Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small to Medium Office Buildings is the first in a series designed to provide recommendations for achieving 50% energy savings over the minimum code requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004. The energy savings target of 50% is the next step toward achieving a net zero energy building, which is defined as a building that, on an annual basis, draws from outside resources equal or less energy than it provides using on-site renewable energy sources. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 provides the fixed reference point and serves as a consistent baseline and scale for all of the 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides. This Guide focuses on small to medium office buildings up to 100,000 ft2. Office buildings include a wide range of office types and related activities such as administrative, professional, government, bank or other financial services, and medical offices without medical diagnostic equipment. These facilities typically include all or some of the following space types: open plan and private offices, conference and meeting spaces, corridors and transition areas, lounge and recreation areas, lobbies, active storage areas, restrooms, mechanical and electrical rooms, stairways, and other spaces. This Guide does not cover specialty spaces such as data centers, which are more typical in large office buildings. The specific energy-saving recommendations in this Guide are summarized in a single table for each climate zone and will allow contractors, consulting engineers, architects, and designers to easily achieve advanced levels of energy savings without detailed energy modeling or analyses. In addition, this Guide provides a greater emphasis on integrated design as a necessary component in achieving 50% energy savings and devotes an entire chapter to integrated-design strategies that can be used by teams who do not wish to follow the specific energy-saving recommendations. Those looking for help in implementing the climate-specific recommendations of this Guide will find an expanded section of tips and approaches in the “How to Implement Recommendations” chapter. These tips are cross-referenced with the recommendation tables. The chapter also includes additional “bonus” recommendations that identify opportunities to incorporate greater energy savings into the design of the building. Case studies and technical examples are sprinkled throughout the Guide to illustrate the recommendations and to demonstrate the technologies in real-world applications.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
6	Contents
7	References
9	Sidebars—Case Studies and Technical Examples
10	Acknowledgments
12	Abbreviations and Acronyms
16	Foreword: A Message for Building Owners and Developers
20	Chapter 1 Introduction
21	Goal of this Guide Scope
22	How to Use this Guide Energy Modeling Analysis
23	Achieving 50% Energy Savings
24	References
26	Chapter 2 Integrated Design Process
27	Principles of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
28	Figure 2-1 Traditional Project Design Team Figure 2-2 Integrated Project Design Team
29	Using IPD to Maximize Energy Efficiency Figure 2-3 Key Design Activities for Energy Efficiency
30	Details by Project Phase
32	Chapter 2 Using Psychrometric Charts
35	Figure 2-4 Example of “Cartoon” Diagram Describing Energy-Efficiency Measures
36	Figure 2-5 Graphical Example Showing Comprehensible Scale of Energy Savings
38	References
40	Chapter 3 Integrated Design Strategies Introduction
41	Overview of Design Influences Figure 3-1 Comparison of Baseline to Prescriptive 50% AEDG SolutionShowing Breakdown of Energy Savings Components
42	Building and Site Design Features Climate Features Figure 3-2 Heating and Cooling Influence
43	Figure 3-3 Heating Degree-Days Figure 3-4 Cooling Degree-Days
44	Figure 3-5 Annual Solar Radiation
45	Figure 3-6 Design Dew-Point Temperatures Figure 3-7 Design Wet-Bulb Temperatures
46	Table 3-1 Cities Characterized by Climate Combinations Figure 3-8 U.S. Climate Zone Map
47	Figure 3-9 Medium Office with Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems
48	Building Features Figure 3-10 Medium Office with a VAV System
49	Figure 3-11 Site EUI for Office Buildings
50	Figure 3-12 Annual Solar Radiation by Orientation
51	Figure 3-13 SHGC Multipliers for Permanent Projections
52	Chapter 3 Building Orientation Considerations
53	Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Envelope Table 3-2 Typical Internal Heat Gains for Office Spaces
54	Figure 3-14 Percentage of Total Energy Savings arising from Each End-Use System Figure 3-15 Relative Impact of Energy Savings Strategies
56	Lighting External Shading
57	Additional Benefits of Daylighting
58	Table 3-3 Standard Percentage Assumptions by Space Type (Thornton et al. 2010)
59	Plug Loads Table 3-4 Exterior Lighting Zones
60	Service Water Heating HVAC Systems
62	HVAC Controls Radiant Floor System
63	Quality Assurance Multidisciplinary Coordination for Energy Efficiency Overview
64	Multidisciplinary Recommendations
65	CMTA Office Building—A Case Study
69	The Terry Thomas—A Case Study
73	Table 3-5 Guidance for Improving Energy Efficiency in Perimeter Zonesa
81	Energy-Use Dashboards at ASHRAE Headquarters
82	Use of Energy Modeling as Design Guidance
83	Total Community Options Corporate Headquarters—A Case Study
86	References
90	Chapter 4 Design Strategies and Recommendations by Climate Zone Introduction Climate-Related Design Strategies
91	Hot, Humid Climates (Miami, Houston, Atlanta)
92	Hot, Dry Climates (Phoenix, Los Angeles, Las Vegas)
93	Mild, Humid Climates (Baltimore)
94	Mild, Dry Climates (Albuquerque) Marine Climates (San Francisco, Seattle)
95	Cold, Dry Climates (Denver, Helena)
96	Cold Climates (Chicago, Minneapolis)
97	Climate Zone Recommendations Chapter 4 Bonus Savings
98	Figure 4-1 U.S. Map Showing the DOE Climate Zones (Briggs et al. 2003)
100	Zone 1
103	Zone 2
106	Zone 3
109	Zone 4
112	Zone 5
115	Zone 6
118	Zone 7
121	Zone 8
124	References
126	Chapter 5 How to Implement Recommendations Envelope Opaque Envelope Components Table 5-1 Examples of Cool Roofs
127	Figure 5-1 (EN3) Attics and Other Roofs—(a) Ventilated Attic and (b) Cathedral Ceiling
128	Figure 5-2 (EN4) Prefabricated Metal Roofs Showing Thermal Blocking of Purlins—(a) Filled Cavity; (b) Liner System, One Layer; and (c) Liner System, Two Layers
129	Figure 5-3 (EN5) Example Mass Wall Assembly
130	Figure 5-4 (EN6) Example Steel Frame Assembly Figure 5-5 (EN7) Wood Frame and Other Walls
131	Figure 5-6 (EN8) Metal Building Walls Figure 5-7 (EN9) Below-Grade Walls—(a) Exterior Insulation, (b) Interior Wood Framing, and (c) Interior Steel Framing
132	Figure 5-8 (EN10) Mass Floors—(a) Insulation Above Slab and (b) Insulation Below Slab Figure 5-9 (EN11) Wood-Frame Floors
133	Figure 5-10 (EN12) Slab-on-Grade Floors, Unheated—(a) Perimeter Insulation and (b) Insulation Below the Slab Figure 5-11 (EN13) Slab-on-Grade Floors, Heated
134	Figure 5-12 (EN15) Double Doors with a Center Post
136	Figure 5-13 (EN21) Moisture Control for (a) Mixed Climates and (b) Warm, Humid Climates
137	Figure 5-14 (EN22) Thermal Bridges at Parapets
138	Figure 5-15 (EN22) Thermal Bridges at Foundations
139	Figure 5-16 (EN23) Thermal Break (a) at Window Frame and(b) in Window Frame Aligned with Wall Insulation
140	Vertical Fenestration Table 5-2 Vertical Fenestration Descriptions
141	Window Design Guidelines for Thermal Conditions Figure 5-17 (EN26) Windows with Overhang©
144	Window Design Guidelines for Daylighting
145	References
146	Daylighting General Recommendations Figure 5-18 Daylighting Design Concepts
148	Chapter 5 Daylight Zone Definitions
150	Figure 5-19 (DL7) (a) Raised Ceiling at Façade and (b) Sloped Ceiling at Façade
151	Figure 5-20 (DL8) Clerestory Figure 5-21 (DL9) Borrowed Light in Corridor
152	Figure 5-22 (DL10) Maximized Window Width Figure 5-23 (DL10) Transparent Partitioning Wall Figure 5-24 (DL11) Punched Window Placed next to Partition Wall
153	Protection from Direct Solar Radiation
154	Solar Control
155	Figure 5-25 (DL12) Fixed External Shading in (a and b) Horizontal Configurationand (c) Vertical Configuration
156	Figure 5-26 (DL12) Operable Louvers Located between Glass Panes
157	Table 5-3 Minimum Reflectances
159	Electric Lighting Interior Lighting Figure 5-27 Open Office Space Planning©
161	Choosing Premium T8 Ballasts
162	BEF-P Calculation Table 5-4 4 ft T8 Lamp Efficacy
163	Figure 5-28 (EL9) Occupancy-Sensing Control©
164	ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010 Occupancy Sensor Requirements Automatic Light Levels with Occupancy Sensors ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010 Lighting Control Requirements
166	Recessed High-Performance Lensed Fluorescent Fixtures
167	Figure 5-29 (EL14) Open-Plan Office Layout©
168	Figure 5-30 (EL15) Private Office Layout Figure 5-31 (EL16) Conference Rooms/Meeting Rooms Layout
169	Figure 5-32 (EL17) Corridor Layout
170	Exterior Lighting Figure 5-33 (EL18) Storage Area Layout Figure 5-34 (EL19) Lobby Layout
171	Table 5-5 Exterior Lighting Zones
172	Exterior Lighting
173	References and Resources
174	Plug Loads Equipment and Control Guidelines Table 5-6 Reduction in Equipment Wattage for PL1 and PL2
175	References and Resources
177	Service Water Heating General Recommendations
178	Table 5-7 Electric Water Heater Energy Factors
179	Resources
180	HVAC Systems and Equipment HVAC System Types
182	Table 5-8 Constant-Volume Heat Pump Efficiency Levels*
184	Table 5-9 VAV DX Cooling-Only Equipment Efficiency Levels*
186	Radiant Heating/Cooling System
188	Figure 5-35 (HV10) Examples of DOAS Configurations©
189	HVAC System Considerations Table 5-10 DOAS Cooling and Heating Equipment Efficiencies*
191	Table 5-11 Total System Effectiveness with Energy Recovery
192	Figure 5-36 (HV12) Examples of Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Devices
201	Figure 5-37 (HV33) Typical Noise Paths for Rooftop-Mounted HVAC Units
202	Figure 5-38 (HV33) Typical Noise Paths for Interior-Mounted HVAC Units
203	References and Resources
205	Quality Assurance Overview
208	References and Resources
209	Additional Bonus Savings Daylighting—Toplighting Figure 5-39 (DL22) Rooftop Monitor
210	Figure 5-40 (DL24) Roof Skylight and Space Section
211	Figure 5-41 (DL26) Roof Skylight Section
212	Natural Ventilation Figure 5-42 (DL27) Toplighting Height Differential—South-Facing
213	Renewable Energy
214	Using Solar Energy
216	References Figure 5-43 (RE3) Average Annual Wind Power Estimates
218	Appendix A Envelope Thermal Performance Factors
219	Table A-1 Opaque Construction Options
220	Appendix B International Climatic Zone Definitions Table B-1 International Climatic Zone Definitions
221	Definitions References
222	Appendix C Commissioning Information and Examples Commissioning Scope of Services Introduction
223	Systems Deliverables Schedule
224	Commissioning Tasks
227	Table C-1 Sample Commissioning Scope Matrix—Responsibilities and Schedule
230	Appendix D Early-Phase Energy Balancing Calculations Perimeter Zone Optimization Method
233	Figure D-1 Schematic Design Comparative Envelope Performance Analysis
234	Figure D-2 Schematic Design Comparative Façade Performance Analysis
235	Reference

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2011	236


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Standard Title	ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small to Medium Office Buildings: 50% Energy Savings
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2011
Pages Count	236

ASHRAE AEDG50 SmallMedOffice 2011

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