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ASHRAE Book StructuralandVibrationGuidelines 2008

ASHRAE Book StructuralandVibrationGuidelines 2008

$42.79

Structural and Vibration Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASHRAE 2008 180
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This book discusses datacom equipment as well as a building & trade structure and infrastructure in a holistic way while providing best practices for their design and installation. This book is divided into four main sections. Part 1, Introduction, gives an overview of the best practices in the design of datacom equipment centers, including recommendations for new and renovated building structures, building infrastructure, and datacom equipment. Part 2, Building Structure, covers the design of new and existing structures. In Part 3, Building Infrastructure, the structural considerations of the building & trade infrastructure, raised-access floor systems, and vibration sources and their control are discussed in detail. The last part of this book, Datacom Equipment, covers shock and vibration testing, seismic anchorage systems and analysis of datacom equipment. Table of Contents. Related Items: Best Practices for Datacom Facility Energy Efficiency Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications Design Considerations for Datacom Equipment Centers High Density Data Centers – Case Studies and Best Practices Liquid Cooling Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments Keywords: datacom equipment centers, vibration, structural, infrastructure

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PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Structural and Vibration Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers
6 Contents
10 Acknowledgments
12 Part 1—Introduction and Best Practices
14 Chapter 1—Introduction
1.1 OVerview of this Book
16 1.2 Overview of the Datacom Industry
Table 1.1 Datacom Industry Wide Range of Applications
17 1.3 Overview of ASHRAE Technical Committee 9.9
1.4 Overview of the ASHRAE Datacom Series
18 1.5 Document Flow
1.6 Primary Users for This Document
20 Chapter 2—Best Practices

2.1 Building Structures—New Buildings and Additions
Table 2.1 Best Practices for Building Structures— New Buildings and Additions
21 2.2 Building Structures—Renovations, relocations, and Changes
Table 2.2 Best Practices for Building Structures— Renovations, Relocations, and Changes
22 2.3 Building Infrastructure
2.4 Datacom Equipment
Table 2.3 Best Practices for Building Structures— Building Infrastructure
23 Table 2.4 Best Practices for Building Structures— Datacom Equipment Installation
Table 2.5 Best Practices for Building Structures— Datacom Equipment Design
26 Chapter 3—Building Structures Overview

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Some Basics
28 Figure 3.1 Graphical representation of wind loads on a datacom equipment center.
29 3.3 Submissions to Agencies
30 3.4 Basic Definitions
32 Chapter 4—New Structures

4.1 Initial Investigation
33 4.2 Coordination
4.3 Establish Design Criteria
Table 4.1 Building Structural Design Criteria
35 Figure 4.1 Vertical zoning plan example.
40 Chapter 5—Existing Structures and Additions

5.1 Initial Investigation
41 5.2 Coordination of new with existing structures
43 Table 5.1 Typical Design Live Loads
44 5.3 New Components
45 5.4 Reinforcement of Existing Structure
48 Chapter 6—Types of Building Structures

6.1 Overview
6.2 Pre-engineered Metal Buildings
49 Figure 6.1 Pre-engineered metal building frame.
6.3 Braced Frame or Shear wall-Type Structures
50 Figure 6.2 Concentrically braced frame using X-bracing.
Figure 6.3 Concentrically braced frame using diagonal bracing.
Figure 6.4 Concentrically braced frame using K-bracing.
51 Figure 6.5 Concentrically braced frame using chevron bracing.
Figure 6.6 Eccentrically braced frame using diagonal bracing with link beams.
Figure 6.7 Shear wall.
52 6.4 Moment Resisting Frame Systems
6.5 Combination of Framing Systems
Figure 6.8 Moment resisting frame.
56 Chapter 7—Building Infrastructure Overview

7.1 Overview
7.2 Interior Building Infrastructure
57 Table 7.1 Some Infrastructure Elements
Table 7.2 Some Mechanical Equipment Loads
58 Table 7.3 Some Electrical Equipment Loads
7.3 Exterior Building Infrastructure
59 Figure 7.1 Piping suspended from an overhead structure.
Figure 7.2 Generator on above-grade floor slab.
60 Figure 7.3 Piping within a centralized cooling plant.
Figure 7.4 DC plant batteries.
61 Figure 7.5 Electrical distribution equipment.
Figure 7.6 Water-cooled chiller.
62 Figure 7.7 Overview of the building infrastructure exterior to a datacom facility.
63 Figure 7.8 Air-cooled chillers located on grade.
Figure 7.9 Air-cooled chillers located on structural platform above roof.
64 Figure 7.10 Drycooler located on roof.
Figure 7.11 Cooling towers on structural platform.
65 Figure 7.12 Standby generators located on grade.
66 Chapter 8—Structural Considerations for Infrastructure

8.1 Overview
8.2 Support
67 Figure 8.1 Building infrastructure suspended from a structure above.
Figure 8.2 Building infrastructure supported from floor slab.
68 8.3 Anchoring
69 Figure 8.3 CRAC unit floor stand.
70 8.4 Infrastructure Expansion/Contraction
Figure 8.4 Typical thermal expansion loop.
71 Figure 8.5 Bellows-type mechanical expansion joint.
72 Chapter 9—Raised-Access Floor Systems

9.1 Overview
9.2 raised-access floor Components
73 Figure 9.1 RAF understructure. Reproduced with permission from Tate (2003).
74 9.3 Raised-Access Floor Structure Design Guidelines
76 Figure 9.2 Standard RAF understructure with cantilevered fixed-base pedestals being installed.
Figure 9.3 Braced RAF understructure.
77 9.4 Seismic Performance of raised-access floors
82 Chapter 10—Vibration Sources and Control
10.1 Overview of Vibration Sources
10.2 Overview of Vibration Isolation
83 Figure 10.1 Positive isolation of a vibratory source.
84 10.3 Selection of Vibration Isolators
10.4 Vibration Isolation within THE Datacom Equipment Room
85 10.5 Vibration Isolation adjacent to the Datacom Equipment Room
90 Chapter 11—Shock and Vibration Testing on Datacom Equipment

11.1 Basic Definitions
91 11.2 Overview of Vibration Sources
94 11.3 Datacom Equipment Shock and Vibration Testing
97 Figure 11.1 Typical power spectral density of an operational vibration encounter in a data center. Reproduced with permission from IBM (1990).
98 Figure 11.2 Typical seismic test parameters. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono et al. (2001) and Pekcan (2007).
99 Figure 11.3 Typical transportation test parameters. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono et al. (2004).
100 11.4 Shock and Vibration Test Guidelines for Datacom Infrastructure and Cooling Equipment
102 Figure 11.4 Shake table testing.
104 Figure 11.5 The identification label showing compliance data of a nonstructural component.
Figure 11.6 Seismic floor stand.
106 Chapter 12—Seismic Anchorage of Datacom Equipment

12.1 Overview
12.2 Nonstructural Seismic Provisions of Building Codes
107 12.3 Seismicity in the United States
108 12.4 Seismic Design Category
12.5 Properly Applying Anchorage Forces
109 12.6 Protection of Server Cabinets on Raised-Access Floors
111 Figure 12.1 Hardware attaching adjacent server cabinets together.
112 Figure 12.2 Vertical anchor rod detail at server cabinet. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2003).
Figure 12.3 Vertical anchor rod detail at floor. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2003).
113 Figure 12.4 Anchor rod.
Figure 12.5 Vertical anchor rod detail at floor.
114 Figure 12.6 Vertical anchor rod detail at floor using slotted metal framing.
Figure 12.7 Splay cable installation.
115 Figure 12.8 Splay cable installation.
116 Figure 12.9 Top cabinet snubber schematic detail. Reproduced with permission from ASHRAE (2005b).
Figure 12.10 Top cabinet snubber installation.
117 Figure 12.11 Isolation platform installation.
118 Chapter 13—Analysis of Datacom Equipment and Seismic Anchorage Systems

13.1 Overview
13.2 Basic Definitions
119 13.3 Datacom Equipment Frame
13.4 Finite Element Model Construction and Validation
120 Figure 13.1 Finite element model of frame with vertical anchors subjected to the maximum seismic horizontal design force Fp (defined by Equation 13.1). Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono and Canfield (2007).
121 Figure 13.2 Mode shapes of the frame: (a) lateral sway mode, 6.9 Hz, and (b) torsional mode, 34.2 Hz. Reproduced with permission from Canfield and Notohardjono (2004).
13.5 Evaluation of Earthquake Anchorage Systems
123 Figure 13.3 Evaluation of four vertical bottom anchor rods for various equipment configurations. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono and Canfield (2007).
Figure 13.4 Evaluation of eight vertical anchor bottom and top rods for various equipment configurations. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono and Canfield (2007).
124 13.6 Evaluation of Structural Add-On Supports
Figure 13.5 (a) Triangular brace and support bars and (b) group of support trays. Reproduced with permission from Canfield and Notohardjono (2004).
125 Figure 13.6 Design study summary: resulting shift in first harmonic frequency. Reproduced with permission from Canfield and Notohardjono (2004).
126 Figure 13.7 (a) Double tray support design, first mode shape (14.8 Hz) and (b) double triangular support design, 1st mode shape (53.3 Hz). Reproduced with permission from Canfield and Notohardjono (2004).
Table 13.1 Summary of Harmonic Frequencies
132 Appendix A—Codes for Building Structures and Structural Components
136 Appendix B—Weights of Materials

Table B.1 Minimum Dead Loads
141 Table B.2 Weights of Materials
144 Appendix C—Raised-Access Floor Calculations

C.1 Raised-Access Floor Panel Loading Definitions
145 Figure C.1 Concentrated load capacity.
C.2 Floor Loading
146 C.3 Floor Loading Calculations
147 Figure C.2 Weight distribution area. Reproduced with permission from IBM (2001).
148 C.4 Structural Guidelines for Raised-ACCESS Floor Systems
152 Appendix D—Data Center Vibration Measurement

D.1 Overview
D.2 Introduction
153 D.3 Typical Operational Vibration and Shock Testing
Figure D.1 Typical power spectral density of operational vibration encounter in a data center. Reproduced with permission from IBM (1990).
154 Figure D.2 Typical operational vibration encountered in a data center. Reproduced with permission from IBM (1990).
155 D.4 Typical Operational Vibration and Shock Magnitude Recorded in a Data Center
Figure D.3 Average peak acceleration threshold of human perception of vibration. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2006).
156 D.5 Monitoring Floor Vibration IN Data Centers
Figure D.4 Data center layout. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2006).
157 D.6 Best Practices
Figure D.5 Floor vibration recorded at a data center—location II-1 from 2–50 Hz. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2006).
Figure D.6 Floor vibration recorded at a data center—location II-1 from 5–500 Hz. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2006).
158 Figure D.7 Power spectral density of floor vibration recorded at a data center—location II-1 from 2–50 Hz. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2006).
Figure D.8 Power spectral density of floor vibration recorded at a data center—location II-1 from 5–500 Hz. Reproduced with permission from Notohardjono (2006).
160 Appendix E—Component Anchorage Forces

E.1 Relative location factor (1 + 2z/h)
161 E.2 Component Importance Factor (Ip)
E.3 Component Amplification Factor (ap)
162 E.4 Component Response Modification Factor (Rp)

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ASHRAE Book StructuralandVibrationGuidelines 2008
$42.79