ASHRAE 146 11:2011 Edition

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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 146-2011 Methods of Testing and Rating Pool Heaters

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2011	20

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Description

Originally published in 1998, Standard 146 prescribes uniform methods of testing and rating pool heaters and comes under the classification of an ASHRAE Standard Method of Measurement or Test. It applies to all pool heaters operated by gas, oil, or electricity, including heat pumps using ambient air as a heat source.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 146-2011
4	FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard provides methods of testing for heating capacity and energy efficiency. 2.2 This standard applies to heaters operated by gas, oil, or electricity, including heat pumps using ambient air as a heat source. 3. DEFINITIONS 4. CLASSIFICATIONs 5. REQUIREMENTS 6. INSTRUMENTS 6.1 General. Instruments are required for the following measurements with the minimum precision noted. Instruments shall be calibrated at a minimum of once a year. A record shall be kept containing, as a minimum, the date of calibration, the method o… 6.2 Temperature. Temperature-measuring devices and any associated instrumentation systems shall be in accordance with ASNI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1, Standard Method for Temperature Measurement.1 Measurement of water temperature shall be to an accuracy co…
5	6.3 Pressure. Pressure-measuring instruments shall have errors no greater than the following: 6.4 Draft. Draft gauges shall have an accuracy of ±1.2 Pa (0.005 in. of water). Minimum divisions on the draft gauge shall be 1.2 Pa (0.005 in. of water). 6.5 Mass. Measuring instruments shall have an accuracy sufficient to ensure an error no greater than 1.0% of the total mass measured. 6.6 Time. Timing instruments shall have an error no greater than ±0.5 s/h. 6.7 Electrical Instruments 6.8 Higher Heating Value. Devices used to measure the higher heating value of either natural gas, propane, or fuel oil shall have an error no greater than ±1.0%. 6.9 Water Flow. A flowmeter may be used instead of a tank and scale for determining water flow rate and quantity. Conversion to mass of water, where required, shall be based upon the specific volume listed in the ASHRAE Handbook— Fundamentals, Chap… 6.10 Combustion Products. Instruments used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide shall have an error no greater than ±2.5% of the reading. 6.11 Smoke. Smoke-measuring instruments shall comply with requirements for smoke meters as outlined in ASTM- D2156, Test Method for Smoke Density in the Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels.3 7. APPARATUS 7.1 Test Platform. The equipment to be tested shall be installed in the test room in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions using recommended installation procedures and accessories. In all cases, the manufacturer’s recommen… 7.2 Water Piping. Water piping shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Unions may be used to facilitate installation and removal of the piping arrangements. 7.3 Thermocouple Locations
6	Figure 1a Plumbing layout and location of water temperature measurements (heat pump pool heaters). Figure 1b Plumbing layout and location of water temperature measurements (gas, oil, and electric resistance pool heaters).
7	Figure 2 Flue configuration and thermocouple grid (gas pool heaters).
8	7.4 Flue Requirements 7.5 Fuel or Energy Consumption Measurement. Install one or more instruments that measure, as appropriate, the quantity and rate of electrical energy, natural gas, LP gas, and fuel oil consumed by the pool heater. 7.6 Water Supply. The water supply shall be capable of delivering water at the conditions specified in Section 8.3. 8. METHODS OF TESTING 8.1 General. The pool heater shall be installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions unless specifically required otherwise by the test method. The pool heater shall be equipped with the apparatus described in Section 7, … 8.2 Energy Supply 8.3 Water Supply. Water temperatures and flow rates shall be as shown in Table 1, and the flow rate shall be maintained throughout the test at ±2%. 8.4 Test Room Ambient Condition. For heat pump pool heaters, maintain the dry-bulb temperature at 27°C (80.6°F) and the wet-bulb temperature at 21.5°C (70.7°F) for high air temperature, mid-humidity (62% relative humidity) tests; maintain the dry… 8.5 Power Input Adjustment
9	Figure 3 Flue configuration and thermocouple grid (oil pool heaters). 8.6 Ratings for Models Not Tested. Where there is similarity in design between different models of pool heaters that will not significantly affect the performance, ratings for untested models may be established based upon test results obtained for a …
10	TABLE 1 Water Temperatures and Flow Rates TABLE 2 Test Tolerances 9. TEST PROCEDURES 9.1 Primary Test
11	9.2 Verification Test. A verification test is not required. However, see Informative Appendix C for a suggested verification test, if desired. 10. DATA TO BE RECORDED 11. CALCULATION OF RESULTS 11.1 Thermal Efficiency. From the inlet and outlet water temperatures recorded during the primary test (Section 9.1), calculate the average of the inlet temperatures, Tmi, and the average of the outlet temperatures, Tmo, rounded to the required accur…
12	11.2 Heating Capacity and COP for Heat Pumps. From the inlet and outlet water temperatures during the standard rating tests (see Sections 8.3 and 8.4), calculate the average of the inlet temperature, Tihp, and the average of the outlet temperature, Tohp 11.3 Standby Energy Consumption. From the electric and/or fuel consumption measurements during the standby test (Section 9.1), calculate the energy consumption rate during standby, Ps, in kW (Btu/h) as follows:
13	11.4 Heating Capacity. Calculate the heating capacity by multiplying the rated input by the thermal efficiency or coefficient of performance, rounded to the nearest 0.1%. 12. REFERENCE PROPERTIES 12.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Air. The thermodynamic properties of air-water vapor mixture shall be obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals.2 12.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Water. The thermodynamic properties of water and steam shall be obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals.2 13. REFERENCES INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A CORRECTION FACTOR FOR HEATING VALUE OF FUEL GAS INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B CONCURRENT WATER METER CALIBRATION
14	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C OPTIONAL VERIFICATION TEST C1.1 Refrigerant Properties Measurement. The equipment shall be operated at the desired test conditions, and measurements of the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant entering and leaving the water condenser and entering and leaving the compres… C1.2 Compressor Calibration. The refrigerant flow rate shall be determined from calibration of the compressor at predetermined compressor entering and leaving refrigerant pressures and temperatures by one of the primary test methods in ANSI/ASHRAE St… C1.3 Refrigerant-Side Heating Capacity. The enthalpies of the refrigerant entering and leaving the condenser shall be determined from the exact refrigerant temperatures and pressures obtained during the rating test. The refrigerant-side heating capac… C1.4 Capacity Test Requirements. The results of a capacity test shall quantitatively express the effects produced upon water by the equipment tested. For given test conditions, the capacity test results shall include such of the following quantities … C2.1 Flue Loss. Establish the percent flue loss, Lf, using the sum of the average sensible heat loss at steady-state operation and the average latent heat loss of the test fuel used from Section 11.2.6, “Average Sensible Heat Loss at Steady-State O…
15	C2.2 Condensate Latent Heat Gain. Calculate the latent heat gain due to condensation, expressed as a percent, as C2.3 Condensate Heat Loss. Calculate the heat loss due to condensate going down the drain, expressed as a percent, as C2.4 Jacket Loss. The jacket loss LJ may be assumed to be 2% or may be calculated by the following method. C2.5 Thermal Efficiency. Calculate thermal efficiency using the formula
16	TABLE C1 Convection Coefficients for Vertical and Horizontal Surfaces TABLE C2 Coefficients of Heat Transfer by Radiation for Emissivity of 1.0
17	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D BIBLIOGRAPHY