ASHRAE Handbook 06 IP 2006
$102.38
2006 ASHRAE Handbook Refrigeration (I-P Edition)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2006 | 649 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | R06_CH01_I-P R06_CH01_I-P Terminology Terminology Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages and Disadvantages Overfeed System Operation Overfeed System Operation Mechanical Pump Mechanical Pump |
| 2 | Gas Pump Gas Pump Refrigerant Distribution Refrigerant Distribution |
| 3 | Oil in System Oil in System Circulating Rate Circulating Rate |
| 4 | Pump Selection and Installation Pump Selection and Installation Types of Pumps Types of Pumps |
| 5 | Installing and Connecting Mechanical Pumps Installing and Connecting Mechanical Pumps Controls Controls Evaporator Design Evaporator Design Considerations Considerations |
| 6 | Top Feed Versus Bottom Feed Top Feed Versus Bottom Feed Refrigerant Charge Refrigerant Charge Start-Up and Operation Start-Up and Operation Operating Costs and Efficiency Operating Costs and Efficiency Line Sizing Line Sizing |
| 7 | Low-Pressure Receiver Sizing Low-Pressure Receiver Sizing |
| 8 | References References |
| 9 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 10 | R06_CH02_I-P R06_CH02_I-P Piping Basic Principles Piping Basic Principles Refrigerant Flow Refrigerant Flow Refrigerant Line Velocities Refrigerant Line Velocities Refrigerant Flow Rates Refrigerant Flow Rates |
| 11 | Refrigerant Line Sizing Refrigerant Line Sizing Pressure Drop Considerations Pressure Drop Considerations |
| 14 | Location and Arrangement of Piping Location and Arrangement of Piping Protection Against Damage to Piping Protection Against Damage to Piping Piping Insulation Piping Insulation Vibration and Noise in Piping Vibration and Noise in Piping |
| 19 | Refrigerant Line Capacity Tables Refrigerant Line Capacity Tables Equivalent Lengths of Valves and Fittings Equivalent Lengths of Valves and Fittings Oil Management in Refrigerant Lines Oil Management in Refrigerant Lines |
| 28 | Discharge (Hot-Gas) Lines Discharge (Hot-Gas) Lines |
| 30 | Defrost Gas Supply Lines Defrost Gas Supply Lines Receivers Receivers |
| 32 | Air-Cooled Condensers Air-Cooled Condensers |
| 33 | Piping at Multiple Compressors Piping at Multiple Compressors Suction Piping Suction Piping |
| 34 | Discharge Piping Discharge Piping Interconnection of Crankcases Interconnection of Crankcases Piping at Various System Components Piping at Various System Components Flooded Fluid Coolers Flooded Fluid Coolers |
| 35 | Refrigerant Feed Devices Refrigerant Feed Devices Direct-Expansion Fluid Chillers Direct-Expansion Fluid Chillers |
| 36 | Direct-Expansion Air Coils Direct-Expansion Air Coils |
| 37 | Flooded Evaporators Flooded Evaporators Refrigeration Accessories Refrigeration Accessories Liquid-Suction Heat Exchangers Liquid-Suction Heat Exchangers |
| 38 | Two-Stage Subcoolers Two-Stage Subcoolers |
| 39 | Discharge Line Oil Separators Discharge Line Oil Separators Surge Drums or Accumulators Surge Drums or Accumulators |
| 40 | Compressor Floodback Protection Compressor Floodback Protection Refrigerant Driers and Moisture Indicators Refrigerant Driers and Moisture Indicators Strainers Strainers |
| 41 | Liquid Indicators Liquid Indicators Oil Receivers Oil Receivers Purge Units Purge Units Head Pressure Control for Refrigerant Condensers Head Pressure Control for Refrigerant Condensers Water-Cooled Condensers Water-Cooled Condensers Condenser-Water-Regulating Valves Condenser-Water-Regulating Valves Water Bypass Water Bypass Evaporative Condensers Evaporative Condensers |
| 42 | Air-Cooled Condensers Air-Cooled Condensers Keeping Liquid from Crankcase During Off Cycles Keeping Liquid from Crankcase During Off Cycles Automatic Pumpdown Control (Direct-Expansion Air-Cooling Systems) Automatic Pumpdown Control (Direct-Expansion Air-Cooling Systems) |
| 43 | Crankcase Oil Heater (Direct-Expansion Systems) Crankcase Oil Heater (Direct-Expansion Systems) Control for Direct-Expansion Water Chillers Control for Direct-Expansion Water Chillers Effect of Short Operating Cycle Effect of Short Operating Cycle Hot-Gas Bypass Arrangements Hot-Gas Bypass Arrangements Full (100%) Unloading for Starting Full (100%) Unloading for Starting Full (100%) Unloading for Capacity Control Full (100%) Unloading for Capacity Control |
| 44 | Safety Requirements Safety Requirements References References |
| 45 | R06_Ch03_I-P R06_Ch03_I-P Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia Refrigerant for HVAC Systems Ammonia Refrigerant for HVAC Systems System Selection System Selection Single-Stage Systems Single-Stage Systems Economized Systems Economized Systems Multistage Systems Multistage Systems |
| 46 | Equipment Equipment Compressors Compressors Condensers Condensers Evaporators Evaporators |
| 47 | Vessels Vessels |
| 50 | Lubricant Management Lubricant Management Controls Controls Liquid Feed Control Liquid Feed Control Controlling Load During Pulldown Controlling Load During Pulldown |
| 51 | Operation at Varying Loads and Temperatures Operation at Varying Loads and Temperatures Electronic Control Electronic Control Piping Piping Recommended Material Recommended Material Fittings Fittings Pipe Joints Pipe Joints |
| 52 | Pipe Location Pipe Location Pipe Sizing Pipe Sizing Valves Valves |
| 54 | Isolated Line Sections Isolated Line Sections Insulation and Vapor Retarders Insulation and Vapor Retarders Reciprocating Compressors Reciprocating Compressors Piping Piping |
| 55 | Cooling Cooling |
| 56 | Rotary Vane, Low-Stage Compressors Rotary Vane, Low-Stage Compressors Piping Piping Cooling Cooling Screw Compressors Screw Compressors Piping Piping Lubricant Cooling Lubricant Cooling |
| 58 | Condenser and Receiver Piping Condenser and Receiver Piping |
| 59 | Horizontal Shell-and-Tube Condenser and Through-Type Receiver Horizontal Shell-and-Tube Condenser and Through-Type Receiver Parallel Horizontal Shell-and-Tube Condensers Parallel Horizontal Shell-and-Tube Condensers Evaporative Condensers Evaporative Condensers Location Location |
| 60 | Installation Installation |
| 62 | Evaporator Piping Evaporator Piping |
| 63 | Unit Cooler-Flooded Operation Unit Cooler-Flooded Operation High-Side Float Control High-Side Float Control |
| 64 | Low-Side Float Control Low-Side Float Control Multistage Systems Multistage Systems Two-Stage Screw Compressor System Two-Stage Screw Compressor System |
| 65 | Converting Single-Stage into Two-Stage Systems Converting Single-Stage into Two-Stage Systems Liquid Recirculation Systems Liquid Recirculation Systems |
| 66 | Hot-Gas Defrost Hot-Gas Defrost |
| 68 | Double Riser Designs for Large Evaporator Coils Double Riser Designs for Large Evaporator Coils |
| 69 | Safety Considerations Safety Considerations |
| 70 | Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide |
| 71 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 72 | R06_CH04_I-P R06_CH04_I-P Coolant Selection Coolant Selection Load Versus Flow Rate Load Versus Flow Rate Pumping Cost Pumping Cost Performance Comparisons Performance Comparisons |
| 73 | Other Considerations Other Considerations Design Considerations Design Considerations Piping and Control Valves Piping and Control Valves Storage Tanks Storage Tanks |
| 74 | Expansion Tanks Expansion Tanks |
| 75 | Pulldown Time Pulldown Time |
| 76 | System Costs System Costs Corrosion Prevention Corrosion Prevention Applications Applications |
| 77 | References References |
| 78 | R06_CH05_I-P R06_CH05_I-P Refrigerants Refrigerants Environmental Acceptability Environmental Acceptability Compositional Groups Compositional Groups |
| 81 | Refrigerant Analysis Refrigerant Analysis Flammability and Combustibility Flammability and Combustibility Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Halocarbons Halocarbons |
| 82 | Ammonia Ammonia Lubricants Lubricants |
| 83 | Lubricant Additives Lubricant Additives |
| 84 | System Reactions System Reactions Copper Plating Copper Plating |
| 85 | Contaminant Generation by High Temperature Contaminant Generation by High Temperature Compatibility of Materials Compatibility of Materials Electrical Insulation Electrical Insulation |
| 87 | Elastomers Elastomers Plastics Plastics Chemical Evaluation Techniques Chemical Evaluation Techniques Sealed-Tube Material Tests Sealed-Tube Material Tests Component Tests Component Tests System Tests System Tests |
| 88 | Refrigerant Database and ARTI/MCLR Research Projects Refrigerant Database and ARTI/MCLR Research Projects References References |
| 91 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 92 | R06_CH06_I-P R06_CH06_I-P Moisture Moisture Sources of Moisture Sources of Moisture Effects of Moisture Effects of Moisture |
| 93 | Drying Methods Drying Methods |
| 94 | Moisture Indicators Moisture Indicators Moisture Measurement Moisture Measurement Desiccants Desiccants |
| 96 | Desiccant Applications Desiccant Applications |
| 97 | Driers Driers Drier Selection Drier Selection Testing and Rating Testing and Rating Other Contaminants Other Contaminants Metallic Contaminants and Dirt Metallic Contaminants and Dirt |
| 98 | Organic Contaminants: Sludge, Wax, and Tars Organic Contaminants: Sludge, Wax, and Tars Residual Cleaning Agents Residual Cleaning Agents Noncondensable Gases Noncondensable Gases |
| 99 | Motor Burnouts Motor Burnouts Field Assembly Field Assembly System Cleanup Procedure After Hermetic Motor Burnout System Cleanup Procedure After Hermetic Motor Burnout Procedure Procedure |
| 100 | Special System Characteristics and Procedures Special System Characteristics and Procedures Contaminant Control During Retrofit Contaminant Control During Retrofit |
| 101 | Chiller Decontamination Chiller Decontamination References References |
| 102 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 103 | R06_CH07_I-P R06_CH07_I-P Tests for Boundary and Mixed Lubrication Tests for Boundary and Mixed Lubrication |
| 104 | Refrigeration Lubricant Requirements Refrigeration Lubricant Requirements Mineral Oil Composition and Component Characteristics Mineral Oil Composition and Component Characteristics |
| 105 | Component Characteristics Component Characteristics Synthetic Lubricants Synthetic Lubricants |
| 106 | Lubricant Additives Lubricant Additives |
| 107 | Lubricant Properties Lubricant Properties Viscosity and Viscosity Grades Viscosity and Viscosity Grades Viscosity Index Viscosity Index |
| 108 | Density Density |
| 109 | Relative Molecular Mass Relative Molecular Mass Pour Point Pour Point Volatility: Flash and Fire Points Volatility: Flash and Fire Points Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure Aniline Point Aniline Point Solubility of Refrigerants in Oils Solubility of Refrigerants in Oils |
| 110 | Lubricant/Refrigerant Solutions Lubricant/Refrigerant Solutions Density Density |
| 111 | Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena Pressure/Temperature/Solubility Relations Pressure/Temperature/Solubility Relations |
| 113 | Mutual Solubility Mutual Solubility |
| 114 | Effects of Partial Miscibility in Refrigerant Systems Effects of Partial Miscibility in Refrigerant Systems Solubility Curves and Miscibility Diagrams Solubility Curves and Miscibility Diagrams |
| 115 | Effect of Lubricant Type on Solubility and Miscibility Effect of Lubricant Type on Solubility and Miscibility Miscibility of R-22 with Lubricants Miscibility of R-22 with Lubricants Solubilities and Viscosities of Lubricant/Refrigerant Solutions Solubilities and Viscosities of Lubricant/Refrigerant Solutions |
| 120 | Lubricant Return from Evaporators Lubricant Return from Evaporators |
| 122 | Wax Separation (Floc Tests) Wax Separation (Floc Tests) |
| 123 | Solubility of Hydrocarbon Gases Solubility of Hydrocarbon Gases |
| 124 | Lubricants for Carbon Dioxide Lubricants for Carbon Dioxide |
| 128 | Solubility of Water in Lubricants Solubility of Water in Lubricants Solubility of Air in Lubricants Solubility of Air in Lubricants Foaming and Antifoam Agents Foaming and Antifoam Agents Oxidation Resistance Oxidation Resistance |
| 129 | Chemical Stability Chemical Stability Effect of Lubricant Type Effect of Lubricant Type Conversion from CFC Refrigerants to Other Refrigerants Conversion from CFC Refrigerants to Other Refrigerants Choice of Refrigerant Lubricants Choice of Refrigerant Lubricants Flushing Flushing |
| 130 | References References |
| 132 | R06_Ch08_I-P R06_Ch08_I-P Emissions Types Emissions Types Design Design Installation Installation Servicing and Decommissioning Servicing and Decommissioning |
| 133 | Training Training Leak Detection Leak Detection Global Detection Global Detection Local Detection Local Detection Automated Performance Monitoring Systems Automated Performance Monitoring Systems Recovery, Recycling, and Reclamation Recovery, Recycling, and Reclamation Installation and Service Practices Installation and Service Practices Contaminants Contaminants |
| 134 | Recovery Recovery Recycling Recycling |
| 135 | Equipment Standards Equipment Standards |
| 136 | Special Considerations and Equipment for Handling Multiple Refrigerants Special Considerations and Equipment for Handling Multiple Refrigerants Reclamation Reclamation Purity Standards Purity Standards References References |
| 137 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 138 | R06_CH09_I-P R06_CH09_I-P Thermal Properties of Food Constituents Thermal Properties of Food Constituents Thermal Properties of Foods Thermal Properties of Foods |
| 139 | Water Content Water Content Initial Freezing Point Initial Freezing Point Ice Fraction Ice Fraction |
| 143 | Density Density Specific Heat Specific Heat |
| 144 | Unfrozen Food Unfrozen Food Frozen Food Frozen Food Enthalpy Enthalpy |
| 145 | Unfrozen Food Unfrozen Food Frozen Foods Frozen Foods |
| 146 | Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity |
| 154 | Thermal Diffusivity Thermal Diffusivity |
| 155 | Heat of Respiration Heat of Respiration |
| 156 | Transpiration of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Transpiration of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables |
| 162 | Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient Evaluation of Thermophysical Property Models Evaluation of Thermophysical Property Models |
| 165 | Symbols Symbols References References |
| 169 | R06_CH10_I-P R06_CH10_I-P Thermodynamics of Cooling and Freezing Thermodynamics of Cooling and Freezing Cooling Times of Foods and Beverages Cooling Times of Foods and Beverages Cooling Time Estimation Methods Based on f and j Factors Cooling Time Estimation Methods Based on f and j Factors |
| 170 | Determination of f and j Factors for Slabs, Cylinders, and Spheres Determination of f and j Factors for Slabs, Cylinders, and Spheres |
| 171 | Determination of f and j Factors for Irregular Shapes Determination of f and j Factors for Irregular Shapes |
| 172 | Cooling Time Estimation Methods Based on Equivalent Heat Transfer Dimensionality Cooling Time Estimation Methods Based on Equivalent Heat Transfer Dimensionality |
| 173 | Algorithms for Estimating Cooling Time Algorithms for Estimating Cooling Time Sample Problems for Estimating Cooling Time Sample Problems for Estimating Cooling Time |
| 175 | Freezing Times of Foods and Beverages Freezing Times of Foods and Beverages Plank’s Equation Plank’s Equation Modifications to Plank’s Equation Modifications to Plank’s Equation |
| 176 | Precooling, Phase Change, and Subcooling Time Calculations Precooling, Phase Change, and Subcooling Time Calculations |
| 177 | Geometric Considerations Geometric Considerations |
| 180 | Evaluation of Freezing Time Estimation Methods Evaluation of Freezing Time Estimation Methods Algorithms for Freezing Time Estimation Algorithms for Freezing Time Estimation |
| 181 | Sample Problems for Estimating Freezing Time Sample Problems for Estimating Freezing Time |
| 182 | Symbols Symbols |
| 183 | References References |
| 185 | R06_Ch11_I-P R06_Ch11_I-P Refrigerated Storage Refrigerated Storage Cooling Cooling Deterioration Deterioration Desiccation Desiccation |
| 194 | Refrigerated Storage Plant Operation Refrigerated Storage Plant Operation Checking Temperatures and Humidity Checking Temperatures and Humidity Air Circulation Air Circulation Sanitation and Air Purification Sanitation and Air Purification |
| 195 | Removal of Produce from Storage Removal of Produce from Storage Storage of Frozen Foods Storage of Frozen Foods Other Products Other Products Beer Beer Canned Foods Canned Foods Dried Foods Dried Foods Furs and Fabrics Furs and Fabrics Honey Honey |
| 196 | Maple Syrup Maple Syrup Nursery Stock and Cut Flowers Nursery Stock and Cut Flowers |
| 197 | Popcorn Popcorn Vegetable Seeds Vegetable Seeds References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 198 | R06_CH12_I-P R06_CH12_I-P Basic Microbiology Basic Microbiology Sources of Microorganisms Sources of Microorganisms Microbial Growth Microbial Growth Critical Microbial Growth Requirements Critical Microbial Growth Requirements |
| 199 | Intrinsic Factors Intrinsic Factors Extrinsic Factors Extrinsic Factors |
| 200 | Biological Diversity Biological Diversity Design for Control of Microorganisms Design for Control of Microorganisms Contamination Prevention Contamination Prevention |
| 201 | Growth Prevention Growth Prevention Destruction of Organisms Destruction of Organisms The Role of HACCP The Role of HACCP Sanitation Sanitation |
| 202 | Regulations and Standards Regulations and Standards Bibliography Bibliography |
| 203 | R06_CH13_I-P R06_CH13_I-P Transmission Load Transmission Load |
| 204 | Heat Gain from Cooler Floors Heat Gain from Cooler Floors |
| 205 | Product Load Product Load Internal Load Internal Load |
| 206 | Infiltration Air Load Infiltration Air Load Infiltration by Air Exchange Infiltration by Air Exchange |
| 208 | Infiltration by Direct Flow Through Doorways Infiltration by Direct Flow Through Doorways Sensible and Latent Heat Components Sensible and Latent Heat Components Equipment Related Load Equipment Related Load |
| 209 | Safety Factor Safety Factor |
| 210 | Load Diversity Load Diversity References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 211 | R06_CH14_I-P R06_CH14_I-P Initial Building Considerations Initial Building Considerations Location Location Configuration and Size Determination Configuration and Size Determination |
| 212 | Stacking Arrangement Stacking Arrangement Building Design Building Design One-Story Configuration One-Story Configuration |
| 213 | Shipping and Receiving Docks Shipping and Receiving Docks Utility Space Utility Space Specialized Storage Facilities Specialized Storage Facilities Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Rooms Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Rooms |
| 214 | Automated Warehouses Automated Warehouses Refrigerated Rooms Refrigerated Rooms Construction Methods Construction Methods |
| 215 | Space Adjacent to Envelope Space Adjacent to Envelope Air/Vapor Treatment at Junctions Air/Vapor Treatment at Junctions Floor Construction Floor Construction |
| 216 | Surface Preparation Surface Preparation Finishes Finishes Suspended Ceilings and Other Interstitial Spaces Suspended Ceilings and Other Interstitial Spaces Floor Drains Floor Drains Electrical Wiring Electrical Wiring Tracking Tracking Cold-Storage Doors Cold-Storage Doors |
| 217 | Hardware Hardware Refrigerated Docks Refrigerated Docks Schneider System Schneider System Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Types of Refrigeration Systems Types of Refrigeration Systems Choice of Refrigerant Choice of Refrigerant |
| 218 | Load Determination Load Determination Unit Cooler Selection Unit Cooler Selection |
| 220 | Freezers Freezers |
| 221 | Controls Controls |
| 222 | Insulation Techniques Insulation Techniques Vapor Retarder System Vapor Retarder System Types of Insulation Types of Insulation |
| 223 | Insulation Thickness Insulation Thickness Applying Insulation Applying Insulation Roofs Roofs Walls Walls Floors Floors |
| 224 | Freezer Doorways Freezer Doorways Doors Doors |
| 225 | Other Considerations Other Considerations Temperature Pulldown Temperature Pulldown Material-Handling Equipment Material-Handling Equipment Fire Protection Fire Protection |
| 226 | Inspection and Maintenance Inspection and Maintenance References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 227 | R06_CH15_I-P R06_CH15_I-P Product Requirements Product Requirements Calculation Methods Calculation Methods Heat Load Heat Load |
| 228 | Precooling Time Estimation Methods Precooling Time Estimation Methods Fractional Unaccomplished Temperature Difference Fractional Unaccomplished Temperature Difference Half-Cooling Time Half-Cooling Time |
| 229 | Cooling Coefficient Cooling Coefficient Other Semianalytical/Empirical Precooling Time Estimation Methods Other Semianalytical/Empirical Precooling Time Estimation Methods Numerical Techniques Numerical Techniques Cooling Methods Cooling Methods Hydrocooling Hydrocooling |
| 230 | Types of Hydrocoolers Types of Hydrocoolers |
| 231 | Variations on Hydrocooling Variations on Hydrocooling |
| 232 | Hydrocooler Efficiency Hydrocooler Efficiency Hydrocooling Water Treatment Hydrocooling Water Treatment Forced-Air Cooling Forced-Air Cooling |
| 233 | Commercial Methods Commercial Methods Effects of Containers and Stacking Patterns Effects of Containers and Stacking Patterns Moisture Loss in Forced-Air Cooling Moisture Loss in Forced-Air Cooling |
| 234 | Computer Solution Computer Solution Forced-Air Evaporative Cooling Forced-Air Evaporative Cooling Package Icing Package Icing |
| 235 | Vacuum Cooling Vacuum Cooling Pressure, Volume, and Temperature Pressure, Volume, and Temperature Commercial Systems Commercial Systems |
| 236 | Applications Applications |
| 237 | Selecting a Cooling Method Selecting a Cooling Method Cooling Cut Flowers Cooling Cut Flowers Symbols Symbols |
| 238 | References References |
| 239 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 240 | R06_CH16_I-P R06_CH16_I-P Freezing Methods Freezing Methods Blast Freezers Blast Freezers |
| 241 | Cold Storage Rooms Cold Storage Rooms Stationary Blast Cell Freezing Tunnels Stationary Blast Cell Freezing Tunnels Push-Through Trolley Freezers Push-Through Trolley Freezers Straight Belt Freezers Straight Belt Freezers Multipass Straight Belt Freezers Multipass Straight Belt Freezers |
| 242 | Fluidized Bed Freezers Fluidized Bed Freezers Fluidized Belt Freezers Fluidized Belt Freezers Spiral Belt Freezers Spiral Belt Freezers |
| 243 | Impingement Freezers Impingement Freezers Carton Freezers Carton Freezers Contact Freezers Contact Freezers Manual and Automatic Plate Freezers Manual and Automatic Plate Freezers |
| 244 | Specialized Contact Freezers Specialized Contact Freezers Cryogenic Freezers Cryogenic Freezers Liquid Nitrogen Freezers Liquid Nitrogen Freezers Carbon Dioxide Freezers Carbon Dioxide Freezers Cryomechanical Freezers Cryomechanical Freezers Other Freezer Selection Criteria Other Freezer Selection Criteria Reliability Reliability Hygiene Hygiene |
| 245 | Quality Quality Economics Economics Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems |
| 246 | Operation Operation Maintenance Maintenance Bibliography Bibliography |
| 247 | R06_Ch17_I-P R06_Ch17_I-P Sanitation Sanitation Role of HACCP Role of HACCP |
| 248 | Carcass Chilling and Holding Carcass Chilling and Holding Spray Chilling Beef Spray Chilling Beef Chilling Time Chilling Time Refrigeration Systems for Coolers Refrigeration Systems for Coolers |
| 249 | Beef Cooler Layout and Capacity Beef Cooler Layout and Capacity |
| 253 | Boxed Beef Boxed Beef |
| 254 | Hog Chilling and Tempering Hog Chilling and Tempering |
| 256 | Pork Trimmings Pork Trimmings Fresh Pork Holding Fresh Pork Holding Calf and Lamb Chilling Calf and Lamb Chilling Chilling and Freezing Variety Meats Chilling and Freezing Variety Meats |
| 257 | Packaging and Storage Packaging and Storage Packaged Fresh Cuts Packaged Fresh Cuts Refrigeration Load Computations Refrigeration Load Computations |
| 258 | Processed Meats Processed Meats |
| 259 | Bacon Slicing and Packaging Room Bacon Slicing and Packaging Room Sausage Dry Rooms Sausage Dry Rooms |
| 260 | Lard Chilling Lard Chilling |
| 261 | Blast and Storage Freezers Blast and Storage Freezers Direct-Contact Meat Chilling Direct-Contact Meat Chilling |
| 262 | Frozen Meat Products Frozen Meat Products Freezing Quality of Meat Freezing Quality of Meat Effect of Freezing on Quality Effect of Freezing on Quality Storage and Handling Storage and Handling Packaging Packaging |
| 263 | Shipping Docks Shipping Docks Energy Conservation Energy Conservation |
| 264 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 265 | R06_Ch18_I-P R06_Ch18_I-P Processing Processing Chilling Chilling |
| 268 | Decontamination of Carcasses Decontamination of Carcasses Further Processing Further Processing |
| 269 | Unit Operations Unit Operations Freezing Freezing Effect on Product Quality Effect on Product Quality |
| 270 | Freezing Methods Freezing Methods |
| 271 | Predicting Freezing or Thawing Times Predicting Freezing or Thawing Times Packaging Packaging |
| 272 | Airflow Systems in Poultry Processing Plants Airflow Systems in Poultry Processing Plants |
| 273 | Airflow System Consideration During Renovation Airflow System Consideration During Renovation Plant Sanitation Plant Sanitation HACCP Systems in Poultry Processing HACCP Systems in Poultry Processing Tenderness Control Tenderness Control |
| 274 | Distribution and Retail Holding Refrigeration Distribution and Retail Holding Refrigeration Preserving Quality in Storage and Marketing Preserving Quality in Storage and Marketing |
| 275 | Thawing Thawing References References |
| 276 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 277 | R06_Ch19_I-P R06_Ch19_I-P Fresh Fishery Products Fresh Fishery Products Care Aboard Vessels Care Aboard Vessels Icing Icing |
| 278 | Saltwater Icing Saltwater Icing Use of Preservatives Use of Preservatives Storage of Fish in Refrigerated Seawater Storage of Fish in Refrigerated Seawater Boxing at Sea Boxing at Sea Shore Plant Procedure and Marketing Shore Plant Procedure and Marketing |
| 279 | Packaging Fresh Fish Packaging Fresh Fish Fresh Fish Storage Fresh Fish Storage |
| 280 | Irradiation of Fresh Seafood Irradiation of Fresh Seafood Modified-Atmosphere (MA) Packaging Modified-Atmosphere (MA) Packaging Frozen Fishery Products Frozen Fishery Products Packaging Packaging Package Considerations in Freezing Package Considerations in Freezing |
| 281 | Package Considerations for Frozen Storage Package Considerations for Frozen Storage Types of Packages Types of Packages Freezing Methods Freezing Methods Blast Freezing Blast Freezing |
| 282 | Plate Freezing Plate Freezing Immersion Freezing Immersion Freezing |
| 283 | Freezing Fish at Sea Freezing Fish at Sea Storage of Frozen Fish Storage of Frozen Fish Composition Composition Storage Conditions Storage Conditions |
| 284 | Packaging and Glazing Packaging and Glazing Space Requirements Space Requirements |
| 285 | Transportation and Marketing Transportation and Marketing Bibliography Bibliography |
| 287 | R06_CH20_I-P R06_CH20_I-P Milk Production and Processing Milk Production and Processing Handling Milk at the Dairy Handling Milk at the Dairy Receiving and Storing Milk Receiving and Storing Milk |
| 288 | Separation and Clarification Separation and Clarification Pasteurization and Homogenization Pasteurization and Homogenization |
| 290 | Packaging Milk Products Packaging Milk Products Equipment Cleaning Equipment Cleaning Milk Storage and Distribution Milk Storage and Distribution |
| 291 | Half-and-Half and Cream Half-and-Half and Cream Buttermilk, Sour Cream, and Yogurt Buttermilk, Sour Cream, and Yogurt Refrigeration Refrigeration |
| 292 | Butter Manufacture Butter Manufacture Separation and Pasteurization Separation and Pasteurization Churning Churning |
| 294 | Continuous Churning Continuous Churning Packaging Butter Packaging Butter Deterioration of Butter in Storage Deterioration of Butter in Storage |
| 295 | Total Refrigeration Load Total Refrigeration Load Whipped Butter Whipped Butter |
| 296 | Cheese Manufacture Cheese Manufacture Cheddar Cheese Cheddar Cheese |
| 297 | Provolone and Mozzarella (Pasta Filata Types) Provolone and Mozzarella (Pasta Filata Types) Swiss Cheese Swiss Cheese Roquefort and Blue Cheese Roquefort and Blue Cheese |
| 298 | Cottage Cheese Cottage Cheese Other Cheeses Other Cheeses |
| 299 | Refrigerating Cheese Rooms Refrigerating Cheese Rooms Frozen Dairy Desserts Frozen Dairy Desserts Ice Cream Ice Cream |
| 300 | Ice Milk Ice Milk Soft Ice Milk or Ice Cream Soft Ice Milk or Ice Cream Frozen Yogurt Frozen Yogurt Sherbets Sherbets Ices Ices |
| 301 | Making Ice Cream Mix Making Ice Cream Mix Freezing Freezing |
| 304 | Ice Cream Bars and Other Novelties Ice Cream Bars and Other Novelties |
| 305 | Refrigeration Compressor Equipment Selection and Operation Refrigeration Compressor Equipment Selection and Operation Ultrahigh-Temperature (UHT) Sterilization and Aseptic Packaging (AP) Ultrahigh-Temperature (UHT) Sterilization and Aseptic Packaging (AP) Sterilization Methods and Equipment Sterilization Methods and Equipment |
| 306 | Aseptic Packaging Aseptic Packaging |
| 307 | Quality Control Quality Control Heat-Labile Nutrients Heat-Labile Nutrients |
| 308 | Evaporated, Sweetened Condensed, and Dry Milk Evaporated, Sweetened Condensed, and Dry Milk Evaporated Milk Evaporated Milk Sweetened Condensed Milk Sweetened Condensed Milk Dry Milk and Nonfat Dry Milk Dry Milk and Nonfat Dry Milk |
| 309 | Drum Drying Drum Drying |
| 310 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 311 | R06_Ch21_I-P R06_Ch21_I-P Shell Eggs Shell Eggs Egg Structure and Composition Egg Structure and Composition Physical Structure Physical Structure |
| 312 | Chemical Composition Chemical Composition Nutritive Value Nutritive Value Egg Quality and Safety Egg Quality and Safety Quality Grades and Weight Classes Quality Grades and Weight Classes |
| 313 | Quality Factors Quality Factors |
| 314 | Control and Preservation of Quality Control and Preservation of Quality Egg Spoilage and Safety Egg Spoilage and Safety In-Shell Egg Pasteurization In-Shell Egg Pasteurization |
| 315 | HACCP Plan for Shell Eggs HACCP Plan for Shell Eggs Shell Egg Processing Shell Egg Processing Off-Line and In-Line Processing Off-Line and In-Line Processing Effect of Refrigeration on Egg Quality and Safety Effect of Refrigeration on Egg Quality and Safety |
| 316 | Refrigeration Requirement Issues Refrigeration Requirement Issues |
| 317 | Condensation on Eggs Condensation on Eggs Initial Egg Temperatures Initial Egg Temperatures Egg Temperatures After Processing Egg Temperatures After Processing |
| 318 | Cooling Rates Cooling Rates Cooling for Storage Cooling for Storage Accelerated Cooling Methods Accelerated Cooling Methods Packaging Packaging Transportation Transportation |
| 319 | Egg Products Egg Products Egg Breaking Egg Breaking |
| 320 | Holding Temperatures Holding Temperatures Pasteurization Pasteurization |
| 321 | Yields Yields Refrigerated Liquid Egg Products Refrigerated Liquid Egg Products Chilled Egg Products Chilled Egg Products Frozen Egg Products Frozen Egg Products Dehydrated Egg Products Dehydrated Egg Products |
| 322 | Egg Product Quality Egg Product Quality Sanitary Standards and Plant Sanitation Sanitary Standards and Plant Sanitation |
| 323 | HACCP Program for Egg Products HACCP Program for Egg Products References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 324 | R06_CH22_I-P R06_CH22_I-P Fruit Storage and Handling Considerations Fruit Storage and Handling Considerations Quality and Maturity Quality and Maturity Handling and Harvesting Handling and Harvesting Storage and Transportation Storage and Transportation Apples Apples |
| 326 | Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Storage Diseases and Deterioration Storage Diseases and Deterioration |
| 329 | Pears Pears |
| 330 | Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Storage Diseases and Deterioration Storage Diseases and Deterioration |
| 331 | Grapes Grapes Cooling and Storage Cooling and Storage Fumigation Fumigation |
| 333 | Diseases Diseases |
| 334 | Storage Life Storage Life Refrigeration System Materials and Practices Refrigeration System Materials and Practices Maintenance and Operation Maintenance and Operation Plums Plums Storage Diseases and Deterioration Storage Diseases and Deterioration |
| 335 | Sweet Cherries Sweet Cherries Harvesting Techniques Harvesting Techniques Cooling Cooling Storage Storage Diseases Diseases Peaches and Nectarines Peaches and Nectarines Storage Varieties Storage Varieties Harvest Techniques Harvest Techniques Cooling Cooling Storage Storage |
| 336 | Diseases Diseases Apricots Apricots Diseases and Deterioration Diseases and Deterioration Berries Berries Diseases Diseases Strawberries Strawberries Diseases Diseases Figs Figs Diseases Diseases Supplements to Refrigeration Supplements to Refrigeration Antiseptic Washes Antiseptic Washes |
| 337 | Protective Packaging Protective Packaging Selective Marketing Selective Marketing Heat Treatment Heat Treatment Fungicides Fungicides Irradiation Irradiation References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 338 | R06_CH23_I-P R06_CH23_I-P Citrus Fruit Citrus Fruit Maturity and Quality Maturity and Quality Harvesting and Packing Harvesting and Packing Picking Picking |
| 339 | Handling Handling Accelerated Coloring or Sweating Accelerated Coloring or Sweating Color-Added Treatment Color-Added Treatment Cooling Cooling |
| 340 | Transportation Transportation Storage Storage Oranges Oranges Grapefruit Grapefruit Lemons Lemons |
| 341 | Specialty Citrus Fruit Specialty Citrus Fruit Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Storage Disorders and Control Storage Disorders and Control Postharvest Diseases Postharvest Diseases Physiological Disturbances Physiological Disturbances |
| 342 | Bananas Bananas Harvesting and Transportation Harvesting and Transportation Diseases and Deterioration Diseases and Deterioration Exposure to Excessive Temperatures Exposure to Excessive Temperatures Wholesale Processing Facilities Wholesale Processing Facilities |
| 343 | Airtightness Airtightness Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration Load Calculations Refrigeration Load Calculations Heating Heating Air Circulation Air Circulation Airflow Requirements Airflow Requirements |
| 344 | Humidity Humidity Controls Controls |
| 345 | Subtropical Fruit Subtropical Fruit Avocados Avocados Storage Disorders Storage Disorders Mangoes Mangoes Storage Disorders Storage Disorders Pineapples Pineapples Storage Disorders Storage Disorders References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 346 | R06_Ch24_I-P R06_Ch24_I-P Product Selection and Quality Maintenance Product Selection and Quality Maintenance Postharvest Handling Postharvest Handling |
| 347 | Cooling Cooling Protective Packaging and Waxing Protective Packaging and Waxing In-Transit Preservation In-Transit Preservation Cooling Vehicle and Product Cooling Vehicle and Product Packaging, Loading, and Handling Packaging, Loading, and Handling Providing Refrigeration and Air Circulation Providing Refrigeration and Air Circulation |
| 348 | Protection from Cold Protection from Cold Checking and Cleaning Equipment Checking and Cleaning Equipment Modified Atmospheres in Transit Modified Atmospheres in Transit Preservation in Destination Facilities Preservation in Destination Facilities |
| 350 | Refrigerated Storage Considerations Refrigerated Storage Considerations Sprout Inhibitors Sprout Inhibitors |
| 351 | Controlled- and Modified-Atmosphere Storage Controlled- and Modified-Atmosphere Storage Injury Injury Storage of Various Vegetables Storage of Various Vegetables Artichokes, Globe (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Artichokes, Globe (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) |
| 352 | Asparagus (32 to 36ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Asparagus (32 to 36ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Beans, Green or Snap (40 to 45ËšF and 95% rh) Beans, Green or Snap (40 to 45ËšF and 95% rh) Beans, Lima (37 to 41ËšF and 95% rh) Beans, Lima (37 to 41ËšF and 95% rh) Beets (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Beets (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) |
| 353 | Broccoli (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Broccoli (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Brussels Sprouts (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Brussels Sprouts (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Cabbage (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Cabbage (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Carrots (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Carrots (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Cauliflower (32ËšF and 95% rh) Cauliflower (32ËšF and 95% rh) |
| 354 | Celery (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Celery (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Corn, Sweet (32ËšF and 95 to 98% rh) Corn, Sweet (32ËšF and 95 to 98% rh) Cucumbers (50 to 55ËšF and 95% rh) Cucumbers (50 to 55ËšF and 95% rh) Eggplants (46 to 54ËšF and 90 to 95% rh) Eggplants (46 to 54ËšF and 90 to 95% rh) |
| 355 | Endive and Escarole (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Endive and Escarole (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Garlic, Dry (32ËšF and 65 to 70% rh) Garlic, Dry (32ËšF and 65 to 70% rh) Greens, Leafy (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Greens, Leafy (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Lettuce (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Lettuce (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Melons Melons |
| 356 | Mushrooms (32ËšF and 95% rh) Mushrooms (32ËšF and 95% rh) Okra (45 to 50ËšF and 90 to 95% rh) Okra (45 to 50ËšF and 90 to 95% rh) Onions (32ËšF and 65 to 70% rh) Onions (32ËšF and 65 to 70% rh) |
| 357 | Parsley (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Parsley (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Parsnips (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Parsnips (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Peas, Green (32ËšF and 95 to 98% rh) Peas, Green (32ËšF and 95 to 98% rh) Peas, Southern (40 to 41ËšF and 95% rh) Peas, Southern (40 to 41ËšF and 95% rh) Peppers, Dry Chili or Hot Peppers, Dry Chili or Hot Peppers, Sweet (45 to 55ËšF and 90 to 95% rh) Peppers, Sweet (45 to 55ËšF and 90 to 95% rh) Potatoes (Temperature, see following; 90 to 95% rh) Potatoes (Temperature, see following; 90 to 95% rh) |
| 358 | Pumpkins and Squash Pumpkins and Squash Radishes (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) Radishes (32ËšF and 95 to 100% rh) |
| 359 | Rhubarb (32ËšF and 95% rh) Rhubarb (32ËšF and 95% rh) Rutabagas (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Rutabagas (32ËšF and 98 to 100% rh) Spinach (32ËšF and 95 to 98% rh) Spinach (32ËšF and 95 to 98% rh) Sweet Potatoes (55 to 60ËšF, 85 to 90% rh) Sweet Potatoes (55 to 60ËšF, 85 to 90% rh) Tomatoes (Mature Green, 55 to 70ËšF; Ripe, 50ËšF; 90 to 95% rh) Tomatoes (Mature Green, 55 to 70ËšF; Ripe, 50ËšF; 90 to 95% rh) |
| 360 | Turnips (32ËšF and 95% rh) Turnips (32ËšF and 95% rh) References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 361 | R06_CH25_I-P R06_CH25_I-P Orange Juice Orange Juice Orange Concentrate Orange Concentrate Selecting, Handling, and Processing Fresh Fruit Selecting, Handling, and Processing Fresh Fruit |
| 363 | Cold Storage Cold Storage Concentration Methods Concentration Methods Thermally Accelerated Short-Time Evaporator (TASTE) Thermally Accelerated Short-Time Evaporator (TASTE) |
| 364 | Freeze Concentration Freeze Concentration Quality Control Quality Control Chilled Juice Chilled Juice |
| 365 | Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration Equipment Refrigeration Equipment Refrigeration Loads Refrigeration Loads Compressor Manifolding Compressor Manifolding Pure Fruit Juice Powders Pure Fruit Juice Powders |
| 366 | Other Citrus Juices Other Citrus Juices Grapefruit Juice Grapefruit Juice Blended Grapefruit and Orange Juice Blended Grapefruit and Orange Juice Tangerine Juice Tangerine Juice Noncitrus Juices Noncitrus Juices Pineapple Juice Pineapple Juice Apple Juice Apple Juice Grape Juice Grape Juice Concord Grapes Concord Grapes |
| 367 | Muscadines Muscadines Strawberry and Other Berry Juices Strawberry and Other Berry Juices |
| 368 | R06_Ch26_I-P R06_Ch26_I-P Breweries Breweries Malting Malting Process Aspects Process Aspects |
| 370 | Processing Processing Wort Cooling Wort Cooling |
| 371 | Fermenting Cellar Fermenting Cellar Fermenting Cellar Refrigeration Fermenting Cellar Refrigeration |
| 372 | Stock Cellar Stock Cellar Kraeusen Cellar Kraeusen Cellar Finishing Operations Finishing Operations |
| 373 | Outdoor Storage Tanks Outdoor Storage Tanks Hop Storage Hop Storage Yeast Culture Room Yeast Culture Room Pasteurization Pasteurization Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Collection Collection |
| 374 | Liquefaction Liquefaction CO2 Storage and Reevaporation CO2 Storage and Reevaporation Heat Balance Heat Balance Common Refrigeration Systems Common Refrigeration Systems |
| 375 | Vinegar Production Vinegar Production Wine Making Wine Making Must Cooling Must Cooling |
| 376 | Heat Treatment of Red Musts Heat Treatment of Red Musts Juice Cooling Juice Cooling Heat Treatment of Juices Heat Treatment of Juices Fermentation Temperature Control Fermentation Temperature Control |
| 377 | Potassium Bitartrate Crystallization Potassium Bitartrate Crystallization Storage Temperature Control Storage Temperature Control Chill-Proofing Brandies Chill-Proofing Brandies Carbonated Beverages Carbonated Beverages |
| 378 | Beverage and Water Coolers Beverage and Water Coolers Refrigeration Plant Refrigeration Plant Refrigeration Load Refrigeration Load Size of Plant Size of Plant |
| 379 | Liquid Carbon Dioxide Storage Liquid Carbon Dioxide Storage References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 380 | R06_CH27_I-P R06_CH27_I-P Main Dishes, Meals Main Dishes, Meals General Plant Characteristics General Plant Characteristics Preparation, Processing, Unit Operations Preparation, Processing, Unit Operations |
| 381 | Assembly, Filling, and Packaging Assembly, Filling, and Packaging Cooling, Freezing, Casing Cooling, Freezing, Casing |
| 382 | Finished Goods Storage and Shipping Finished Goods Storage and Shipping Refrigeration Loads Refrigeration Loads Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Plant Internal Environment Plant Internal Environment Vegetables Vegetables |
| 383 | International Production International Production Vegetables in Other Prepared Foods Vegetables in Other Prepared Foods Refrigeration Loads and Systems Refrigeration Loads and Systems |
| 384 | Fruits Fruits Refrigeration Loads and Systems Refrigeration Loads and Systems Potato Products Potato Products French Fries French Fries |
| 385 | Formed Potato Products Formed Potato Products Hash Brown Potatoes Hash Brown Potatoes Refrigeration Loads and Systems Refrigeration Loads and Systems Other Prepared Foods Other Prepared Foods |
| 386 | Long-Term Storage Long-Term Storage Bibliography Bibliography |
| 387 | R06_Ch28_I-P R06_Ch28_I-P Ingredient Storage Ingredient Storage |
| 388 | Mixing Mixing Mixers Mixers Dough Systems Dough Systems |
| 389 | Dough Cooling Dough Cooling Fermentation Fermentation Bread Makeup Bread Makeup |
| 390 | Final Proof Final Proof Baking Baking Bread Cooling Bread Cooling |
| 391 | Slicing and Wrapping Slicing and Wrapping Bread Freezing Bread Freezing |
| 392 | Freezing Other Bakery Products Freezing Other Bakery Products Frozen Pre-Proofed Bakery Products Frozen Pre-Proofed Bakery Products |
| 393 | Retarding Doughs and Batters Retarding Doughs and Batters Choice of Refrigerants Choice of Refrigerants References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 394 | R06_Ch29_I-P R06_Ch29_I-P Candy Manufacture Candy Manufacture Milk and Dark Chocolate Milk and Dark Chocolate |
| 395 | Hand Dipping and Enrobing Hand Dipping and Enrobing Bar Candy Bar Candy |
| 396 | Hard Candy Hard Candy Hot Rooms Hot Rooms Cold Rooms Cold Rooms |
| 397 | Cooling Tunnels Cooling Tunnels Coating Kettles or Pans Coating Kettles or Pans Packing Rooms Packing Rooms Refrigeration Plant Refrigeration Plant |
| 398 | Storage Storage Candy Candy Color Color |
| 399 | Flavor Flavor Texture Texture Insects Insects Storage Temperature Storage Temperature |
| 400 | Humidity Requirements Humidity Requirements Nuts Nuts Temperature Temperature Relative Humidity Relative Humidity Atmosphere Atmosphere Packaging Packaging Dried Fruits and Vegetables Dried Fruits and Vegetables |
| 401 | Dried Fruit Storage Dried Fruit Storage Dried Vegetable Storage Dried Vegetable Storage Controlled Atmosphere Controlled Atmosphere |
| 402 | R06_CH30_I-P R06_CH30_I-P Vehicles Vehicles Vehicle Design Considerations Vehicle Design Considerations |
| 404 | Equipment Equipment |
| 406 | Equipment Design and Selection Factors Equipment Design and Selection Factors |
| 408 | Qualification Testing Qualification Testing |
| 409 | System Application Factors System Application Factors |
| 410 | Operations Operations |
| 412 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 413 | R06_Ch31_I-P R06_Ch31_I-P Refrigeration Load Refrigeration Load Refrigeration System Refrigeration System Refrigerants Refrigerants Compressors Compressors Condensers and Coolers Condensers and Coolers |
| 414 | Receivers and Refrigerant Distribution Receivers and Refrigerant Distribution Controls Controls Thermometers and Thermostats Thermometers and Thermostats Cargo Holds Cargo Holds Arrangement Arrangement Space Cooling Space Cooling Insulation and Construction Insulation and Construction |
| 415 | Applying Insulation Applying Insulation |
| 416 | Decks and Doors Decks and Doors Ships’ Refrigerated Stores Ships’ Refrigerated Stores |
| 417 | Commodities Commodities Meats and Poultry Meats and Poultry Fish, Ice Cream, and Bread Fish, Ice Cream, and Bread Fruits and Vegetables Fruits and Vegetables Dairy Products, Ice, and Drinking Water Dairy Products, Ice, and Drinking Water Storage Areas Storage Areas Storage Space Requirements Storage Space Requirements Stores’ Arrangement and Location Stores’ Arrangement and Location |
| 418 | Ship Refrigerated Room Design Ship Refrigerated Room Design Refrigerated Room Construction Refrigerated Room Construction Specific Vessels Specific Vessels Cargo Vessels Cargo Vessels Specifications Specifications Calculations Calculations |
| 419 | Fishing Vessels Fishing Vessels Refrigeration System Design Refrigeration System Design Hold Preparation Hold Preparation Refrigeration with Ice Refrigeration with Ice |
| 420 | Refrigeration with Seawater Refrigeration with Seawater Process Freezing and Cold Storage Process Freezing and Cold Storage References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 421 | R06_Ch32_I-P R06_Ch32_I-P Perishable Air Cargo Perishable Air Cargo Fruits and Vegetables Fruits and Vegetables |
| 422 | Seafood Seafood Animals Animals Perishable Commodity Requirements Perishable Commodity Requirements Design Considerations Design Considerations Shipping Containers Shipping Containers |
| 423 | Transit Refrigeration Transit Refrigeration |
| 424 | Ground Handling Ground Handling Galley Refrigeration Galley Refrigeration |
| 425 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 426 | R06_Ch33_I-P R06_Ch33_I-P Design Considerations for Below- Ambient Refrigerant Piping Design Considerations for Below- Ambient Refrigerant Piping Insulation Properties at Below-Ambient Temperatures Insulation Properties at Below-Ambient Temperatures |
| 427 | Insulation System Water Resistance Insulation System Water Resistance Insulation Systems Insulation Systems Pipe Preparation for Corrosion Control Pipe Preparation for Corrosion Control |
| 428 | Insulation Materials Insulation Materials |
| 429 | Insulation Joint Sealant/Adhesive Insulation Joint Sealant/Adhesive Vapor Retarders Vapor Retarders |
| 432 | Weather Barrier Jacketing Weather Barrier Jacketing Installation Guidelines Installation Guidelines |
| 434 | Maintenance of Insulation Systems Maintenance of Insulation Systems References References |
| 435 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 436 | R06_Ch34_I-P R06_Ch34_I-P Ice Makers Ice Makers Flake Ice Flake Ice |
| 437 | Tubular Ice Tubular Ice Plate Ice Plate Ice |
| 438 | Ice Builders Ice Builders Scale Formation Scale Formation Thermal Storage Thermal Storage |
| 439 | Ice Storage Ice Storage Ice Rake and Live Bottom Bins Ice Rake and Live Bottom Bins |
| 440 | Delivery Systems Delivery Systems Screw and Belt Conveyors Screw and Belt Conveyors Pneumatic Ice Conveying Pneumatic Ice Conveying |
| 441 | Slurry Pumping Slurry Pumping Commercial Ice Commercial Ice Ice-Source Heat Pumps Ice-Source Heat Pumps |
| 442 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 443 | R06_CH35_I-P R06_CH35_I-P Applications Applications Refrigeration Requirements Refrigeration Requirements |
| 444 | Heat Loads Heat Loads |
| 446 | Ice Rink Conditions Ice Rink Conditions |
| 447 | Equipment Selection Equipment Selection Compressors Compressors Evaporators Evaporators Condensers and Heat Recovery Condensers and Heat Recovery Ice Temperature Control Ice Temperature Control |
| 448 | Rink Piping and Pipe Supports Rink Piping and Pipe Supports Headers and Expansion Tanks Headers and Expansion Tanks |
| 449 | Coolant Equipment Coolant Equipment Ice Removal Ice Removal Storage Accumulators Storage Accumulators Energy Consumption Energy Consumption Dehumidifiers Dehumidifiers Rink Floor Design Rink Floor Design |
| 450 | Drainage Drainage Subfloor Heating for Freeze Protection Subfloor Heating for Freeze Protection Preparation of Rink Floor Preparation of Rink Floor |
| 451 | Permanent General-Purpose Rink Floor Permanent General-Purpose Rink Floor All-Purpose Floors All-Purpose Floors Header Trench Header Trench Snow Melt Pit Snow Melt Pit Building, Maintaining, and Planing Ice Surfaces Building, Maintaining, and Planing Ice Surfaces |
| 452 | Pebbling Pebbling Water Quality Water Quality Imitation Ice-Skating Surfaces Imitation Ice-Skating Surfaces References References |
| 453 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 454 | R06_CH36_I-P R06_CH36_I-P Concrete Dams Concrete Dams Methods of Temperature Control Methods of Temperature Control Cement Selection and Pozzolanic Admixtures Cement Selection and Pozzolanic Admixtures Cooling with Embedded Coils Cooling with Embedded Coils Cooling with Chilled Water and Ice Cooling with Chilled Water and Ice |
| 455 | Cooling by Inundation Cooling by Inundation Air-Blast Cooling Air-Blast Cooling |
| 456 | Other Cooling Methods Other Cooling Methods System Selection Parameters System Selection Parameters Control of Subsurface Water Flow Control of Subsurface Water Flow |
| 457 | Soil Stabilization Soil Stabilization Thermal Design Thermal Design Piling Design Piling Design Slab-on-Grade Buildings, Outdoor Slabs, and Equipment Pads Slab-on-Grade Buildings, Outdoor Slabs, and Equipment Pads Design Considerations Design Considerations Passive Cooling Passive Cooling Air Convection Systems Air Convection Systems Liquid Convection Systems Liquid Convection Systems |
| 458 | Two-Phase Systems (Heat Pipes) Two-Phase Systems (Heat Pipes) Active Systems Active Systems |
| 459 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 460 | R06_Ch37_I-P R06_Ch37_I-P Flow Sheets and Specifications Flow Sheets and Specifications Refrigeration: Service or Utility Refrigeration: Service or Utility |
| 461 | Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Production Philosophy Production Philosophy Flexibility Requirements Flexibility Requirements Safety Requirements Safety Requirements Corrosion Corrosion Toxicity Toxicity |
| 462 | Fire and Explosion Fire and Explosion Refrigeration System Malfunction Refrigeration System Malfunction Maintenance Maintenance Equipment Characteristics Equipment Characteristics Automation Automation |
| 463 | Outdoor Construction Outdoor Construction Energy Recovery Energy Recovery Performance Testing Performance Testing Insulation Requirements Insulation Requirements Design Standards and Codes Design Standards and Codes Start-Up and Shutdown Start-Up and Shutdown |
| 464 | Refrigerants Refrigerants Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems |
| 465 | Refrigeration Equipment Refrigeration Equipment Compressors Compressors Absorption Equipment Absorption Equipment Condensers Condensers |
| 466 | Evaporators Evaporators |
| 467 | Instrumentation and Controls Instrumentation and Controls Cooling Towers and Spray Ponds Cooling Towers and Spray Ponds Miscellaneous Equipment Miscellaneous Equipment References References |
| 468 | R06_CH38_I-P R06_CH38_I-P General Applications General Applications Low-Temperature Properties Low-Temperature Properties Fluid Properties Fluid Properties |
| 470 | Thermal Properties Thermal Properties |
| 472 | Electrical and Magnetic Properties Electrical and Magnetic Properties |
| 473 | Mechanical Properties Mechanical Properties Refrigeration and Liquefaction Refrigeration and Liquefaction Isenthalpic Expansion Isenthalpic Expansion |
| 474 | Isentropic Expansion Isentropic Expansion |
| 475 | Combined Isenthalpic and Isentropic Expansion Combined Isenthalpic and Isentropic Expansion Mixed-Refrigerant Cycle Mixed-Refrigerant Cycle |
| 477 | Comparison of Refrigeration and Liquefaction Systems Comparison of Refrigeration and Liquefaction Systems |
| 478 | Cryocoolers Cryocoolers Recuperative Systems Recuperative Systems |
| 481 | Regenerative Systems Regenerative Systems |
| 483 | Separation and Purification of Gases Separation and Purification of Gases |
| 484 | Air Separation Air Separation |
| 485 | Helium Recovery Helium Recovery Natural Gas Processing Natural Gas Processing |
| 486 | Purification Procedures Purification Procedures |
| 487 | Equipment Equipment Compression Systems Compression Systems Expansion Devices Expansion Devices |
| 488 | Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers |
| 490 | Low-Temperature Insulations Low-Temperature Insulations |
| 491 | High-Vacuum Insulation High-Vacuum Insulation Evacuated Multilayer Insulations Evacuated Multilayer Insulations |
| 492 | Evacuated Powder and Fibrous Insulations Evacuated Powder and Fibrous Insulations Homogeneous Material Insulations Homogeneous Material Insulations |
| 493 | Composite Material Insulations Systems Composite Material Insulations Systems Storage and Transfer Systems Storage and Transfer Systems Storage Systems Storage Systems |
| 494 | Transfer Systems Transfer Systems Instrumentation Instrumentation Pressure Measurements Pressure Measurements Thermometry Thermometry Liquid-Level Measurements Liquid-Level Measurements Density Measurements Density Measurements |
| 495 | Flow Measurements Flow Measurements Hazards of Cryogenic Systems Hazards of Cryogenic Systems Physiological Hazards Physiological Hazards Construction and Operations Hazards Construction and Operations Hazards |
| 496 | Flammability and Detonability Hazards Flammability and Detonability Hazards |
| 497 | Hazard Evaluation Summary Hazard Evaluation Summary References References |
| 498 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 499 | R06_Ch39_I-P R06_Ch39_I-P Autocascade Systems Autocascade Systems Operational Characteristics Operational Characteristics |
| 500 | Design Considerations Design Considerations Custom-Designed and Field-Erected Systems Custom-Designed and Field-Erected Systems Single-Refrigerant Systems Single-Refrigerant Systems Two-Stage Systems Two-Stage Systems Refrigerant and Compressor Selection Refrigerant and Compressor Selection |
| 501 | Special Multistage Systems Special Multistage Systems Cascade Systems Cascade Systems |
| 502 | Refrigerants for Low-Temperature Circuit Refrigerants for Low-Temperature Circuit |
| 503 | Compressor Lubrication Compressor Lubrication Compressors Compressors |
| 504 | Choice of Metal for Piping and Vessels Choice of Metal for Piping and Vessels Low-Temperature Materials Low-Temperature Materials Metals Metals |
| 505 | Thermoplastic Polymers Thermoplastic Polymers |
| 506 | Thermosetting Plastics Thermosetting Plastics Fiber Composites Fiber Composites |
| 507 | Adhesives Adhesives Insulation Insulation Heat Transfer Heat Transfer |
| 509 | Secondary Coolants Secondary Coolants References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 510 | R06_CH40_I-P R06_CH40_I-P Preservation Applications Preservation Applications Principles of Biological Preservation Principles of Biological Preservation |
| 512 | Preservation of Biological Materials by Freezing Preservation of Biological Materials by Freezing |
| 513 | Preservation of Biological Materials by Freeze Drying Preservation of Biological Materials by Freeze Drying |
| 514 | Preservation of Biological Materials by Vitrification Preservation of Biological Materials by Vitrification Preservation of Biological Materials by Undercooling Preservation of Biological Materials by Undercooling |
| 515 | Research Applications Research Applications Electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation Electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation Cryomicroscopy Cryomicroscopy |
| 516 | Cryomicrotome Cryomicrotome Clinical Applications Clinical Applications Hypothermia Hypothermia Cryosurgery Cryosurgery |
| 517 | Refrigeration Hardware for Cryobiological Applications Refrigeration Hardware for Cryobiological Applications |
| 518 | References References |
| 520 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 521 | R06_CH41_I-P R06_CH41_I-P Water/Lithium Bromide Absorption Technology Water/Lithium Bromide Absorption Technology Components and Terminology Components and Terminology |
| 522 | Single-Effect Lithium Bromide Chillers Single-Effect Lithium Bromide Chillers |
| 523 | Single-Effect Heat Transformers Single-Effect Heat Transformers Double-Effect Chillers Double-Effect Chillers |
| 526 | Operation Operation |
| 527 | Machine Setup and Maintenance Machine Setup and Maintenance Ammonia/Water Absorption Equipment Ammonia/Water Absorption Equipment Residential Chillers and Components Residential Chillers and Components |
| 528 | Domestic Absorption Refrigerators and Controls Domestic Absorption Refrigerators and Controls |
| 529 | Industrial Absorption Refrigeration Units Industrial Absorption Refrigeration Units Special Applications and Emerging Products Special Applications and Emerging Products Systems Combining Power Production with Waste-Heat-Activated Absorption Cooling Systems Combining Power Production with Waste-Heat-Activated Absorption Cooling |
| 530 | Triple-Effect Cycles Triple-Effect Cycles GAX (Generator-Absorber Heat Exchange) Cycle GAX (Generator-Absorber Heat Exchange) Cycle Solid-Vapor Sorption Systems Solid-Vapor Sorption Systems Liquid Desiccant/Absorption Systems Liquid Desiccant/Absorption Systems Information Sources Information Sources |
| 531 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 532 | R06_CH42_I-P R06_CH42_I-P Types of Forced-Circulation Air Coolers Types of Forced-Circulation Air Coolers |
| 533 | Components Components Draw-Through and Blow-Through Airflow Draw-Through and Blow-Through Airflow Fan Assemblies Fan Assemblies |
| 534 | Casing Casing Coil Construction Coil Construction Frost Control Frost Control Operational Controls Operational Controls Air Movement and Distribution Air Movement and Distribution |
| 535 | Unit Ratings Unit Ratings Refrigerant Velocity Refrigerant Velocity Frost Condition Frost Condition Defrosting Defrosting |
| 536 | Basic Cooling Capacity Basic Cooling Capacity |
| 537 | Installation and Operation Installation and Operation More Information More Information References References |
| 538 | R06_CH43_I-P R06_CH43_I-P Refrigeration System Refrigeration System Components Components |
| 539 | Selecting Design Balance Points Selecting Design Balance Points |
| 540 | Energy and Mass Balances Energy and Mass Balances |
| 541 | System Performance System Performance |
| 542 | R06_CH44_I-P R06_CH44_I-P Control Switches Control Switches Pressure Switches Pressure Switches |
| 543 | Temperature Switches (Thermostats) Temperature Switches (Thermostats) Differential Switches Differential Switches |
| 544 | Float Switches Float Switches |
| 545 | Control Sensors Control Sensors Pressure Transducers Pressure Transducers Thermistors Thermistors Resistance Temperature Detectors Resistance Temperature Detectors Thermocouples Thermocouples Liquid Level Sensors Liquid Level Sensors |
| 546 | Control Valves Control Valves Thermostatic Expansion Valves Thermostatic Expansion Valves |
| 551 | Electric Expansion Valves Electric Expansion Valves Regulating and Throttling Valves Regulating and Throttling Valves |
| 552 | Evaporator-Pressure-Regulating Valves Evaporator-Pressure-Regulating Valves |
| 554 | Constant-Pressure Expansion Valves Constant-Pressure Expansion Valves |
| 555 | Suction-Pressure-Regulating Valves Suction-Pressure-Regulating Valves Condenser-Pressure-Regulating Valves Condenser-Pressure-Regulating Valves |
| 556 | Discharge Bypass Valves Discharge Bypass Valves |
| 557 | High-Side Float Valves High-Side Float Valves Low-Side Float Valves Low-Side Float Valves |
| 558 | Solenoid Valves Solenoid Valves |
| 560 | Condensing Water Regulators Condensing Water Regulators |
| 561 | Check Valves Check Valves |
| 562 | Relief Devices Relief Devices |
| 564 | Discharge-Line Lubricant Separators Discharge-Line Lubricant Separators Capillary Tubes Capillary Tubes |
| 567 | Adiabatic Capillary Tube Selection Procedure Adiabatic Capillary Tube Selection Procedure |
| 569 | Capillary-Tube/Suction-Line Heat Exchanger Selection Procedure Capillary-Tube/Suction-Line Heat Exchanger Selection Procedure |
| 571 | Short-Tube Restrictors Short-Tube Restrictors |
| 573 | References References |
| 574 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 575 | R06_CH45_I-P R06_CH45_I-P Dehydration (Moisture Removal) Dehydration (Moisture Removal) Sources of Moisture Sources of Moisture Dehydration by Heat, Vacuum, or Dry Air Dehydration by Heat, Vacuum, or Dry Air |
| 576 | Combination Methods Combination Methods |
| 577 | Moisture Measurement Moisture Measurement |
| 578 | Charging Charging Testing for Leaks Testing for Leaks Leak Detection Methods Leak Detection Methods |
| 579 | Special Considerations Special Considerations Performance Testing Performance Testing Compressor Testing Compressor Testing |
| 580 | Testing Complete Systems Testing Complete Systems Testing of Components Testing of Components |
| 581 | References References |
| 582 | R06_CH46_I-P R06_CH46_I-P Display Refrigerators Display Refrigerators |
| 583 | Product Temperatures Product Temperatures |
| 584 | Store Ambient Effect Store Ambient Effect |
| 585 | Display Refrigerator Cooling Load and Heat Sources Display Refrigerator Cooling Load and Heat Sources |
| 587 | Refrigerator Construction Refrigerator Construction Cleaning and Sanitizing Equipment Cleaning and Sanitizing Equipment Refrigeration Systems for Display Refrigerators Refrigeration Systems for Display Refrigerators Merchandising Applications Merchandising Applications |
| 590 | Frozen Food and Ice Cream Display Frozen Food and Ice Cream Display |
| 591 | Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Display Refrigerators Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Display Refrigerators |
| 592 | Refrigerated Storage Rooms Refrigerated Storage Rooms Meat Processing Rooms Meat Processing Rooms |
| 593 | Wrapped Meat Storage Wrapped Meat Storage Walk-In Coolers and Freezers Walk-In Coolers and Freezers Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 594 | Typical Systems Typical Systems |
| 595 | Low-Charge Systems Low-Charge Systems |
| 597 | Condensing Methods Condensing Methods Condenser Types Condenser Types |
| 599 | Energy Efficiency of Condensers Energy Efficiency of Condensers Noise Noise Heat Recovery Strategies Heat Recovery Strategies Space Heating Space Heating |
| 600 | Water Heating Water Heating Liquid Subcooling Strategies Liquid Subcooling Strategies Methods of Defrost Methods of Defrost Conventional Refrigeration Systems Conventional Refrigeration Systems |
| 601 | Low-Charge Systems Low-Charge Systems Defrost Control Strategies Defrost Control Strategies Supermarket Air-Conditioning Systems Supermarket Air-Conditioning Systems System Types System Types Comfort Considerations Comfort Considerations |
| 602 | Interaction with Refrigeration Interaction with Refrigeration Environmental Control Environmental Control Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency References References |
| 603 | R06_Ch47_I-P R06_Ch47_I-P Refrigerated Cabinets Refrigerated Cabinets Reach-In Cabinets Reach-In Cabinets Roll-In Cabinets Roll-In Cabinets |
| 604 | Product Temperatures Product Temperatures Typical Construction Typical Construction Specialty Applications Specialty Applications |
| 605 | Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Food Freezers Food Freezers Blast Chillers and Blast Freezers Blast Chillers and Blast Freezers Walk-In Coolers/Freezers Walk-In Coolers/Freezers |
| 606 | Operating Temperatures Operating Temperatures Typical Construction Typical Construction Door Construction Door Construction Walk-In Floors Walk-In Floors Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Compressors Compressors Evaporators Evaporators |
| 607 | Refrigeration Sizing Refrigeration Sizing Maintenance and Operation Maintenance and Operation Vending Machines Vending Machines Types of Refrigerated Vending Machines Types of Refrigerated Vending Machines Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Cooling Load Components Cooling Load Components |
| 608 | Sensitivity to Surroundings Sensitivity to Surroundings Maintenance and Operation Maintenance and Operation Ice Machines Ice Machines Typical Operation and Construction Typical Operation and Construction Refrigeration Systems Refrigeration Systems Maintenance and Operations Maintenance and Operations |
| 609 | Preparation Tables Preparation Tables Product Temperatures Product Temperatures Typical Construction Typical Construction Energy Efficiency Opportunities Energy Efficiency Opportunities |
| 610 | References References |
| 611 | R06_Ch48_I-P R06_Ch48_I-P Primary Functions Primary Functions Performance Characteristics Performance Characteristics |
| 612 | Energy Efficiency Standards and Test Procedures Energy Efficiency Standards and Test Procedures Safety Requirements Safety Requirements |
| 613 | Durability and Service Durability and Service Cabinets Cabinets Use of Space Use of Space Special-Purpose Compartments Special-Purpose Compartments Ice and Water Service Ice and Water Service Thermal Considerations Thermal Considerations |
| 614 | Structure and Materials Structure and Materials |
| 615 | Moisture Sealing Moisture Sealing Door Latching and Entrapment Door Latching and Entrapment Cabinet Testing Cabinet Testing Refrigerating Systems Refrigerating Systems |
| 616 | Refrigerating Circuit Refrigerating Circuit Defrosting Defrosting Evaporator Evaporator |
| 617 | Condenser Condenser Fans Fans Capillary Tube Capillary Tube |
| 618 | Compressor Compressor |
| 619 | Temperature Control System Temperature Control System System Design and Balance System Design and Balance Processing and Assembly Procedures Processing and Assembly Procedures Evaluation Evaluation Environmental Test Rooms Environmental Test Rooms |
| 620 | Standard Performance Test Procedures Standard Performance Test Procedures Special Performance Testing Special Performance Testing |
| 621 | Materials Testing Materials Testing Component Life Testing Component Life Testing Field Testing Field Testing References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 622 | R06_Ch49_I-P R06_Ch49_I-P Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations |
| 648 | ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATIONS |
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