviewed by its technical committee and determined to be current with no need for immediate revision. These standards were reaffirmed in 2016 and 2022.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Cover
3 Copyright
4 ASCE STANDARDS
5 Tips for Using This Standard
7 BRIEF CONTENTS
11 CONTENTS
51 PREFACE
52 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
61 DEDICATION
62 Standard ASCE/SEI 7-22
Chapter 1: General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Definitions and Symbols
1.2.1 Definitions
63 1.2.2 Symbols
1.3 Basic Requirements
1.3.1 Strength and Stiffness
64 1.3.2 Serviceability
1.3.3 Functionality
65 1.3.4 Self-Straining Forces and Effects
1.3.5 Analysis
1.3.6 Counteracting Structural Actions
1.3.7 Fire Resistance
1.4 General Structural Integrity
1.4.1 Load Path Connections
1.4.2 Lateral Forces
1.4.3 Connection to Supports
1.4.4 Anchorage of Structural Walls
1.4.5 Extraordinary Loads and Events
1.5 Classification of Buildings and Other Structures
1.5.1 Risk Categorization
1.5.2 Multiple Risk Categories
66 “1.5.3 Toxic, Highly Toxic, and Explosive Substances ”
1.6 In Situ Load Tests
67 1.6.1 Load Test Procedure Specified Elsewhere
1.6.2 Load Test Procedure Not Specified Elsewhere
1.7 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
68 Chapter 2: Combinations of Loads
2.1 General
2.2 Symbols
2.3 Load Combinations for Strength Design
2.3.1 Basic Combinations
2.3.2 Load Combinations Including Flood Load
2.3.3 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric Ice and Wind-on-Ice Loads
2.3.4 Load Combinations Including Self-Straining Forces and Effects
69 2.3.5 Load Combinations for Nonspecified Loads
2.3.6 Basic Combinations with Seismic Load Effects
2.3.7 Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
2.4 Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design
2.4.1 Basic Combinations
70 2.4.2 Load Combinations Including Flood Load
2.4.3 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric Ice and Wind-on-Ice Loads
2.4.4 Load Combinations Including Self-Straining Forces and Effects
2.4.5 Basic Combinations with Seismic Load Effects
2.5 Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events
2.5.1 Applicability
2.5.2 Load Combinations
71 2.5.3 Stability Requirements
2.6 Load Combinations for General Structural Integrity Loads
2.6.1 Strength Design Notional Load Combinations
2.6.2 Allowable Stress Design Notional Load Combinations
2.7 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
72 Chapter 3: Dead Loads, Soil Loads, and Hydrostatic Pressure
3.1 Dead Loads
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 Weights of Materials of Construction
3.1.3 Weight of Fixed Service Equipment
3.1.4 Vegetative and Landscaped Roofs
3.1.5 Solar Panels
73 3.2 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure
3.2.1 Lateral Pressures
3.2.2 Uplift Loads on Floors and Foundations
3.3 Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
3.4 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
74 Chapter 4: Live Loads
4.1 Definitions
4.2 Loads Not Specified
4.3 Uniformly Distributed Live Loads
4.3.1 Required Live Loads
4.3.2 Provision for Partitions
4.3.3 Partial Loading
4.3.4 Interior Walls and Partitions
4.4 Concentrated Live Loads
“4.5 Loads on Handrail, Guard, Grab Bar, and Vehicle Barrier Systems, and on Shower Seats and Fixed Ladders ”
4.5.1 Handrail and Guard Systems
77 4.5.2 Grab Bar Systems and Shower Seats
4.5.3 Vehicle Barrier Systems
78 4.5.4 Fixed Ladders
4.6 Impact Loads
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Elevators
4.6.3 Machinery
4.6.4 Elements Supporting Hoists for Façade Access and Building Maintenance Equipment
“4.6.5 Fall Arrest, Lifeline, and Rope Descent System Anchorages ”
4.7 Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
4.7.3 Heavy Live Loads
4.7.4 Passenger Vehicle Garages
4.7.5 Assembly Area Loads
79 4.7.6 Limitations on One-Way Slabs
4.8 Reduction in Uniform Roof Live Loads
4.8.1 General
“4.8.2 Ordinary Roofs, Awnings, and Canopies ”
4.8.3 Occupiable Roofs
4.9 Crane Loads
4.9.1 General
4.9.2 Maximum Wheel Load
4.9.3 Vertical Impact Force
4.9.3.1 Bridge Crane Service Class
80 4.9.4 Lateral Force
4.9.5 Longitudinal Force
4.10 Garage and Vehicular Floor Loads
4.10.1 Passenger Vehicle Garages
4.10.2 Truck and Bus Garages
“4.10.3 Sidewalks, Vehicular Driveways, and Yards Subject to Trucking ”
4.10.4 Emergency Vehicle Loads
4.11 Helipad Loads
4.11.1 General
4.11.2 Concentrated Helicopter Loads
4.12 Uninhabitable Attics
4.12.1 Uninhabitable Attics without Storage
4.12.2 Uninhabitable Attics with Storage
81 4.13 Library Stack Rooms
4.14 Seating for Assembly Uses
4.15 Stair Treads
4.16 Solar Panel Loads
4.16.1 Roof Loads at Solar Panels
4.16.2 Load Combination
4.16.3 Open-Grid Roof Structures Supporting Solar Panels
4.17 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
82 Chapter 5: Flood Loads
5.1 General
5.2 Definitions
5.3 Design Requirements
5.3.1 Design Loads
5.3.2 Erosion and Scour
5.3.3 Loads on Breakaway Walls
5.4 Loads during Flooding
5.4.1 Load Basis
5.4.2 Hydrostatic Loads
83 5.4.3 Hydrodynamic Loads
5.4.4 Wave Loads
84 5.4.5 Impact Loads
5.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
86 Chapter 6: Tsunami Loads and Effects
6.1 General Requirements
6.1.1 Scope
6.2 Definitions
90 6.3 Symbols and Notation
91 6.4 Tsunami Risk Categories
6.5 Analysis of Design Inundation Depth and Flow Velocity
6.5.1 Tsunami Risk Category II and III Buildings and Other Structures
92 6.5.2 Tsunami Risk Category IV Buildings and Other Structures
6.5.3 Sea Level Change
6.6 Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Runup
6.6.1 Maximum Inundation Depth and Flow Velocities Based on Runup
6.6.2 Energy Grade Line Analysis of Maximum Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities
93 6.6.3 Terrain Roughness
6.6.4 Tsunami Bores
6.6.5 Amplified Flow Velocities
6.7 Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Site-Specific Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis
6.7.1 Tsunami Waveform
95 6.7.2 Tsunamigenic Sources
6.7.3 Earthquake Rupture Unit Source Tsunami Functions for Offshore Tsunami Amplitude
96 6.7.4 Treatment of Modeling and Natural Uncertainties
6.7.5 Offshore Tsunami Amplitude
97 6.7.6 Procedures for Determining Tsunami Inundation and Runup
6.7.6.8 Determining Site-Specific Inundation Flow Parameters
99 6.7.6.9 Tsunami Design Parameters for Flow over Land
6.8 Structural Design Procedures for Tsunami Effects
6.8.1 Performance of Tsunami Risk Category II and III Buildings and Other Structures
6.8.2 Performance of Tsunami Risk Category III Critical Facilities and Tsunami Risk Category IV Buildings and Other Structures
6.8.3 Structural Performance Evaluation
6.8.3.3 Load Combinations
100 6.8.3.4 Lateral-Force-Resisting System Acceptance Criteria
6.8.3.5 Structural Component Acceptance Criteria
101 6.8.4 Minimum Fluid Density for Tsunami Loads
6.8.5 Flow Velocity Amplification
102 “6.8.10 Physical Modeling of Tsunami Flow, Loads, and Effects ”
6.8.6 Directionality of Flow
6.8.7 Minimum Closure Ratio for Load Determination
6.8.8 Minimum Number of Tsunami Flow Cycles
6.8.9 Seismic Effects on the Foundations Preceding Local Subduction Zone Maximum Considered Tsunami
6.9 Hydrostatic Loads
6.9.1 Buoyancy
103 6.9.2 Unbalanced Lateral Hydrostatic Force
6.9.3 Residual Water Surcharge Load on Floors and Walls
6.9.4 Hydrostatic Surcharge Pressure on Foundation
6.10 Hydrodynamic Loads
6.10.1 Simplified Equivalent Uniform Lateral Static Pressure
6.10.2 Detailed Hydrodynamic Lateral Forces
105 6.10.3 Hydrodynamic Pressures Associated with Slabs
6.10.3.3 Tsunami Bore Flow Entrapped in Structural Wall-Slab Recesses
106 6.11 Debris Impact Loads
6.11.1 Alternative Simplified Debris Impact Static Load
107 6.11.2 Wood Logs and Poles
6.11.3 Impact by Vehicles
6.11.4 Impact by Submerged Tumbling Boulder and Concrete Debris
“6.11.5 Site Hazard Assessment for Shipping Containers, Ships, and Barges ”
108 6.11.6 Shipping Containers
109 6.11.7 Extraordinary Debris Impacts
6.11.8 Alternative Methods of Response Analysis
6.12 FOUNDATION DESIGN
6.12.1 Resistance Factors for Foundation Stability Analyses
6.12.2 Load and Effect Characterization
113 6.12.3 Alternative Foundation Performance-Based Design Criteria
6.12.4 Foundation Countermeasures
114 6.13 Structural Countermeasures for Tsunami Loading
6.13.1 Open Structures
6.13.2 Tsunami Barriers
6.14 Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Refuge Structures
6.14.1 Minimum Inundation Elevation and Depth
115 6.14.2 Refuge Live Load
6.14.3 Laydown Impacts
6.14.4 Information on Construction Documents
6.14.5 Peer Review
6.15 Designated Nonstructural Components and Systems
6.15.1 Performance Requirements
6.16 Nonbuilding Tsunami Risk Category III and IV Structures
6.16.1 Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category III Nonbuilding Structures
6.16.2 Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category IV Nonbuilding Structures
6.17 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
116 Chapter 7: Snow Loads
7.1 Definitions and Symbols
7.1.1 Definitions
7.1.2 Symbols
“7.2 Ground Snow Loads, pg ”
122 “7.3 Flat Roof Snow Loads, pf ”
“7.3.1 Exposure Factor, Ce ”
“7.3.2 Thermal Factor, Ct ”
“7.3.3 Minimum Snow Load for Low-Slope Roofs, pm ”
“7.4 Sloped Roof Snow Loads, ps ”
123 “7.4.1 Slope Factor, Cs ”
7.4.2 Slope Factor for Curved Roofs
“7.4.3 Slope Factor for Multiple Folded Plate, Sawtooth, and Barrel Vault Roofs ”
7.4.4 Ice Dams and Icicles along Eaves
124 7.4.5 Sloped Roof Snow Loads for Air-Supported Structures
7.5 Partial Loading
7.5.1 Continuous Beam Systems
125 7.5.2 Other Structural Systems
7.6 Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads
7.6.1 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Hip and Gable Roofs
126 7.6.2 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Curved Roofs
“7.6.3 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Multiple Folded Plate, Sawtooth, and Barrel Vault Roofs ”
7.6.4 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Dome Roofs
7.7 Drifts on Lower Roofs (Aerodynamic Shade)
7.7.1 Lower Roof of a Structure
7.7.2 Adjacent Structures
7.7.3 Intersecting Drifts
7.8 Roof Projections and Parapets
128 7.9 Sliding Snow
129 7.10 Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load
7.11 Ponding Instability
7.12 Existing Roofs
7.13 Snow on Open-Frame Equipment Structures
7.13.1 Snow at Top Level
7.13.2 Snow at Levels below the Top Level
130 7.13.3 Snow Loads on Pipes and Cable Trays
7.13.4 Snow Loads on Equipment and Equipment Platforms
7.14 ALTERNATE PROCEDURE
7.14.1 Limitations on Snow Loads Derived from Scale Model Studies
131 7.14.2 Consideration of Thermal Performance in Model Studies
7.15 Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
132 Chapter 8: Rain Loads
8.1 Definitions and Symbols
8.1.1 Definitions
8.1.2 Symbols
8.2 Design Rain Loads
8.3 Bays with Low Slope
8.4 Drainage to Existing Roofs
8.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
134 Chapter 9: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
136 Chapter 10: Ice Loads-Atmospheric Icing
10.1 General
10.1.1 Site-Specific Studies
10.1.2 Dynamic Loads
10.1.3 Exclusions
10.2 Definitions
10.3 Symbols
10.4 Ice Loads Caused By Freezing Rain
10.4.1 Ice Load
137 10.4.2 Nominal Ice Thickness
10.4.3 Height Factor
10.4.4 Topographic Factor
10.4.5 Design Ice Thickness for Freezing Rain
10.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Structures
“10.5.1 Wind on Ice-Covered Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures ”
10.5.2 Wind on Ice-Covered Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
10.5.3 Wind on Ice-Covered Open Signs and Lattice Frameworks
138 10.5.4 Wind on Ice-Covered Trussed Towers
10.5.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Guys and Cables
10.6 Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain
10.7 Partial Loading
10.8 Design Procedure
10.9 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
160 Chapter 11: Seismic Design Criteria
11.1 General
11.1.1 Purpose
11.1.2 Scope
11.1.3 Applicability
11.1.4 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction
11.1.5 Quality Assurance
11.2 Definitions
164 11.3 Symbols
167 11.4 Seismic Ground Motion Values
11.4.1 Near-Fault Sites
11.4.2 Site Class
11.4.3 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters
11.4.4 Design Spectral Acceleration Parameters
168 11.4.5 Design Response Spectrum
11.4.6 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Response Spectrum
11.4.7 Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures
169 11.5 Importance Factor and Risk Category
11.5.1 Importance Factor
11.5.2 Protected Access for Risk Category IV
11.6 Seismic Design Category
11.7 Design Requirements for Seismic Design Category A
11.8 Geologic Hazards and Geotechnical Investigation
11.8.1 Site Limitation for Seismic Design Categories E and F
11.8.2 Geotechnical Investigation Report Requirements for Seismic Design Categories C through F
170 11.8.3 Additional Geotechnical Investigation Report Requirements for Seismic Design Categories D through F
11.9 Vertical Ground Motions for Seismic Design
11.9.1 General
11.9.2 MCER Vertical Response Spectrum
171 11.9.3 Design Vertical Response Spectrum
11.10 Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
172 Chapter 12: Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures
12.1 Structural Design Basis
12.1.1 Basic Requirements
“12.1.2 Member Design, Connection Design, and Deformation Limit ”
12.1.3 Continuous Load Path and Interconnection
12.1.4 Connection to Supports
12.1.5 Foundation Design
12.1.6 Material Design and Detailing Requirements
12.2 Structural System Selection
12.2.1 Selection and Limitations
176 12.2.2 Combinations of Framing Systems in Different Directions
12.2.3 Combinations of Framing Systems in the Same Direction
177 12.2.4 Combination Framing Detailing Requirements
12.2.5 System-Specific Requirements
179 “12.3 Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Irregularities, and Redundancy ”
12.3.1 Diaphragm Flexibility
12.3.2 Irregular and Regular Classification
181 12.3.3 Limitations and Additional Requirements for Systems with Structural Irregularities
182 12.3.4 Redundancy
12.4 Seismic Load Effects and Combinations
12.4.1 Applicability
12.4.2 Seismic Load Effect
183 12.4.3 Seismic Load Effects Including Overstrength
12.4.4 Minimum Upward Force for Horizontal Cantilevers for Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.5 Direction of Loading
12.5.1 Direction of Loading Criteria
12.5.2 Seismic Design Category B
184 12.5.3 Seismic Design Category C
12.5.4 Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.6 Analysis Procedure Selection
12.7 Modeling Criteria
12.7.1 Foundation Modeling
12.7.2 Effective Seismic Weight
12.7.3 Structural Modeling
12.7.4 Interaction Effects
185 12.8 Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) Procedure
12.8.1 Seismic Base Shear
12.8.2 Period Determination
186 12.8.3 Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces
12.8.4 Horizontal Distribution of Forces
187 12.8.5 Overturning
12.8.6 Displacement and Drift Determination
188 12.8.7 P-Delta Effects
12.9 Linear Dynamic Analysis
12.9.1 Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
189 12.9.2 Linear Response History Analysis
190 “12.10 Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors ”
12.10.1 Diaphragm Design
191 12.10.2 Collector Elements
“12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions for Diaphragms, Including Chords and Collectors ”
192 12.10.4 Alternative Diaphragm Design Provisions for One-Story Structures with Flexible Diaphragms and Rigid Vertical Elements
194 12.11 Structural Walls and Their Anchorage
12.11.1 Design for Out-of-Plane Forces
12.11.2 Anchorage of Structural Walls and Transfer of Design Forces into Diaphragms or Other Supporting Structural Elements
12.12 Drift and Deformation
12.12.1 Story Drift Limit
12.12.2 Structural Separation
195 12.12.3 Members Spanning between Structures
12.12.4 Deformation Compatibility for Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.13 Foundation Design
12.13.1 Design Basis
12.13.2 Materials of Construction
12.13.3 Foundation Load-Deformation Characteristics
12.13.4 Reduction of Foundation Overturning
196 12.13.5 Strength Design for Foundation Geotechnical Capacity
12.13.6 Allowable Stress Design for Foundation Geotechnical Capacity
12.13.7 Requirements for Structures Assigned to Seismic Design Category C
197 12.13.8 Requirements for Structures Assigned to Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.13.9 Requirements for Foundations Subject to Seismically-Induced Soil Displacement or Strength Loss
199 12.14 Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria for Simple Bearing Wall or Building Frame Systems
12.14.1 General
200 12.14.2 Design Basis
12.14.3 Seismic Load Effects
202 12.14.4 Seismic Force-Resisting System
203 12.14.5 Diaphragm Flexibility
12.14.6 Application of Loading
12.14.7 Design and Detailing Requirements
204 12.14.8 Simplified Lateral Force Analysis Procedure
205 12.15 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
206 Chapter 13: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
13.1 General
13.1.1 Scope
13.1.2 Seismic Design Category
13.1.3 Component Importance Factor
13.1.4 Exemptions
13.1.5 Premanufactured Modular Mechanical and Electrical Systems
13.1.6 Application of Nonstructural Component Requirements to Nonbuilding Structures
13.1.7 Reference Documents
13.1.8 Reference Documents Using Allowable Stress Design
207 13.2 General Design Requirements
“13.2.1 Applicable Requirements for Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical Components, Supports, and Attachments ”
13.2.2 Load Combinations
13.2.3 Special Certification Requirements for Designated Seismic Systems
208 13.2.4 Consequential Damage
13.2.5 Flexibility
13.2.6 Testing Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination
13.2.7 Experience Data Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination
13.2.8 Construction Documents
13.2.9 Supported Nonstructural Components with Greater than or Equal to 20% Combined Weight
13.3 Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
13.3.1 Horizontal Seismic Design Forces
210 13.3.2 Seismic Relative Displacements
211 13.3.3 Component Period
13.4 Nonstructural Component Anchorage and Attachment
13.4.1 Design Force in the Attachment
13.4.2 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry
13.4.3 Installation Conditions
13.4.4 Multiple Attachments
13.4.5 Power-Actuated Fasteners
13.4.6 Friction Clips
13.5 Architectural Components
13.5.1 General.
212 13.5.2 Forces and Displacements
13.5.3 Exterior Nonstructural Wall Elements and Connections
213 13.5.4 Glass
13.5.5 Out-of-Plane Bending
13.5.6 Suspended Ceilings
214 13.5.7 Access Floors
13.5.8 Partitions
“13.5.9 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts, and Glazed Partitions ”
215 13.5.10 Egress Stairs and Ramps
13.5.11 Penthouses and Rooftop Structures
13.6 Mechanical and Electrical Components
13.6.1 General
217 13.6.2 Mechanical Components
13.6.3 Electrical Components
218 13.6.4 Component Supports
“13.6.5 Distribution Systems: Conduit, Cable Tray, and Raceways ”
219 13.6.6 Distribution Systems: Duct Systems
13.6.7 Distribution Systems: Piping and Tubing Systems
220 13.6.8 Distribution Systems: Trapezes with a Combination of Systems
13.6.9 Utility and Service Lines
13.6.10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels
221 13.6.11 Elevator and Escalator Design Requirements
13.6.12 Rooftop Solar Panels
13.6.13 Other Mechanical and Electrical Components
222 13.7 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
224 Chapter 14: Material-Specific Seismic Design and Detailing Requirements
14.0 Scope
14.1 Steel
14.1.1 Reference Documents
14.1.2 Structural Steel
14.1.3 Cold-Formed Steel
14.1.4 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction
225 14.1.5 Cold-Formed Steel Deck Diaphragms
14.1.6 Concrete-Filled Steel Deck Diaphragms
14.1.7 Open Web Steel Joists and Joist Girders
14.1.8 Steel Cables
14.1.9 Additional Detailing Requirements for Steel Piles in Seismic Design Categories D through F
14.2 Concrete
14.2.1 Reference Documents
14.2.2 Modifications to ACI 318
226 14.3 Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
14.3.1 Reference Documents
14.3.2 General
14.3.3 Seismic Requirements for Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
14.3.4 Metal-Cased Concrete Piles
14.4 Masonry
14.4.1 Reference Documents
14.4.2 R Factors
14.4.3 Modifications to Chapter 7 of TMS 402
14.4.4 Modifications to Chapter 6 of TMS 402
14.4.5 Modifications to Chapter 9 of TMS 402
227 14.4.6 Modifications to Chapter 12 of TMS 402
14.5 Wood
14.5.1 Reference Documents
14.6 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
228 Chapter 15: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures
15.1 General
15.1.1 Nonbuilding Structures
15.1.2 Design
15.1.3 Structural Analysis Procedure Selection
15.1.4 Nonbuilding Structures Sensitive to Vertical Ground Motions
229 15.2 Nonbuilding Structures Connected by Nonstructural Components to other Adjacent Structures
15.2.1 General Requirements
15.2.2 Nonstructural Components Spanning between Nonbuilding Structures
15.3 Nonbuilding Structures Supported by Other Structures
15.3.1 Supported Nonbuilding Structures with Less Than 20% of Combined Weight
15.3.2 Supported Nonbuilding Structures with Greater Than or Equal to 20% of Combined Weight
230 15.3.3 Nonstructural Components Supported by Nonbuilding Structures
15.4 Structural Design Requirements
15.4.1 Design Basis
233 15.4.2 Rigid Nonbuilding Structures
15.4.3 Loads
15.4.4 Fundamental Period
15.4.5 Drift Limit
15.4.6 P-Delta
“15.4.7 Drift, Deflection, and Structure Separation ”
15.4.8 Site-Specific Response Spectra
234 15.4.9 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry
15.4.10 Requirements for Nonbuilding Structure Foundations on Liquefiable Sites
15.4.11 Material Requirements
15.5 Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings
15.5.1 General
15.5.2 Pipe Racks
15.5.3 Storage Racks
236 15.6 General Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures not Similar to Buildings
15.6.1 Earth-Retaining Structures
“15.6.2 Trussed Towers, Chimneys, and Stacks ”
15.6.3 Amusement Structures
15.6.4 Special Hydraulic Structures
15.6.5 Secondary Containment Systems
237 15.6.6 Telecommunication Towers
15.6.7 Steel Tubular Support Structures for Onshore Wind Turbine Generator Systems
15.6.8 Ground-Supported Cantilever Walls or Fences
15.6.9 Reinforced Concrete Tabletop Structure for Rotating Equipment and Process Vessels or Drums
15.6.10 Steel Lighting System Support Pole Structures
15.7 Tanks and Vessels
15.7.1 General
15.7.2 Design Basis
238 15.7.3 Strength and Ductility
15.7.4 Flexibility of Piping Attachments
239 15.7.5 Anchorage
15.7.6 Ground-Supported Storage Tanks for Liquids
242 15.7.7 Water Storage and Water Treatment Tanks and Vessels
243 15.7.8 Petrochemical and Industrial Tanks and Vessels Storing Liquids
15.7.9 Ground-Supported Storage Tanks for Granular Materials
15.7.10 Elevated Tanks and Vessels for Liquids and Granular Materials
244 15.7.11 Boilers and Pressure Vessels
245 15.7.12 Liquid and Gas Spheres
246 15.7.13 Refrigerated Gas Liquid Storage Tanks and Vessels
“15.7.14 Horizontal, Saddle-Supported Vessels for Liquid or Vapor Storage ”
15.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
248 Chapter 16: Nonlinear Response History Analysis
16.1 General Requirements
16.1.1 Scope
16.1.2 Linear Analysis
16.1.3 Vertical Response Analysis
16.1.4 Documentation
16.2 Ground Motions
16.2.1 Target Response Spectrum
249 16.2.2 Ground Motion Selection
16.2.3 Ground Motion Modification
16.2.4 Application of Ground Motions to the Structural Model
250 16.3 Modeling and Analysis
16.3.1 Modeling
16.3.2 Gravity Load
16.3.3 P-Delta Effects
16.3.4 Torsion
16.3.5 Damping
16.3.6 Explicit Foundation Modeling
16.4 Analysis Results and Acceptance Criteria
16.4.1 Global Acceptance Criteria
16.4.2 Element-Level Acceptance Criteria
251 16.5 Design Review
16.5.1 Reviewer Qualifications
16.5.2 Review Scope
16.6 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
252 Chapter 17: Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures
17.1 General
17.1.1 Definitions
17.1.2 Symbols
253 17.2 General Design Requirements
17.2.1 Importance Factor
254 17.2.2 Configuration
17.2.3 Redundancy
17.2.4 Isolation System
17.2.5 Structural System
255 17.2.6 Elements of Structures and Nonstructural Components
17.2.7 Seismic Load Effects and Load Combinations
17.2.8 Isolation System Properties
257 17.3 Seismic Hazard
17.3.1 Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters and Response Spectrum
17.3.2 Ground Motions for Response History Analysis
17.4 Analysis Procedure Selection
17.4.1 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
17.4.2 Dynamic Procedures
17.5 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
17.5.1 General
17.5.2 Deformation Characteristics of the Isolation System
17.5.3 Minimum Lateral Displacements Required for Design
258 17.5.4 Minimum Lateral Forces Required for Design
259 17.5.6 Drift Limits
17.6 Dynamic Analysis Procedures
17.6.1 General
17.6.2 Modeling
260 17.6.3 Description of Procedures
17.6.4 Minimum Lateral Displacements and Forces
261 17.7 Design Review
17.8 Testing
262 17.8.1 General
17.8.2 Prototype Tests
17.8.3 Determination of Force-Deflection Characteristics
17.8.4 Test Specimen Adequacy
263 17.8.5 Production Tests
17.9 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
264 Chapter 18: Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems
18.1 General
18.1.1 Scope
18.1.2 Definitions
18.1.3 Symbols
266 18.2 General Design Requirements
18.2.1 System Requirements
267 18.2.2 Seismic Hazard
18.2.3 Procedure Selection
18.2.4 Damping System
268 18.3 Nonlinear Response History Procedure
269 18.3.1 Damping Device Modeling
18.3.2 Accidental Mass Eccentricity
18.3.3 Response Parameters
18.4 Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Response History Procedure
18.4.1 Seismic Force-Resisting System
18.4.2 Damping System
18.4.3 Combination of Load Effects
18.4.4 Acceptance Criteria for the Response Parameters of Interest
18.5 Design Review
18.6 Testing
18.6.1 General
270 18.6.2 Prototype Tests
271 18.6.3 Production Tests
272 18.7 Alternate Procedures and Corresponding Acceptance Criteria
18.7.1 Response Spectrum Procedure
274 18.7.2 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
277 18.7.3 Damped Response Modification
278 18.7.4 Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for RSA and ELF Procedures
279 18.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
280 Chapter 19: Soil-Structure Interaction for Seismic Design
19.1 General
19.1.1 Scope
19.1.2 Definitions
19.1.3 Symbols
281 19.2 SSI Adjusted Structural Demands
19.2.1 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
282 19.2.2 Linear Dynamic Analysis
19.2.3 Nonlinear Response History Procedure
19.3 Foundation Damping Effects
19.3.1 Foundation Damping Requirements
283 19.3.2 Effective Damping Ratio
19.3.3 Radiation Damping for Rectangular Foundations
284 19.3.4 Radiation Damping for Circular Foundations
19.3.5 Soil Damping
19.4 Base Slab Averaging and Embedment (Kinematic) SSI Effects
285 19.4.1 Base Slab Averaging
19.4.2 Embedment
19.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
286 Chapter 20: Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design
20.1 Site Classification
20.2 Site Class Definitions
20.2.1 Site Class F
20.2.2 Soft Clay Site Class E
“20.2.3 Site Classes C, CD, D, DE, and E ”
20.2.4 Site Classes B and BC (Medium Hard and Soft Rock)
20.2.5 Site Class A (Hard Rock)
287 20.3 Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Profiles
20.4 Definitions of Site Class Parameters
“20.4.1 ¯vs, Average Shear Wave Velocity ”
20.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
288 Chapter 21: Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design
21.1 Site Response Analysis
21.1.1 Base Ground Motions
21.1.2 Site Condition Modeling
21.1.3 Site Response Analysis and Computed Results
21.2 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Hazard Analysis
21.2.1 Probabilistic (MCER) Ground Motions
289 21.2.2 Deterministic (MCER) Ground Motions
21.2.3 Site-Specific MCER Response Spectrum
21.3 Design Response Spectrum
290 21.4 Design Acceleration Parameters
21.5 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG) Peak Ground Acceleration
21.5.1 Probabilistic MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration
21.5.2 Deterministic MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration
21.5.3 Site-Specific MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration PGAM
21.6 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
292 Chapter 22: Seismic Ground Motion and Long-Period Transition Maps
22.1 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
314 Chapter 23: Seismic Design Reference Documents
23.1 Consensus Standards and Other Reference Documents
318 Chapter 24: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
320 Chapter 25: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
322 Chapter 26: Wind Loads: General Requirements
26.1 Procedures
26.1.1 Scope
26.1.2 Permitted Procedures
26.1.3 Performance-Based Procedures
26.2 Definitions
324 26.3 Symbols
326 26.4 General
26.4.1 Sign Convention
26.4.2 Critical Load Condition
26.4.3 Wind Pressures Acting on Opposite Faces of Each Building Surface
26.5 Wind Hazard Map
26.5.1 Basic Wind Speed
335 26.5.2 Special Wind Regions
26.5.3 Estimation of Basic Wind Speeds from Regional Climatic Data
26.6 Wind Directionality Factor
26.7 Exposure
26.7.1 Wind Directions and Sectors
26.7.2 Surface Roughness Categories
26.7.3 Exposure Categories
336 26.7.4 Exposure Requirements
26.8 Topographic Effects
“26.8.1 Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges, and Escarpments ”
26.8.2 Topographic Factor
26.9 Ground Elevation Factor
26.10 Velocity Pressure
26.10.1 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
26.10.2 Velocity Pressure
338 26.11 Gust Effects
26.11.1 Gust-Effect Factor
26.11.2 Frequency Determination
26.11.3 Approximate Natural Frequency
339 26.11.4 Rigid Buildings or Other Structures
26.11.5 Flexible Buildings or Other Structures
340 26.11.6 Rational Analysis
26.11.7 Limitations
26.12 Enclosure Classification
26.12.1 General
26.12.2 Openings
26.12.3 Protection of Glazed Openings
26.13 Internal Pressure Coefficients
“26.13.1 Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, Ri ”
341 26.14 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
342 Chapter 27: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
27.1 Scope
27.1.1 Building Types
27.1.2 Conditions
27.1.3 Limitations
27.1.4 Shielding
27.1.5 Minimum Design Wind Loads
27.2 General Requirements
27.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
27.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
“27.3.1 Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and Partially Open Rigid and Flexible Buildings ”
347 “27.3.2 Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs ”
27.3.3 Roof Overhangs
27.3.4 Parapets
353 27.3.5 Design Wind Load Cases
27.4 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
354 Chapter 28: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Envelope Procedure)
28.1 Scope
28.1.1 Building Types
28.1.2 Conditions
28.1.3 Limitations
28.1.4 Shielding
28.2 General Requirements
28.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
355 28.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
28.3.1 Design Wind Pressure for Low-Rise Buildings
28.3.2 Load Cases
28.3.3 Total Horizontal Load
28.3.4 Parapets
28.3.5 Roof Overhangs
28.3.6 Minimum Design Wind Loads
28.3.7 Horizontal Wind Loads on Open or Partially Enclosed Buildings with Transverse Frames and Pitched Roofs
358 28.4 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
360 Chapter 29: Wind Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
29.1 Scope
29.1.1 Structure Types
29.1.2 Conditions
29.1.3 Limitations
29.1.4 Shielding
361 29.2 General Requirements
29.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
29.3 Design Wind Loads: Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
29.3.1 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Freestanding Signs
29.3.2 Solid Attached Signs
29.4 Design Wind Loads: Other Structures
29.4.1 Rooftop Structures and Equipment for Buildings
365 “29.4.2 Design Wind Loads: Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h ≤ 120 ft (h ≤ 36.5 m), D ≤ 120 ft (D ≤ 36.5 m), and 0.25 ≤ HD ≤ 4 ”
366 29.4.3 Rooftop Solar Panels for Buildings of All Heights with Flat Roofs or Gable or Hip Roofs with Slopes Less Than 7 Degrees
370 29.4.4 Rooftop Solar Panels Parallel to the Roof Surface on Buildings of All Heights and Roof Slopes
371 29.4.5 Ground-Mounted Fixed-Tilt Solar Panel Systems
372 29.5 Parapets
29.6 Roof Overhangs
29.7 Minimum Design Wind Loading
29.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
376 Chapter 30: Wind Loads: Components and Cladding
30.1 Scope
30.1.1 Building Types
30.1.2 Conditions
30.1.3 Limitations
30.1.4 Shielding
30.1.5 Air-Permeable Cladding
30.2 General Requirements
30.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
30.2.2 Minimum Design Wind Pressures
30.2.3 Tributary Areas Greater than 700 ft2 (65 m2)
30.2.4 External Pressure Coefficients
377 30.3 Building Types
30.3.1 Conditions
30.3.2 Design Wind Pressures
379 30.4 Building Types
30.4.1 Conditions
30.4.2 Design Wind Pressures
394 30.5 Building Types
30.5.1 Conditions
30.5.2 Design Wind Pressures
30.6 Parapets
396 30.7 Roof Overhangs
401 30.8 Rooftop Structures and Equipment for Buildings
30.9 Attached Canopies on Buildings
402 “30.10 Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h ? 120ft (h ? 36.6m) ”
30.10.1 Design Wind Pressure
“30.10.2 External Walls of Isolated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks ”
406 “30.10.3 Internal Surface of Exterior Walls of Isolated Open-Topped Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks ”
“30.10.4 Roofs of Isolated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks ”
“30.10.5 Undersides of Isolated Elevated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks ”
“30.10.6 Roofs and Walls of Grouped Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks ”
30.11 Rooftop Solar Panels for Buildings of all Heights with Flat Roofs or Gable or Hip Roofs with Slopes Less Than 7 Degrees
30.12 Roof Pavers for Buildings of all Heights with Roof Slopes Less Than or Equal to 7 Degrees
30.13 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
412 Chapter 31: Wind Tunnel Procedure
31.1 Scope
31.2 Test Conditions
31.3 Dynamic Response
“31.4 Site Specific Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components ”
31.4.1 Mean Recurrence Intervals of Load Effects
31.4.2 Limitations on Wind Speeds
31.4.3 Wind Directionality
31.4.4 Limitations on Loads
413 31.4.5 Limitations on Wind Loads for Ground-Mounted Fixed-Tilt Solar Panel Systems
“31.5 Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components Used at Multiple Sites ”
31.5.1 Wind Loads
31.5.2 Limitations on Wind Loads for Rooftop Solar Panels
“31.5.3 Peer Review Requirements for Wind Tunnel Tests of Buildings, Other Structures, and Components used at Multiple Sites ”
31.6 Peer Review Requirement for Wind Tunnel Tests
31.7 Wind-Borne Debris
31.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
414 Chapter 32: Tornado Loads
32.1 PROCEDURES
32.1.1 Scope
32.1.2 Permitted Procedures
32.1.3 Performance-Based Procedures
32.2 DEFINITIONS
415 32.3 SYMBOLS AND NOTATION
32.4 GENERAL
32.4.1 Sign Convention
32.4.2 Critical Load Condition
32.5 TORNADO HAZARD MAPS
32.5.1 Tornado Speed
417 32.5.2 Design for Tornado Loads Not Required
32.5.3 Direction of Tornadic Wind
32.5.4 Effective Plan Area
418 32.6 TORNADO DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR
32.7 TORNADO EXPOSURE
32.8 TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR
32.9 GROUND ELEVATION FACTOR
32.10 TORNADO VELOCITY PRESSURE
32.10.1 Tornado Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
32.10.2 Tornado Velocity Pressure
32.11 TORNADO GUST EFFECTS
32.11.1 Tornado Gust-Effect Factor
32.11.2 Limitations
32.12 TORNADO ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION
32.12.1 General
32.12.2 Openings
32.12.3 Protection of Glazed Openings
32.13 TORNADO INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
452 “32.13.1 Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, Ri ”
32.14 TORNADO EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
32.15 TORNADO LOADS ON BUILDINGS: MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM
“32.15.1 Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and Partially Open Buildings ”
“32.15.2 Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs ”
453 32.15.3 Roof Overhangs
32.15.4 Parapets
32.15.5 Design Load Cases
32.16 TORNADO LOADS ON BUILDING APPURTENANCES AND OTHER STRUCTURES: MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM
32.16.1 General Requirements
32.16.2 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
32.16.3 Other Structures
454 32.17 TORNADO LOADS: COMPONENTS AND CLADDING
32.17.1 Low-Rise Buildings
32.17.2 Buildings with h > 60 ft (h > 18.3 m)
455 32.17.3 Open Buildings
32.17.4 Building Appurtenances and Rooftop Structures and Equipment
32.17.5 Nonbuilding Structures
456 32.18 TORNADO LOADS: WIND TUNNEL PROCEDURE
32.19 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
458 APPENDIX A: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
460 APPENDIX B: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
462 Appendix C: Serviceability Considerations
C.1 Serviceability Considerations
“C.2 Deflection, Drift, and Vibration ”
C.2.1 Vertical Deflections
C.2.2 Drift of Walls and Frames
C.2.3 Vibrations
C.3 Design for Long-Term Deflection
C.4 Camber
C.5 Expansion and Contraction
C.6 Durability
464 Appendix D: Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind Load Cases
D.1 Scope
D.2 One- and Two-Story Buildings Meeting the Following Requirements
D.3 Buildings Controlled by Seismic Loading
D.3.1 Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Not Flexible
D.3.2 Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Flexible
D.4 Buildings Classified as Torsionally Regular Under Wind Load
D.5 Buildings with Diaphragms that are Flexible and Designed for Increased Wind Loading
466 Appendix E: Performance-Based Design Procedures for Fire Effects on Structures
E.1 Scope
E.2 Definitions
E.3 General Requirements
E.4 Performance Objectives
E.4.1 Structural Integrity
467 E.4.2 Project-Specific Performance Objectives
E.5 Thermal Analysis of Fire Effects
E.5.1 Fuel Load
E.5.2 Structural Design Fires
E.5.3 Heat Transfer Analysis
E.6 Structural Analysis of Fire Effects
E.6.1 Temperature History for Structural Members and Connections
E.6.2 Temperature-Dependent Properties
E.6.3 Load Combinations
468 Appendix F: Wind Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods
F.1 Scope
F.2 Wind Speeds
476 Appendix G: Tornado Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods
G.1 Scope
G.2 Tornado Speeds
542 Commentary to Standard ASCE/SEI 7-22
544 Chapter C1: General
C1.1 Scope
C1.3 Basic Requirements
550 C1.4 General Structural Integrity
552 C1.5 Classification of Buildings and Other Structures
555 C1.6 In Situ Load Tests
References
556 Other References (not cited)
558 Chapter C2: Combinations of Loads
C2.1 General
C2.2 Symbols
C2.3 Load Combinations for Strength Design
562 C2.4 Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design
564 C2.5 Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events
565 References
566 Other References (not cited)
568 “Chapter C3: Dead Loads, Soil Loads, and Hydrostatic Pressure ”
C3.1 Dead Loads
C3.2 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure
575 C3.3 Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
References
576 Chapter C4: Live Loads
C4.3 Uniformly Distributed Live Loads
578 C4.4 Concentrated Live Loads
“C4.5 Loads on Handrail, Guard, Grab Bar, and Vehicle Barrier Systems, and on Shower Seats and Fixed Ladders ”
579 C4.6 Impact Loads
C4.7 Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
581 C4.8 Reduction in Roof Live Loads
C4.9 Crane Loads
C4.10 Garages and Vehicular Floor Loads
582 C4.11 Helipad Loads
C4.13 Library Stack Rooms
C4.14 Seating for Assembly Uses
C4.17 Solar Panel Loads
References
584 Chapter C5: Flood Loads
C5.1 General
C5.2 Definitions
585 C5.3 design requirements
C5.4 Loads During Flooding
592 Chapter C6: Tsunami Loads and Effects
C6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
600 C6.2 Definitions
602 C6.3 Symbols and Notation
C6.4 TSUNAMI RISK CATEGORIES
604 C6.5 ANALYSIS OF DESIGN INUNDATION DEPTH AND FLOW VELOCITY
608 C6.6 INUNDATION DEPTHS AND FLOW VELOCITIES BASED ON RUNUP
612 C6.7 INUNDATION DEPTHS AND FLOW VELOCITIES BASED ON SITESPECIFIC PROBABILISTIC TSUNAMI HAZARD ANALYSIS
617 C6.8 STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR TSUNAMI EFFECTS
623 C6.9 HYDROSTATIC LOADS
624 C6.10 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS
630 C6.11 DEBRIS IMPACT LOADS
634 C6.12 FOUNDATION DESIGN
641 C6.13 STRUCTURAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR TSUNAMI LOADING
642 C6.14 TSUNAMI VERTICAL EVACUATION REFUGE STRUCTURES
643 C6.15 DESIGNATED NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS
C6.16 NONBUILDING TSUNAMI RISK CATEGORY III AND IV STRUCTURES
REFERENCES
650 Chapter C7: Snow Loads
C7.1 Definitions and Symbols
“C7.2 Ground Snow Loads, pg ”
652 “C7.3 Flat Roof Snow Loads, pf ”
653 “C7.4 Sloped Roof Snow Loads, ps ”
654 C7.5 Partial Loading
655 C7.6 Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads
C7.7 Drifts on Lower Roofs (Aerodynamic Shade)
659 C7.8 Roof Projections and Parapets
C7.9 Sliding Snow
660 C7.10 Rain-on-Snow Surcharge Load
C7.11 Ponding Instability
C7.12 Existing Roofs
C7.13 Snow on Open-Frame Equipment Structures
661 C7.14 ALTERNATE PROCEDURE
663 REFERENCES
666 Chapter C8: Rain Loads
C8.1 Definitions and Symbols
C8.2 DESIGN RAIN LOADS
672 C8.3 Bays with Low Slope
674 C8.4 Drainage to Existing Roofs
REFERENCES
676 Chapter C9: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
678 Chapter C10: Ice Loads – Atmospheric Icing
C10.1 General
679 C10.2 Definitions
681 C10.4 Ice Loads Caused By Freezing Rain
683 C10.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Structures
684 C10.6 Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain
C10.7 Partial Loading
REFERENCES
688 Chapter C11: Seismic Design Criteria
C11.1 General
689 C11.2 Definitions
693 C11.3 Symbols
694 C11.4 Seismic Ground Motion Values
696 C11.5 Importance Factor and Risk Category
697 C11.6 Seismic Design Category
698 C11.7 Design Requirements for Seismic Design Category A
C11.8 Geologic Hazards and Geotechnical Investigation
700 C11.9 Vertical Ground Motions for Seismic Design
701 REFERENCES
702 OTHER REFERENCES (NOT CITED)
704 Chapter C12: Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures
C12.1 Structural Design Basis
707 C12.2 Structural System Selection
712 “C12.3 Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Irregularities, and Redundancy ”
718 C12.4 Seismic Load Effects and Combinations
720 C12.5 Direction of Loading
721 C12.6 Analysis Procedure Selection
722 C12.7 Modeling Criteria
724 C12.8 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
734 C12.9 Linear Dynamic Analysis
739 “C12.10 Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors ”
755 C12.11 Structural Walls and Their Anchorage
756 C12.12 Drift and Deformation
758 C12.13 Foundation Design
765 C12.14 Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria for Simple Bearing
770 Chapter C13: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
C13.1 General
775 C13.2 General Design Requirements
778 C13.3 Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
783 C13.4 Nonstructural Component Anchorage
785 C13.5 Architectural Components
792 C13.6 Mechanical and Electrical Components
802 Chapter C14: Material-specific seismic design and detailing requirements
C14.0 Scope
C14.1 Steel
804 C14.2 Concrete
C14.3 Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
805 C14.4 Masonry
C14.5 Wood
808 Chapter C15: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures
C15.1 General
812 C15.2 Nonbuilding Structures Connected by Nonstructural Components to Other Adjacent Structures
813 C15.3 Nonbuilding Structures Supported by Other Structures
814 C15.4 Structural Design Requirements
817 C15.5 Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings
819 C15.6 General Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures not Similar to Buildings
822 C15.7 Tanks and Vessels
835 C15.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
838 Chapter C16: Nonlinear Response History Analysis
C16.1 General Requirements
839 C16.2 Ground Motions
843 C16.3 Modeling and Analysis
854 Chapter C17: Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures
C17.1 General
855 C17.2 General Design Requirements
863 C17.3 Seismic Hazard
C17.4 Analysis Procedure Selection
C17.5 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
868 C17.6 Dynamic Analysis Procedures
870 C17.7 Design Review
C17.8 Testing
876 Chapter C18: Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems
C18.1 General
C18.2 General Design Requirements
880 C18.3 Nonlinear Response History Procedure
C18.4 Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Response History Procedure
881 C18.5 Design Review
C18.6 Testing
882 C18.7 Alternate Procedures and Corresponding Acceptance Criteria
886 Chapter C19: Soil-Structure Interaction for Seismic Design
C19.1 General
887 C19.2 SSI Adjusted Structural Demands
888 C19.3 Foundation Damping Effects
890 C19.4 Base Slab Averaging and Embedment (Kinematic) SSI Effects
892 Chapter C20: Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design
C20.1 Site Classification
C20.2 Site Class Definitions
893 C20.3 Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Profiles
894 C20.4 Definitions of Site Class Parameters
896 Chapter C21: Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design
C21.1 Site Response Analysis
897 C21.2 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Hazard Analysis
899 C21.3 Design Response Spectrum
C21.4 Design Acceleration Parameters
900 C21.5 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG) Peak Ground Acceleration
902 Chapter C22: Seismic Ground Motion Long-Period Transition Maps
914 Chapter C23: Seismic Design Reference Documents
916 Chapter C24: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
918 Chapter C25: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
920 Chapter C26: Wind Loads: General Requirements
C26.1 Procedures
922 C26.2 Definitions
923 C26.3 Symbols
C26.4 General
C26.5 Wind Hazard Map
932 C26.6 Wind Directionality Factor
C26.7 Exposure
935 C26.8 Topographic Effects
937 C26.9 Ground Elevation Factor
C26.10 Velocity Pressure
942 C26.11 Gust Effects
948 C26.12 Enclosure Classification
949 C26.13 Internal Pressure Coefficients
956 Chapter C27: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
C27.1 Scope
C27.2 General Requirements
C27.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
962 Chapter C28: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Envelope Procedure)
C28.2 General Requirements
C28.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
968 Chapter C29: Wind Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
C29.3 Design Wind Loads: Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
969 C29.4 Design Wind Loads: Other Structures
972 C29.5 Parapets
974 C29.7 Minimum Design Wind Loading
976 Chapter C30: Wind Loads: Components and Cladding
C30.1 Scope
978 C30.3 Building Types
982 C30.5 Building Types
C30.9 Attached Canopies on Buildings
983 “C30.10 Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h ≤ 120 ft (36.5m) ”
984 C30.12 Roof Pavers for Buildings of All Heights with Roof Slopes Less Than Or Equal to 7 Degrees
988 Chapter C31: Wind Tunnel Procedure
989 “C31.4 Site Specific Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components ”
990 “C31.5 Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components Used at Multiple Sites ”
992 Chapter C32: Tornado Loads
C32.1 Procedures
994 C32.3 Symbols and Notation
C32.5 Tornado Hazard Maps
997 C32.6 Tornado Directionality Factor
998 C32.7 Tornado Exposure
C32.8 Topographic Factor
C32.9 Ground Elevation Factor
C32.10 Tornado Velocity Pressure
999 C32.11 Tornado Gust Effects
1000 C32.12 Tornado Enclosure Classification
C32.13 Tornado Internal Pressure Coefficients
1001 C32.14 Tornado External Pressure Coefficients
C32.15 Tornado Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System
1002 C32.16 Tornado Loads On Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System
C32.17 Tornado Loads: Components and Cladding
1003 C32.18 Tornado Loads: Wind Tunnel Procedure
1006 APPENDIX CA: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
1008 APPENDIX CB: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
1010 Appendix CC: Serviceability Considerations
CC.1 Serviceability Considerations
“CC.2 Deflection, Vibration, and Drift ”
1022 CC.3 Design for Long-Term Deflection
CC.4 Camber
CC.5 Expansion and Contraction
CC.6 Durability
1024 Appendix CD: Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind Load Cases
1026 Appendix CE: Performance-Based Design Procedures for Fire Effects on Structures
CE.1 Scope
CE.2 Definitions
1027 CE.3 General Requirements
CE.4 Performance Objectives
1028 CE.5 Thermal Analysis of Fire Effects
1030 CE.6 Structural Analysis of Fire Effects
1034 Appendix CF: Wind Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods
CF.1 Scope
CF.2 Wind Speeds
1036 Appendix CG: Tornado Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods
CG.1 Scope
CG.2 Tornado Speeds
1038 INDEX

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