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ASHRAE Grid Interactive Guide 2023

ASHRAE Grid Interactive Guide 2023

$39.00

Grid Interactive Buildings for Decarbonization: Design and Operation Resource Guide

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASHRAE 2023 131
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Understanding Grid-Interactive Buildings for Decarbonization Stay up to date with the future of sustainable building practices with the latest groundbreaking release from ASHRAE s Task Force for Building Decarbonization (TFBD), Grid-Interactive Buildings for Decarbonization: Design and Operation Resource Guide. This is the second in a series of guides aimed at addressing the challenge of decarbonization in the built environment. Grid interactivity is a relatively new practice for most ASHRAE members, and buildings have a role in decarbonizing the power grid and managing their carbon budget; therefore, this guide provides information to enable readers to maximize carbon reduction through a building s interaction with the electric power grid. Decarbonizing the electric grid requires a shift to a dynamic, two-way relationship between buildings and the grid that allows buildings to respond dynamically to grid conditions, including time-varying carbon emissions rates. This two-way communication has come into focus in the last few years as renewable energy integration and grid reliability issues particularly around peak conditions brought on by extreme weather conditions, variability of renewable generation, and increased loads have spurred utilities, grid operators, and the building community to reconsider the role buildings can play in supporting grid reliability and decarbonization by reshaping their energy consumption patterns. These best practices, design considerations, and operational guidelines are all intended to target one or more of the three primary value streams offered by grid integration: Reduced carbon emissions Cost savings Resiliency This guide is focused on commercial and multifamily buildings, though aspects also apply to residential and industrial sectors. Beyond design guidance, this guide provides operational guidance for new and existing buildings to make the best use of their available demand flexibility in practice. Dive into the forefront of architectural innovation and environmental responsibility and explore the transformative power of grid interactivity.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
10 Acknowledgments
12 Abbreviations and Acronyms
14 1 – Introduction
1.1 Purpose and Scope
16 2 – Reader Orientation
2.1 What is a Grid-Interactive Building?
2.1.1 Grid-Interactive Building Actions
17 2.1.2 The Grid-Interactive Building Toolkit
19 2.2 Value Streams
2.2.1 Factors to Consider
24 2.3 Navigating this Guide
26 3 – Foundational Guidance
3.1 Basic Requirements of a Grid-Interactive Building
27 3.2 Grid Signals
3.2.1 Carbon Emissions Factors
28 3.2.2 Carbon Signals
29 3.2.3 Demand Response Calls
30 3.2.4 Price Signals
33 3.2.5 Carbon and Price Signal Alignment
34 3.3 Policy and Regulatory Context
3.3.1 Building Codes and Standards
35 CASE STUDY: LOYOLA UNIVERSITY SCHREIBER CENTER
36 3.3.2 Building Performance Standards
37 3.3.3 Energy Market Regulation
3.3.4 Utilities
38 3.4 Other Key Considerations
3.4.1 Resiliency
39 3.4.2 Health
40 3.4.3 Ancillary Services
3.4.4 Cybersecurity
41 3.5 Grid Integration General Best Practices
42 3.6 Limitations to Grid Interactivity
44 4 – Design and Operations Guidance for Standalone Systems
4.1 Building Envelope
45 4.1.1 Thermal Mass and Phase Change Materials
46 4.1.2 Window Shading
47 4.1.3 Electrochromic Glass
4.1.4 Key Requirements for Building Envelope Specifications
4.2 HVAC
4.2.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
48 4.2.2 Grid Communication
49 4.2.3 Sizing
4.2.4 Controlling Flexible Loads
51 4.2.5 Key Requirements for Standalone HVAC System Specifications
52 4.3 Water Heating
4.3.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
53 4.3.2 Grid Communication
4.3.3 Sizing
54 4.3.4 Controlling Flexible Loads
4.3.5 Key Requirements for Standalone Hot Water Specifications
55 4.4 Lighting
56 4.4.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
4.4.2 Grid Communication
4.4.3 Controlling Flexible Loads
4.4.4 Key Requirements for Standalone Lighting Specifications
57 4.5 Miscellaneous Electric Loads
4.5.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
58 4.5.2 Grid Communication
59 4.5.3 Controlling Flexible Loads
4.5.4 Key Requirements for Miscellaneous Electrical Load Specifications
4.6 Solar PV Systems
60 4.6.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
63 4.6.2 Grid Communication
4.6.3 Controlling Flexible Loads
4.6.4 Key Requirements for Standalone PV System Specifications
64 4.7 Electric Battery Energy Storage Systems
65 4.7.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
66 Existing buildings may be able to install battery systems for resiliency and demand flexibility if space, structural, electrical, and local building code requirements are met.
4.7.2 Grid Communication
4.7.3 Controlling Flexible Loads
67 4.7.4 Key Requirements for Standalone BESS Specifications
68 CASE STUDY: CEDARVALE HEALTH RETREAT
69 4.8 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
4.8.1 Basic Requirements and Considerations
70 4.8.2 Grid Communication
4.8.3 Controlling Flexible Loads
71 4.8.4 Key Requirements for Standalone EVSE Specifications
72 5 – Design and Operations Guidance for Integrated Systems
5.1 Grid Integration Requirements for Integrated Building Systems
73 5.1.1 Grid Communication
5.1.2 Integration Across Building Systems
5.2 Building Automation System
5.2.1 Design and Selection Considerations
74 5.2.2 Monitoring and Control Requirements
5.2.3 Key Requirements for Building Automation System Specifications
76 5.3 HVAC
5.3.1 Design Considerations
5.3.2 System Type Selection
5.3.3 Integration with Other Building Systems
77 5.3.4 System Layout
78 5.3.5 Supervisory Control Considerations
80 5.3.6 Key Requirements for HVAC Specifications
81 5.4 Water Heating
5.4.1 System Layout
83 5.4.2 Storage Tank Temperature
84 5.4.3 System Size
85 5.4.4 Stratification
5.4.5 Gravity Water Pressure Systems
86 5.4.6 Supervisory Control Considerations
88 5.4.7 Key Requirements for Water Heating Specifications
89 5.5 Lighting
5.5.1 Design Considerations
5.5.2 Integrated Sensing Capabilities
5.5.3 Shading Interactions
5.5.4 Control of Receptacles and Miscellaneous Loads
91 5.5.5 Occupant Engagement
5.5.6 Supervisory Control Considerations
5.5.7 Key Requirements for Lighting Specifications
92 5.6 Thermal Energy Storage
5.6.1 Design Considerations
95 5.6.2 Supervisory Control Considerations
5.6.3 Key Requirements for Thermal Energy Storage Specifications
5.7 Solar PV and Battery Energy Storage
5.7.1 Design Considerations
97 5.7.2 Supervisory Control Considerations
98 5.7.3 Key Requirements for Solar PV and Battery Specifications
5.8 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
5.8.1 Design Considerations
99 5.8.2 Supervisory Control Considerations
5.8.3 Key Requirements for EVSE Specifications
100 CASE STUDY: JOHAN CRUIJFF ARENA
101 5.9 Operational Summary
5.9.1 Building Automation System
5.9.2 Building Systems
106 6 – Designing for Grid Interactivity: Portfolios, Campuses, and Districts
6.1 Portfolios
6.1.1 Factoring in Multiple Localities
6.1.2 Scaling Impacts
107 6.2 Campuses and Districts
6.2.1 Thermal Energy Networks
108 6.2.2 Microgrids
6.2.3 Distributed Energy Resources
109 6.2.4 Controls and Data Monitoring
110 7 – Designing for Grid Interactivity: Other Systems
7.1 Refrigeration
111 7.2 Data Centers
7.3 Irrigation and Pumping
7.4 Pools and Spas
112 7.5 Emerging Technologies
7.5.1 Fuel Cells
7.5.2 Decarbonized Combined Heat and Power
7.5.3 Other Electrical Storage
114 8 – Energy Management Information Systems
115 8.1 Design-Phase Considerations
116 8.1.1 Cybersecurity
8.1.2 Carbon, Energy, and Cost Optimization
8.1.3 EMIS Functionality
117 8.1.4 Recommended Specifications
118 9 – Grid-Interactive Design and Operation Overview
120 Glossary
124 References

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