Name: ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook SI 2011 PDF - PDF Standards Store
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The 2011 ASHRAE Handbook: HVAC Applications comprises over 60 chapters covering a broad range of facilities and topics, and is written to help engineers design and use equipment and systems described in other Handbook volumes. ASHRAE Technical Committees have revised nearly every chapter to cover current requirements, technology, and design practice.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	2011 ASHRAE HANDBOOK HVAC Applications SI Edition Supported by ASHRAE Research
2	SI_11FrontMatter
3	Dedicated To The Advancement Of The Profession And Its Allied Industries DISCLAIMER
12	A11_Ch01_SI Systems
13	Equipment Sizing
14	Single-Family Residences Heat Pumps Furnaces Hydronic Heating Systems
15	Zoned Heating Systems Solar Heating Unitary Air Conditioners
16	Evaporative Coolers Humidifiers Dehumidifiers Air Filters
17	Controls Multifamily Residences Forced-Air Systems Hydronic Systems Through-the-Wall Units Water-Loop Heat Pumps Special Concerns for Apartment Buildings
18	Manufactured Homes References
20	A11_Ch02_SI General Criteria Small Stores Design Considerations
21	Discount, Big-Box, and Supercenter Stores Load Determination Design Considerations
22	Supermarkets Load Determination Design Considerations
24	Department Stores Load Determination
25	Design Considerations Convenience Centers Design Considerations Regional Shopping Centers
26	Design Considerations Multiple-Use Complexes Load Determination Design Considerations
27	References
28	A11_Ch03_SI Office Buildings General Design Considerations
29	Design Criteria Load Characteristics
30	Design Concepts
31	Systems and Equipment Selection
32	Special Systems Spatial Requirements
33	Special Considerations Transportation Centers Airports Cruise Terminals Design Criteria Load Characteristics Design Concepts
34	Systems and Equipment Selection Special Considerations
35	Warehouses and Distribution Centers General Design Considerations Design Criteria Load Characteristics Design Concepts
36	Systems and Equipment Selection Spatial Requirements Special Considerations Sustainability and Energy Efficiency Energy Considerations Energy Efficiency and Integrated Design Process for Commercial Facilities Building Energy Modeling
37	Energy Benchmarking and Benchmarking Tools Combined Heat and Power in Commercial Facilities
38	Renewable Energy Value Engineering and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
39	Commissioning and Retrocommissioning Commissioning: New Construction Commissioning: Existing Buildings
40	Seismic and Wind Restraint Considerations References Bibliography
42	A11_Ch04_SI Stack Effect Theory
43	Practical Considerations of Stack Effect Minimizing Stack Effect
44	Typical HVAC Design Process Program Phase Schematic Design Preliminary Design or Design Development
45	Final Design and Preparation of Construction Documents Construction Phase Acceptance or Commissioning Phase Postoccupancy Services Evolution of Design Intent Statement Safety Factors Systems System Selection Considerations Air-Conditioning System Alternatives
46	Central Mechanical Equipment Room Versus Floor-by-Floor Fan Rooms
47	Central Fan Room (Alternative 1) Floor-by-Floor Fan Rooms with Chilled-Water Units (Alternative 2) Floor-by-Floor Fan Rooms with Direct Expansion Units (Alternative 3) Floor-by-Floor Units Located on an Outside Wall
49	Comparison of Alternative Schemes Acoustics Central Heating and Cooling Plants
51	Plant Economic Considerations Central Plant Location
52	Acoustical Considerations of Central Plant Locations Effect of Central Plant Location on Construction Schedule Water Distribution Systems Hydrostatic Considerations Effect of Refrigeration Machine Location
53	Chilled-Water Pressure Reduction
54	Piping, Valves, and Fittings Piping Design Considerations Economics of Temperature Differentials Vertical Transportation Elevator Machine Room Cooling
55	Elevator Hoistway and Machine Room Venting Life Safety in Tall Buildings Codes and Standards Components of Life Safety Systems for Tall Buildings Detection Automatic Sprinkler Protection Standpipe System Smoke Management Emergency Power
56	Fire Command Center REFERENCES
57	A11_Ch05_SI General Criteria Safety and Security Outdoor Air Lighting Loads Indoor Air Conditions Filtration Noise and Vibration Control
58	Ancillary Facilities Air Conditioning Peak Load Reduction Stratification Air Distribution
59	Mechanical Equipment Rooms Houses of Worship Auditoriums Movie Theaters Performance Theaters
60	Concert Halls Arenas and Stadiums Load Characteristics Enclosed Stadiums Ancillary Spaces
61	Ice Rinks Gymnasiums Convention and Exhibition Centers Load Characteristics System Applicability
62	Natatoriums Environmental Control Humidity Control Load Estimation Ventilation Requirements
63	Duct Design Envelope Design Pool Water Chemistry
64	Energy Considerations Fairs and Other Temporary Exhibits Design Concepts Occupancy Equipment and Maintenance
65	Air Cleanliness System Applicability Atriums References Bibliography
67	A11_Ch06_SI Load Characteristics Design Concepts and Criteria Systems Energy-Efficient Systems
68	Energy-Neutral Systems Energy-Inefficient Systems
69	Total Energy Systems Special Considerations Hotels and Motels Table 1 Hotel Classes
70	Table 2 Hotel Design Criteria a,b Guest Rooms
72	Public Areas Back-of-the-House (BOTH) Areas Special Concerns
74	Dormitories Multiple-Use Complexes References Bibliography
75	A11_Ch07_SI Preschools General Design Considerations Design Criteria
76	Load Characteristics Humidity Control Systems and Equipment Selection K-12 Schools General and Design Considerations
78	Design Criteria
79	Load Characteristics
80	Humidity Control Systems and Equipment Selection
83	Displacement Ventilation and Active/Induction Chilled Beams
85	Colleges and Universities General and Design Considerations
86	Housing Athletics and Recreational Facilities Social and Support Facilities
87	Cultural Centers Central Utility Plants Sustainability and Energy Efficiency Advanced Energy Design Guide (AEDG) for K-12 Schools ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2009 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
88	ENERGY STAR for K-12 Facilities Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) Laboratories for the 21st Century (Labs21) EnergySmart Schools Other Domestic and International Rating Systems Energy Considerations
89	Energy Efficiency and Integrated Design Process (IDP)
90	Building Energy Modeling Energy Benchmarking and Benchmarking Tools
91	Combined Heat and Power in Educational Facilities Renewable Energy
92	Value Engineering (VE) and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)
93	The School as a Learning Tool for Sustainability Commissioning and Retrocommissioning
94	Commissioning: New Construction Commissioning Existing Buildings Seismic- and Wind-Restraint Considerations References
95	Bibliography
97	A11_Ch08_SI Air Conditioning in Disease Prevention and Treatment
98	Hospital Facilities Infection Sources and Control Measures Air Quality
99	Air Movement
100	Temperature and Humidity Pressure Relationships and Ventilation
101	Smoke Control Specific Design Criteria Surgery and Critical Care
104	Nursing
105	Ancillary
107	Administration Diagnostic and Treatment
108	Sterilizing and Supply Service
109	Continuity of Service and Energy Concepts Zoning Heating and Hot-Water Standby Service Mechanical Cooling Insulation Energy
110	Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing (TAB) Outpatient Health Care Facilities Diagnostic Clinics Treatment Clinics Design Criteria Continuity of Service and Energy Concepts Nursing Facilities Design Concepts and Criteria
111	Applicability of Systems Dental Care Facilities
112	References Bibliography
113	A11_Ch09_SI Terminology General System Requirements
114	Energy Considerations Heating and Cooling Plants and Mechanical Rooms
115	Controls Fire/Smoke Management Tear Gas and Pepper Spray Storage and Exhaust Health Issues Jails, Prisons, and Family Courts HVAC Design Criteria
116	System Requirements Dining Halls Kitchens Guard Stations Control Rooms Laundries Courthouses HVAC Design Criteria System Requirements
117	Courtrooms/Chambers Jury Facilities Libraries Jail Cells and U.S. Marshal Spaces (24-h Spaces) Fitness Facilities Acoustic Performance Forensic Labs HVAC Design Criteria
118	System Requirements Intake Air Quality Firearms Laboratories Acoustic Performance
119	Critical Spaces Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) Bibliography
121	A11_Ch10_SI Design Factors Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
122	Cooling Load Factors Operational Environment of Components Airborne Contaminants and Ventilation
123	Power Consumption and Availability Physical Parameters, Access, and Durability Noise and Vibration Vehicle Front-End Design Air-Handling Subsystem Air Delivery Modes
124	Controls Air-Handling Subsystem Components
127	Heating Subsystem Controls Components Refrigeration Subsystem
128	Controls Components
132	Advanced Technologies
133	References
134	Bibliography
135	A11_Ch11_SI Ventilation and Thermal Comfort
136	Thermal Load Analysis Cooling Design Considerations Heating Design Considerations Other Considerations Bus Air Conditioning Heat Load
137	Air Distribution Interurban Buses Urban Buses
138	Small or Shuttle Buses Refrigerant Piping
139	Shock and Vibration System Safety Controls Rail Car Air Conditioning Vehicle Types
140	Equipment Design Considerations
141	Other Requirements Air Distribution and Ventilation Piping Design Control Requirements Fixed-Guideway Vehicle Air Conditioning System Types
142	Refrigeration Components Heating Controls Ventilation
143	Air Distribution References Bibliography
145	A11_Ch12_SI Design Conditions Ambient Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure Heating/Air Conditioning Load Determination
146	Ambient Air Temperature in Flight
147	Air Speed and Mach Number Ambient Pressure in Flight External Heat Transfer Coefficient in Flight External Heat Transfer Coefficient on Ground
148	External Radiation Conduction Stack Pressure across Cabin Wall
149	Metabolic Heat from Occupants
150	Internal Heat Sources Temperature Control Air Velocity Ventilation
152	Dilution Ventilation and TLV Air Exchange
153	Filtration Pressurization/Oxygen System Description
154	Pneumatic System Air Conditioning
155	Cabin Pressure Control Typical Flight Engine Bleed Air Control
156	Ozone Protection Air Conditioning and Temperature Control Air Recirculation Air Distribution
157	Cabin Pressure Control Air Quality Factors Affecting Perceived Air Quality Airflow Air Changes
158	Ozone Microbial Aerosols Activity Levels Volatile Organic Compounds Carbon Dioxide Regulations
159	14 CFR/CS/JAR Paragraph 25.831: Ventilation 14 CFR 25.831, Amendment 25-87 (specifies new requirements) FAA Advisory Circular (AC)/CS AMJ/JAR ACJ: Acceptable Means of Compliance/Advisory Circular-Joint 25.831 14 CFR/CS 25.832: Cabin Ozone Concentration 14 CFR/CS/JAR 25.841: Pressurized Cabins 14 CFR Amendment 25-87 14 CFR/CS/JAR 25.1301: Function and Installation 14 CFR/CS/JAR 25.1309: Equipment, Systems, and Installations 14 CFR/CS 25.1438: Pressurization and Pneumatic Systems 14 CFR/CS/JAR 25.1461: Equipment Containing High-Energy Rotors
160	Categories and Definitions References BIBLIOGRAPHY
161	A11_Ch13_SI Merchant Ships Load Calculations
162	Equipment Typical Systems Air Distribution Methods
163	Control Regulatory Agencies Naval Surface Ships Design Criteria Load Determination Equipment Selection
164	Typical Air Systems Air Distribution Methods Control References Bibliography
165	A11_Ch14_SI General Requirements Process and Product Requirements Rate of Chemical Reaction Rate of Crystallization Rate of Biochemical Reaction Product Accuracy and Uniformity
167	Product Formability Moisture Regain
168	Corrosion, Rust, and Abrasion Air Cleanliness Static Electricity Employee Requirements Thermal Control Levels
169	Contamination Control Levels Design Considerations
170	Load Calculations Solar and Transmission Internal Heat Generation Stratification Effect Makeup Air Fan Heat System and Equipment Selection Heating Systems Floor Heating Unit and Ducted Heaters
171	Infrared Heaters Cooling Systems Refrigerated Cooling Systems Evaporative Cooling Systems Air Filtration Systems Exhaust Air Filtration Systems
172	Contamination Control Exhaust Systems Operation and Maintenance Heat Recovery and Energy Conservation References
173	Bibliography
175	A11_Ch15_SI Tunnels Tunnel Ventilation Concepts Tunnel Ventilation Systems Design Approach
177	Tunnel Fires Road Tunnels
185	Rapid Transit Tunnels and Stations
190	Railroad Tunnels
192	Parking Garages
193	Ventilation Requirements and Design
195	Automotive Repair Facilities Bus Garages Maintenance and Repair Areas
196	Servicing Areas Storage Areas Design Considerations and Equipment Selection
197	Effects of Alternative Fuel Use Bus Terminals
198	Platforms Bus Operation Areas
199	Calculation of Ventilation Rate
200	Tollbooths Air Quality Criteria
201	Design Considerations Equipment Selection Diesel Locomotive Facilities Ventilation Guidelines and Facility Types
202	Contaminant Level Criteria Contaminant Emission Rate
204	Locomotive Operation Design Methods
207	Equipment Fans
208	Dampers
211	National and International Safety Standards and Guidelines National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
212	World Road Association (PIARC) Country-Specific Standards and Guidelines Building and Fire Codes References
214	Bibliography
215	A11_Ch16_SI Laboratory Types Laboratory Resource Materials
216	Hazard Assessment Design Parameters Internal Thermal Considerations Architectural Considerations
217	Laboratory Exhaust and Containment Devices Fume Hoods
218	Types of Fume Hoods Fume Hood Sash Configurations Fume Hood Performance
219	Face Velocity Test
220	Biological Safety Cabinets
221	Class I Cabinets Class II Cabinets Class III Cabinets
222	Miscellaneous Exhaust Devices Laminar Flow Clean Benches Compressed Gas Storage and Ventilation Gas Cylinder Closets Gas Cylinder Cabinets Laboratory Ventilation
223	Usage Factor Noise Supply Air Systems Filtration Air Distribution Exhaust Systems
224	Types of Exhaust Systems Ductwork Leakage
225	Containment Device Leakage Materials and Construction Fire Safety for Ventilation Systems
226	Control Thermal Control Constant Air Volume (CAV) Versus Variable Air Volume (VAV) Room Airflow Control Room Pressure Control
227	Fume Hood Control Stack Heights and Air Intakes Stack/Intake Separation Stack Height
228	Stack Height plus Momentum Architectural Screens Criteria for Suitable Dilution Adjacent Building Effects Applications Laboratory Animal Facilities Primary Uses of Animal Housing Facilities
229	Regulatory Environment Temperature and Humidity Ventilation
230	Animal Heat Production Design Considerations Caging Systems Ancillary Spaces for Animal Laboratories
231	Containment Laboratories Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 2 Biosafety Level 3 Biosafety Level 4 Biosafety Level 3Ag
232	Scale-Up Laboratories Teaching Laboratories Clinical Laboratories Radiochemistry Laboratories Operation and Maintenance
233	Energy Energy Efficiency Energy Recovery Sustainable Design
234	Commissioning Economics
235	References Bibliography
237	A11_Ch17_SI Engine Heat Release Engine Exhaust
238	Internal Combustion Engine Test Cells Test Cell Exhaust
239	Test Cell Supply Gas-Turbine Test Cells Chassis Dynamometer Rooms
240	Ventilation Combustion Air Supply Cooling Water Systems Noise Bibliography
241	A11_Ch18_SI Terminology
242	Clean Spaces and Cleanroom Applications
243	Airborne Particles and Particle Control Particle Sources in Clean Spaces Fibrous Air Filters Air Pattern Control Nonunidirectional Airflow
244	Unidirectional Airflow
245	Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Air Change Rate Determination
246	Airflow Direction Control Between Clean Spaces Space Pressurization Multiple-Space (Suite) Pressurization
247	Testing Clean Air and Clean Spaces Pharmaceutical and Biomanufacturing Clean Spaces
248	Design Concerns for Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms
250	Barrier Technology Maintainability Controls, Monitors, and Alarms
251	Noise Concerns Nonaseptic Products Start-Up and Qualification of Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms Qualification of HVAC for Aseptic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Qualification Plan and Acceptance Criteria
252	Semiconductor Cleanrooms Cleanroom Advances with Modern Process Technology Semiconductor Cleanroom Configuration
253	Airflow in Semiconductor Cleanrooms
254	Cleanroom Air Velocity and Air Changes High-Bay Cleanrooms Downflow and Horizontal-Flow Designs Air Handling
255	Equipment and Filter Access Prefilter Selection Design Criteria and Indoor Air Quality Environmental Systems Cooling Loads and Cooling Methods Makeup Air
256	Process Exhaust Fire Safety for Exhaust Temperature and Humidity Pressurization
257	Sizing and Redundancy Sustainability and Energy Conservation in Cleanrooms
258	Cleanrooms and Resource Use: Opportunities to Improve Sustainability
259	Noise and Vibration Control Room Construction and Operation Construction Finishes Personnel and Garments Materials and Equipment Particulate Producing Operations Entries Cleanroom Installation and Test Procedures Installation
260	Pressurization Test and Map Operation Personnel Training Program Cleanliness Verification Test
261	Commissioning Process Equipment Installation (Tool Hook-up) Integration of Cleanroom Design and Construction
262	Bibliography
263	A11_Ch19_SI Design Criteria Overview Environmental Specifications
264	Temperature
265	Temperature Rate of Change
266	Humidity Filtration and Contamination Ventilation Envelope Considerations Human Comfort Flexibility Acoustics
267	Vibration Isolation and Seismic Restraint HVAC Load Considerations Datacom Equipment Load Considerations and Challenges
268	Ventilation and Infiltration Electrical Equipment Lights People Building Envelope Heating and Reheat Humidification High-Density Loads HVAC Systems and Components Computer Room Air-Conditioning (CRAC) Units and Computer Room Air-Handling Units (CRAH)
269	Central-Station Air-Handling Units Chilled-Water Distribution Systems
270	Condenser Systems Air-Conditioning Systems Chillers Pumps Piping
271	Humidifiers Controls and Monitoring Air Distribution Equipment Placement and Airflow Patterns
272	Underfloor Plenum Supply
274	Overhead and Ceiling Plenum Supply
275	Return Air Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Ancillary Spaces Electrical Power Distribution and Conditioning Rooms Battery Rooms
276	Engine/Generator Rooms Burn-In Rooms and Test Labs Datacom Equipment Spare Parts Storage Spaces Other Systems and Considerations Fire Suppression Commissioning
277	Serviceability Availability and Redundancy Energy Conservation
278	References
279	Bibliography
281	A11_Ch20_SI Design Criteria Special Considerations
282	Control of Paper Moisture Content Platemaking Relief Printing
283	Lithography Recommended Environment
284	Air Conditioning Rotogravure Other Plant Functions Flexography Collotype Printing Salvage Air Filtration
285	Binding and Shipping References
287	A11_Ch21_SI Terminology Fiber Making
288	Yarn Making Cotton System
289	Woolen and Worsted Systems Twisting Filaments and Yarns Fabric Making Preparatory Processes Weaving
290	Knitting Dyeing and Finishing Air-Conditioning Design Open-Sump Chilled-Water Systems Integrated Systems
291	Collector Systems
292	Air Distribution
293	Health Considerations Safety and Fire Protection Energy Conservation Bibliography
295	A11_Ch22_SI Storing Unprocessed Photographic Materials Processing and Printing Photographic Materials Air Conditioning for Preparatory Operations Air Conditioning for Processing Operations
296	Air Conditioning for the Printing/ Finishing Operation
297	Particulates in Air Other Exhaust Requirements Processing Temperature Control Storing Processed Film and Paper Film Longevity Medium-Term Storage Long-Term Storage
298	Storage of Cellulose Nitrate Base Film Storage of Color Film and Prints Storage of Black-and-White Prints Storage of Digital Images References
299	Bibliography
301	A11_Ch23_SI General Factors Influencing Damage
302	Environmental Effects on Collections Determining Performance Targets
303	Temperature and Humidity
305	Critical Relative Humidity Response Times of Artifacts Airborne Pollutants
306	Sources of Airborne Pollutants Materials Damage Caused by Airborne Pollutants
312	Design Parameters Performance Target Specifications Temperature and Relative Humidity Building Envelope and Climate-Control Issues
313	Airborne Pollutant Targets
316	System Selection and Design Design Issues
317	Primary Elements and Features Filtration
318	Types of Systems
319	Energy and Operating Costs
320	References
322	Bibliography
323	A11_Ch24_SI Design for Animal Environments Design Approach Temperature Control
324	Moisture Control Air Quality Control
325	Disease Control Air Distribution Degree of Shelter
326	Cooling and Heating Air Velocity Evaporative Cooling Mechanical Refrigeration Earth Tubes Heat Exchangers Supplemental Heating Insulation Requirements
327	Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Natural Ventilation Ventilation Management Air Distribution
328	Fans
329	Thermostats Emergency Warning Recommended Practices by Species Dairy Cattle Beef Cattle Swine
330	Poultry
331	Laboratory Animals
332	Design for Plant Facilities Greenhouses Site Selection
333	Heating
334	Cooling
336	Other Environmental Controls
337	Design Conditions Alternative Energy Sources and Energy Conservation Modifications to Reduce Heat Loss
338	Plant Growth Environmental Facilities Location Construction and Materials Floors and Drains Plant Benches
339	Control Heating, Air Conditioning, and Airflow Lighting Environmental Chambers
340	Phytotrons
343	Other Plant Environmental Facilities References
344	Bibliography
347	A11_Ch25_SI Grain Quantity
348	Economics Drying Equipment and Practices Fans Heaters Controls
349	Shallow-Layer Drying Batch Dryers Continuous-Flow Dryers Reducing Energy Costs
350	Deep-Bed Drying Full-Bin Drying
351	Layer Drying Batch-in-Bin Drying
352	Recirculating/Continuous-Flow Bin Drying Drying Specific Crops Soybeans
353	Drying Soybeans for Commercial Use Drying Soybeans for Seed and Food Hay In-Storage Drying
354	Batch Wagon Drying Cotton Peanuts
355	Rice Storage Problems and Practices Moisture Migration Grain Aeration Aeration Systems Design
356	Operating Aeration Systems
357	Seed Storage Bibliography
359	A11_Ch26_SI General Wood Product Operations
360	Process Area Air Conditioning Finished Product Storage Pulp and Paper Operations Paper Machine Area
361	Finishing Area Process and Motor Control Rooms
362	Paper Testing Laboratories Miscellaneous Areas System Selection Bibliography
363	A11_Ch27_SI General Design Criteria Temperature and Humidity
365	Ventilation Rates Infiltration and Exfiltration Filtration and Space Cleanliness Redundancy Noise
366	Ventilation Approach Applications Driving Forces Air Distribution Inlet and Exhaust Areas Noise Impact on Plant Cleanliness Economics Steam Generator Buildings: Industrial and Power Facilities
367	Burner Areas Steam Drum Instrumentation Area
368	Local Control and Instrumentation Areas Coal- and Ash-Handling Areas
369	Stack Effect Sources of Combustion Air Turbine Generator Building
370	Local Control and Instrumentation Areas Deaerator Mezzanine Bridge Crane Operating Rooms Suboperating Level Electric Transformer Rooms Plant Electrical Distribution Equipment and Switchgear/ MCC Rooms Isophase Bus Duct Cooling Combustion Turbine Areas
371	Main Control Center Control Rooms Battery Rooms Turbine Lubricating Oil Storage Oil Storage and Pump Buildings Coal Crusher and Coal Transportation System Buildings Potential for Dust Ignition Explosion
372	Ventilation of Conveyor and Crusher Motors in Coal Dust Environment Cooling or Ventilation of Electrical and Control Equipment Ventilation of Methane Fumes Underground Tunnels and Conveyors Makeup of Dust Collection Air Heating/Cooling Systems Cooling Heating Hydroelectric Power Plants
373	Energy Recovery References Bibliography
375	A11_Ch28_SI Basic Terminology As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Design Normal or Power Design Basis Safety Design Basis
376	Outdoor Conditions Indoor Conditions Indoor Pressures Airborne Radioactivity Tornado/Missile Protection Fire Protection
377	Smoke Management Control Room Habitability Zone Air Filtration
378	Department of Energy Facilities Confinement Systems Zoning Air Locks Zone Pressure Control Cascade Ventilation Differential Pressures Ventilation
379	Ventilation Requirements Ventilation Systems Control Systems Air and Gaseous Effluents Containing Radioactivity
380	Commercial Facilities Operating Nuclear Power Plants Accident Scenarios Major NSSS Types
381	Commercial Plant License Renewal and Power Uprate NEW NUClEAR POWER PLANTS Advanced Passive AP1000 Economic Simplified Boiling-Water Reactor (ESBWR)
382	U.S. Evolutionary Power Reactor (USEPR) Plant HVAC&R Systems Pressurized-Water Reactors Containment Building
383	Boiling-Water Reactors Primary Containment Reactor Building Turbine Building Heavy Water Reactors Containment Inlet Air-Conditioning/Exhaust Ventilation System Areas Outside Primary Containment
384	Auxiliary Building Control Room Control Cable Spreading Rooms Diesel Generator Building Emergency Electrical Switchgear Rooms Battery Rooms Fuel-Handling Building Personnel Facilities Pumphouses Radioactive Waste Building Technical Support Center
385	Nonpower Medical and Research Reactors Laboratories Glove Boxes Laboratory Fume Hoods Radiobenches Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities Low-Level Radioactive Waste Waste-Handling Facilities Reprocessing Plants MIXED-OXIDE FUEL FABRICATION FACILITIES
386	Codes and Standards
389	A11_Ch29_SI Definitions
390	Sources of Heat Entering Mine Air Adiabatic Compression Electromechanical Equipment Groundwater
391	Wall Rock Heat Flow
392	Heat from Broken Rock Heat from Other Sources Summation of Mine Heat Loads Heat Exchangers Shell-and-Tube and Plate Heat Exchangers Cooling Coils
393	Small Spray Chambers Cooling Towers
395	Large Spray Chambers (Bulk Air Coolers) Mine-Cooling Techniques Increasing Airflows Chilling Service Water Reducing Water Pressure and Energy Recovery Systems
396	Bulk Cooling Versus Spot Cooling Combination (Integrated) Surface Systems Underground Refrigeration Ice Plants Thermal Storage Controlled Recirculation
397	Cabs and Vests Other Methods Selecting a Mine-Cooling Method Mechanical Refrigeration Plants Surface Plants Underground Plants
398	Spot Coolers Maintenance Mine Air Heating
399	Mine Ventilation Determining Airflows Planning the Circuit
400	Specifying Circuit Fans Determining Auxiliary System Requirements Assessing Health and Safety
401	References
403	A11_Ch30_SI Mechanism of Drying Applying Hygrometry to Drying
404	Determining Drying Time Commercial Drying Time Dryer Calculations
405	Drying System Selection Types of Drying Systems Radiant Infrared Drying Ultraviolet Radiation Drying Conduction Drying
406	Dielectric Drying Microwave Drying Convection Drying (Direct Dryers)
408	Freeze Drying Vacuum Drying Fluidized-Bed Drying Agitated-Bed Drying Drying in Superheated Vapor Atmospheres Flash Drying
409	Constant-Moisture Solvent Drying References
411	A11_Ch31_SI
412	Ventilation Design Principles General Ventilation Makeup Air General Comfort and Dilution Ventilation Quantity of Supplied Air
413	Air Supply Methods Local Area and Spot Cooling
414	Locker Room, Toilet, and Shower Space Ventilation Roof Ventilators Heat Control Ventilation for Heat Relief
415	Heat Stress—Thermal Standards
416	Heat Exposure Control Energy Conservation, Recovery, and Sustainability
417	References Bibliography
419	A11_Ch32_SI Local Exhaust Versus General Ventilation
420	Local Exhaust Fundamentals System Components System Classification Effectiveness of Local Exhaust
421	Principles of Hood Design Optimization Air Movement in Vicinity of Local Exhaust
422	Pressure Loss in Hoods and Ducts
423	Overhead Canopy Hoods
424	Canopy Hoods with Sidewalls Low Canopy Hoods High Canopy Hood Use as Redundant Control Measure Ventilation Controls for Large-Scale Hot Processes Ventilation Controls for Small-Scale Hot Processes Sidedraft Hoods Other Local Exhaust System Components Duct Design and Construction
426	Air Cleaners Air-Moving Devices Energy Recovery to Increase Sustainability Exhaust Stacks
427	Instrumentation and Controls Operation System Testing and Balancing Operation and Maintenance References Bibliography
429	A11_Ch33_SI Sustainability Impact Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Energy Considerations
430	Energy Conservation Strategies Demand-Controlled Ventilation
431	Reduced Exhaust and Associated Duct Velocities System Integration and Design Principles
432	Multiple-Hood Systems
433	Dynamic Volumetric Flow Rate Effects Cooking Effluent Generation and Control Effluent Generation Thermal Plume Behavior
434	Effluent Control
435	Grease Extraction
438	Heat Gain Calculations Space Heat Gain Exhaust Systems Commercial Exhaust Hoods Hood Types Type I Hoods
441	Island Canopy Hoods
442	Wall Canopy Hoods, Appliance Positioning, and Diversity
445	Type II Hoods Recirculating Systems
446	Duct Systems Duct Systems Exhaust Fans Types of Exhaust Fans
447	Exhaust Terminations Fire Safety Fire Suppression Systems
449	Preventing Fire Spread
450	Replacement (Makeup) Air Systems Indoor Air Quality Replacement Air Introduction
451	Replacement Air Categories Air Distribution
455	Air Balancing
456	Performance Test Follow-Up: Records Operations and Maintenance Sustainability Impact Operation
457	Maintenance Cooking Equipment Exhaust Systems Supply, Replacement, and Return Air Systems Residential Kitchen Ventilation
458	Equipment and Processes Exhaust Systems Hoods and Other Ventilation Equipment Differences Between Commercial and Residential Equipment
459	Exhaust Duct Systems Replacement (Makeup) Air Energy Conservation Fire Protection for Residential Hoods Maintenance Research Research Overview Benefits to the HVAC Industry
460	References
461	Bibliography
463	A11_Ch34_SI Resources Temperature
464	Fluids Present Use
465	Direct-Use Systems Design Cost Factors Well Depth Distance Between Resource Location and Application Site Well Flow Rate Resource Temperature Temperature Drop Load Factor
466	Composition of Fluid Ease of Disposal Direct-Use Water Quality Testing
467	Materials and Equipment Performance of Materials
468	Pumps Heat Exchangers
469	Valves Piping
470	Residential and Commercial Building Applications Space Heating
471	Domestic Water Heating Space Cooling Industrial Applications Ground-Source Heat Pumps
472	Terminology Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems
473	Groundwater Heat Pump Systems
474	Surface Water Heat Pump Systems Site Characterization Commissioning GSHP Systems
475	Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps Vertical Design
480	Hybrid System Design
481	Pump and Piping System Options
483	Effect of GSHP Equipment Selection on Heat Exchanger Design
484	Horizontal and Small Vertical System Design
486	Fluid Flow and Loop Circuiting
487	Groundwater Heat Pumps Design Strategy
488	Water Wells
489	Flow Testing Groundwater Quality
490	Well Pumps
491	Heat Exchangers Central Plant Systems
492	Standing-Column Systems Surface Water Heat Pumps Heat Transfer in Lakes
493	Thermal Patterns in Lakes Closed-Loop Lake Water Heat Pump
494	Antifreeze Requirements References
496	Bibliography
497	A11_Ch35_SI Quality and Quantity of Solar Energy Solar Constant Solar Angles Solar Time
499	Incident Angle Solar Spectrum Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface
500	Design Values of Total Solar Irradiation
501	Solar Energy for Flat-Plate Collectors Longwave Atmospheric Radiation
502	Solar Energy Collection Solar Heat Collection by Flat-Plate Collectors
503	Glazing Materials Collector Plates
504	Concentrating Collectors
505	Collector Performance
507	Components
509	Water Heating Thermosiphon Systems Direct-Circulation Systems
510	Indirect Water-Heating Systems
511	Integral Collector Storage Systems Site-Built Systems Pool Heaters Hot-Water Recirculation Solar Heating and Cooling Systems
512	Passive Systems
513	Cooling by Nocturnal Radiation and Evaporation Active Systems
514	Space Heating and Service Hot Water Cooling by Solar Energy Solar Cooling with Absorption Refrigeration
515	Sizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems: Energy Requirements Performance Evaluation Methods Simplified Analysis Methods Water-Heating Load Active Heating/Cooling Standard Systems
516	f-Chart Method
517	Other Active Collector Methods Passive Heating
519	Other Passive Heating Methods Installation Guidelines Collector Mounting
520	Freeze Protection Overheat Protection Safety Start-Up Commissioning Procedure Maintenance Performance Monitoring/Minimum Instrumentation
521	Design, Installation, and Operation Checklist Collectors Heat Transfer Fluid Airflow Thermal Storage Uses
522	Controls Performance Photovoltaic Applications
523	Symbols References
525	Bibliography
527	A11_Ch36_SI Energy Management
528	Organizing for Energy Management Energy Managers Communications
529	Energy Accounting Systems Energy Accounting Process Energy Accounting Utility Rates Analyzing Energy Data Preparing for Cost and Efficiency Improvements Analyzing Energy Use Data
530	Electrical Use Profile
531	Calculating Electrical Load and Occupancy Factors Calculating Seasonal ELFs
532	Electric Demand Billing Benchmarking Energy Use Surveys and Audits Energy Audits
536	Improving Discretionary Operations Basic Energy Management Optimizing More Complex System Operation
537	Energy-Efficiency Measures Identifying Energy-Efficiency Measures Evaluating Energy-Efficiency Measures Heating Effects of Electrical Equipment
538	Exploring Financing Options Implementing Energy-Efficiency Measures Monitoring Results Evaluating Success and Establishing New Goals Establishing Key Performance Indicators
539	Building Energy Labels
540	Tracking Performance Establishing New Goals Reporting
541	Building Emergency Energy Use Reduction Implementing Emergency Energy Use Reductions
542	References
543	Bibliography Online Resources
545	A11_Ch37_SI Owning Costs Initial Cost
546	Analysis Period Service Life
548	Depreciation Interest or Discount Rate Periodic Costs Operating Costs
549	Electrical Energy
550	Natural Gas Other Fossil Fuels Energy Source Choices Water and Sewer Costs
551	Maintenance Costs Estimating Maintenance Costs Factors Affecting Maintenance Costs
552	Refrigerant Phaseouts Other Sources Other Issues Financing Alternatives
553	District Energy Service On-Site Electrical Power Generation Economic Analysis Techniques Simple Payback
554	More Sophisticated Economic Analysis Methods
555	Summary of SIR Method
557	Computer Analysis Reference Equations Symbols References
558	Bibliography
559	A11_Ch38_SI Terminology General Criteria Design Considerations
560	Air Volumetric Measurement Methods General Air Devices Duct Flow Mixture Plenums Pressure Measurement Stratification
561	Balancing Procedures for Air Distribution Instruments for Testing and Balancing Preliminary Procedure for Air Balancing Equipment and System Check
562	Multizone Systems Dual-Duct Systems Variable-Volume Systems Static Control
563	Diversity Outdoor Air Requirements Return Air Fans Types of VAV Systems Balancing the VAV System Induction Systems
564	Report Information Principles and Procedures for Balancing Hydronic Systems Heat Transfer at Reduced Flow Rate
565	Heat Transfer at Excessive Flow Generalized Chilled Water Terminal— Heat Transfer Versus Flow Flow Tolerance and Balance Procedure
566	Water-Side Balancing Equipment Record Keeping Sizing Balancing Valves Hydronic Balancing Methods System Preparation for Static System
567	Pump Start-Up Confirmation of System Venting Balancing Balance by Temperature Difference Water Balance by Proportional Method
568	Proportional Balancing Other Balancing Techniques
569	General Balance Procedures Balance Procedure—Primary and Secondary Circuits Fluid Flow Measurement Flow Measurement Based on Manufacturer’s Data
570	Pressure Differential Readout by Gage Conversion of Differential Pressure to Head Differential Head Readout with Manometers
571	Orifice Plates, Venturi, and Flow Indicators Using a Pump as an Indicator
572	Central Plant Chilled-Water Systems Water Flow Instruments
573	Steam Distribution Procedures for Steam Balancing Variable Flow Systems Steam Flow Measuring Devices Cooling Towers Instruments Test Method
574	Temperature Control Verification Suggested Procedures
575	Field Survey for Energy Audit Instruments Data Recording Building Systems Building Energized Systems Process Loads Guidelines for Developing a Field Study Form
576	Reports Testing for Sound and Vibration Testing for Sound
578	Testing for Vibration
582	References Bibliography
583	A11_Ch39_SI Operation and Maintenance as Part of Building Life-Cycle Costs
584	Elements of Successful Programs
588	Benefits of Detecting and Diagnosing Equipment Faults
589	Documentation
590	Staffing
591	Managing Changes In Buildings
592	References Bibliography
595	A11_Ch40_SI Computer System Components and Technologies Computer Hardware
596	Computer Software Operating Systems Utility Software Application Software
598	Software Availability Custom Programming Software Languages
599	Input/Output (I/O) Devices Convergence Networking Components LAN Protocols
600	Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Wireless Service Telephony Standards
601	Firewalls Internet and Applications Internet Communication Methods Servers E-mail Mailing Lists Distributed Message Databases
602	Real-Time Communication Real-Time Remote Computer Use Remote Information Retrieval Collaborative Design
603	Security Issues HVAC Software Applications HVAC Design Calculations Heat and Cooling Load Design
604	Duct Design
605	Piping Design Acoustic Calculation
606	Equipment Selection and Simulation
607	HVAC Simulation Energy Simulation
608	Computational Fluid Dynamics HVAC Graphics, CAD, and Building Data Models Computer-Aided Design
609	Computer Graphics and Modeling
610	HVAC Utilities Unit Conversion Programs Psychrometric Utilities Thermal Comfort Modules Refrigeration Properties and Design
611	Ventilation Sources of HVAC software Interoperable Computer Applications for the HVAC&R Industry Monitoring and Control Interoperability
612	Direct Digital Control (DDC) Applications Control Componentization Internet-Enabled Building Automation Systems Convergence of Information Systems and Information Technology
613	Wireless Communication TECHNOLOGIES Radiofrequency Data Transfer System Design Standards
614	Applications Examples of Applications of Wireless Systems in Buildings Selection of Wireless Systems Challenges
615	Practical Design and Installation Considerations
617	References
618	Bibliography Further Internet Resources
619	A11_Ch41_SI Reasons for Energy Monitoring Energy End Use Specific Technology Assessment
620	Savings Measurement and Verification (M&V) Building Diagnostics
621	Small Projects How to Use This Chapter for Small Projects Protocols for Performance Monitoring
622	Residential Retrofit Monitoring Commercial Retrofit Monitoring
623	Commercial New Construction Monitoring
624	Common Monitoring Issues Planning Implementation and Data Management Data Analysis and Reporting Steps for Project Design and Implementation
625	Part One: Identify Project Objectives, Resources, and Constraints Part Two: Specify Building and Occupant Characteristics
626	Part Three: Specify Data Products and Project Output Part Four: Specify Monitoring Design Approach
627	Part Five: Specify Data Analysis Procedures and Algorithms
629	Part Six: Specify Field Data Monitoring Points
631	Part Seven: Resolve Data Product Accuracies
633	Part Eight: Specify Verification and Quality Assurance Procedures Part Nine: Specify Recording and Data Exchange Formats
634	References
635	Bibliography
637	A11_Ch42_SI Terminology
639	Control Variables Systems and Controls
640	Sampling Intervals for Reset Controls OPTIMIZATION METHODS Static Optimization General Static Optimization Problem
641	Simplified System-Based Optimization Approach
643	Dynamic Optimization Dynamic Optimization with Discrete Storage
645	Dynamic Optimization with TABS Applications of Static Optimization Controls for Boilers
647	Controls for Cooling Without Storage
651	Applications of Dynamic Optimization Controls for Cooling Systems With Discrete Storage
653	Controls for Precooling of Building Thermal Mass
655	Controls for Thermally Active Building Systems
657	Control of Combined Thermal Energy Storage Systems SUPERVISORY CONTROL STRATEGIES AND TOOLS Cooling Tower Fan Control Near-Optimal Tower Fan Sequencing
658	Sequencing Rules Near-Optimal Tower Airflow
660	Overrides for Equipment Constraints Implementation
661	Chilled-Water Reset with Fixed-Speed Pumping Pump Sequencing
662	Optimal Chilled-Water Temperature Overrides for Equipment and Comfort Constraints Implementation
663	Chilled-Water Reset with Variable-Speed Pumping Optimal Differential Pressure Set Points Near-Optimal Chilled-Water Set Point
665	Pump Sequencing Overrides for Equipment and Comfort Constraints Implementation Sequencing and Loading Multiple Chillers
666	Near-Optimal Condenser Water Flow Distribution Optimal Chiller Load Distribution
668	Order for Bringing Chillers Online and Offline
669	Load Conditions for Bringing Chillers Online or Offline
670	Strategies for Boilers Load Conditions for Bringing Boilers Online or Offline Optimal Boiler Load Distribution
671	Maintaining Boilers in Standby Mode Supply Water and Supply Pressure Reset for Boilers Strategies for Air-Handling Units Air Handler Sequencing and Economizer Cooling
672	Supply Air Temperature Reset for Constant Air Volume (CAV) Static Pressure Reset for Variable Air Volume (VAV) Strategies for Building Zone Temperature Set Points Recovery from Night Setback or Setup
673	Emergency Strategy to Limit Peak Cooling Requirements
674	Control of Discrete Cool Thermal Storage Charging Strategies Discharging Strategies
676	Forecasting Diurnal Demand Profiles
677	A Forecasting Algorithm
678	Predictive Control Strategies References
681	A11_Ch43_SI Applicability Background Benefits
682	Key Contributors Definitions Commissioning Objective Management and Responsibilities Management Strategies
683	Team Members Roles and Responsibilities
684	Commissioning Process Predesign-Phase Commissioning Objectives Activities
685	Predesign-Phase Commissioning Plan Acceptance of Predesign Commissioning Design-Phase Commissioning Objectives Activities
687	Construction-Phase Commissioning Objectives Activities
690	Occupancy- and Operations-Phase Commissioning Objectives Activities
691	Commissioning Costs Design-Phase Costs (Including Predesign and Design) Construction- and Occupancy/ Operations-Phase Costs Existing Buildings
692	Certification References Bibliography
693	A11_Ch44_SI Terminology
694	Governing Principles Design Parameters
695	Other Important Performance Criteria Design Principles Heat Flow Control Thermal Performance
696	Thermal Mass Thermal Bridges Air Leakage Control
697	Moisture Control Liquid Water Control
698	Water Vapor Control Common Envelope Problems
699	Control of Surface Condensation Interzonal Environmental Loads Interstitial Spaces
700	Quick Design Guide for High- Performance Building Envelopes common ENVELOPE assemblies Roofs Low-Slope Roof Assemblies Steep-Roof Assemblies Vegetated Roofing
701	Walls Curtain Walls Precast Concrete Panels
702	Steel-Stud Wall Assemblies Wall Geometry with High Thermal Conductivity Fenestration Conduction/Convection and Radiation Effects Air Infiltration Effects Solar Gain Interactions Between Thermal Loss and Solar Gain Control of Rain Entry
703	Foundations Heat Transfer Moisture Existing and Historic Buildings
704	Building Materials Changing HVAC Equipment and/or Control Strategy Envelope Modifications Without Mechanical System Upgrades
705	References
706	BIBLIOGRAPHY
707	A11_Ch45_SI Exhaust Stack and Air Intake Design Strategies Stack Design Strategies Recommended Stack Exhaust Velocity
708	Other Stack Design Standards Contamination Sources
709	General Guidance on Intake Placement
710	Code Requirements for Air Intakes Treatment and Control Strategies Intake Locations for Heat-Rejection Devices Wind Recirculation Zones on Flat-Roofed Buildings
711	Geometric Method for Estimating Stack Height
713	Exhaust-To-Intake Dilution or Concentration Calculations Worst-Case Critical Dilution or Maximum Concentration Dilution and Concentration Definitions Roof-Level Dilution Estimation Method
714	Cross-Wind and Vertical Plume Spreads for Dilution Calculations Stack Design Using Dilution Calculations
715	Dilution from Flush Exhaust Vents with No Stack Dilution at a Building Sidewall (Hidden) Intakes EPA Models
716	Wind Tunnel Modeling Computer Simulations Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Other Considerations Annual Hours of Occurrence of Highest Intake Contamination Combined Exhausts Ganged Exhausts
717	Influence of Architectural Screens on Exhaust Dilution Emissions Characterization
718	Symbols References
719	Bibliography
721	A11_Ch46_SI Terminology
722	Gaseous Contaminants Using Source Data to Predict Indoor Concentrations
724	Problem Assessment
725	Contaminant Load Estimates
726	Control Strategies Elimination of Sources Local Source Control Dilution Through General Ventilation Control by Ventilation Air Cleaning Gas Contaminant Control Processes
729	Equipment Air Cleaner System Design
730	Media Selection Air Cleaner Location and Other HVAC Concerns
731	Sizing Gaseous Contaminant Control Equipment
733	Special Cases
734	Energy Concerns Economic Considerations Safety Installation, Start-Up, and Commissioning
735	Start-Up and Commissioning Operation and Maintenance When to Change Media Replacement and Reactivation Environmental Influences on Air Cleaners
736	Testing Media, Equipment, and Systems Laboratory Tests of Media and Complete Air Cleaners
737	Field Tests of Installed Air Cleaners References
739	Bibliography
741	A11_Ch47_SI System Types Heating Systems Hot-Water and Steam Boilers
742	Hot-Water Distribution Systems Heating Coils
744	Radiant Heating and Cooling Cooling Systems Chillers
745	Chiller Plant Operation Optimization Cooling Tower
746	Air-Cooled Chillers Water-Side Economizers Cooling Coil
747	Air Systems Variable Air Volume (VAV)
751	Constant-Volume (CV) Systems Changeover/Bypass Zoning Systems
752	Terminal Units Humidity Control
753	Terminal Units
755	Single-Zone Systems
757	Multiple-Zone, Single-Duct System Multiple-Zone, Dual-Duct Systems
758	Special Applications Mobile Unit Control Explosive Atmospheres Design Considerations and Principles
759	Extraordinary Incidents Mechanical and Electrical Coordination Sequences of Operation Energy-Efficient Controls
760	Control Principles for Energy Conservation System Selection Load Matching Size of Controlled Area
761	Location of Space Sensors Commissioning References
762	Bibliography
763	A11_Ch48_SI Data Reliability Acoustical Design of HVAC Systems
764	Receiver Considerations Indoor Sound Criteria
769	Outdoor Sound Criteria
770	Basic Acoustical Design Techniques Source Sound Levels Fans
772	Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) Systems
773	Rooftop-Mounted Air Handlers
774	Aerodynamically Generated Sound in Ducts
777	Chillers and Air-Cooled Condensers
780	Emergency Generators Path Noise Estimation and Control Duct Element Sound Attenuation
789	Sound Radiation Through Duct Walls
793	Receiver Room Sound Correction Distributed Array of Ceiling Sound Sources Nonstandard Rooms
794	Line Sound Sources Room Noise Measurement
795	Sound Control for Outdoor Equipment Sound Propagation Outdoors Sound Barriers
796	Fume Hood Duct Design
797	Mechanical Equipment Room Sound Isolation Location
798	Wall Design Doors Penetrations
799	Mechanical Chases Special Construction Types Floating Floors and Barrier Ceilings Sound Transmission in Return Air Systems
800	Sound Transmission Through Ceilings HVAC Noise-Reduction Design Procedures
802	Calculation Procedure
803	Vibration Isolation and Control
804	Vibration Measurement Equipment Vibration
805	Vibration Criteria
806	Specification of Vibration Isolators Selecting Vibration Isolators to Meet Isolator Deflection Requirements Vibration- and Noise-Sensitive Facilities
811	Internal Versus External Isolation Isolating Vibration and Noise in Piping Systems Resilient Pipe Hangers and Supports
813	Isolating Duct Vibration Seismic Protection Vibration Investigations COMMISSIONING
814	TROUBLESHOOTING Determining Problem Source Determining Problem Type Noise Problems Vibration Problems
816	References
817	Bibliography Resources
819	A11_Ch49_SI Water Characteristics Chemical Characteristics Table 1 Alkalinity Interpretation for Watersa Biological Characteristics
820	Corrosion Control Types of Corrosion Factors That Contribute to Corrosion
821	Preventive and Protective Measures
822	White Rust on Galvanized Steel Cooling Towers Scale Control
823	Nonchemical Methods External Treatments Biological Growth Control Control Measures
824	Legionnaires’ Disease
825	Suspended Solids and Depositation Control Mechanical Filtration
826	Start-Up and Shutdown of Cooling Tower Systems Start-Up and Recommissioning for Drained Systems Start-Up and Recommissioning for Undrained (Stagnant) Systems
827	Shutdown Selection of Water Treatment Once-Through Systems Open Recirculating Systems Air Washers and Sprayed-Coil Units Ice Machines
828	Closed Recirculating Systems Water Heating Systems Brine Systems Boiler Systems
829	Steam and Condensate Systems Terminology
830	References
831	A11_Ch50_SI System Elements Water-Heating Terminology
832	System Planning Energy Sources Water-Heating Equipment Gas-Fired Systems
833	Oil-Fired Systems Electric Indirect Water Heating
834	Semi-Instantaneous Circulating Tank Blending Injection Solar Waste Heat Use Refrigeration Heat Reclaim Combination Heating Design Considerations
835	Distribution Piping Material Pipe Sizing Supply Piping Pressure Differential Piping Heat Loss and Hot-Water Delivery Delays
837	Hot-Water Recirculation Loops and Return Piping
838	Heat-Traced, Nonreturn Piping Multiple Water Heaters Special Piping—Commercial Dishwashers Water Pressure—Commercial Kitchens Two-Temperature Service
839	Manifolding Terminal Hot-Water Usage Devices Water Quality, Scale, and Corrosion
840	Safety Devices for Hot-Water Supplies Special Concerns Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires’ Disease) Scalding Temperature Requirement Hot Water from Tanks and Storage Systems
841	Placement of Water Heaters Hot-Water Requirements and Storage Equipment Sizing
842	Load Diversity Residential
843	Commercial and Institutional
846	Sizing Examples
855	Sizing Tankless Water Heaters
856	Sizing Instantaneous and Semi-Instantaneous Water Heaters
857	Sizing Refrigerant-Based Water Heaters
858	Boilers for Indirect Water Heating Typical Control Sequence Water-Heating Energy Use
861	References
862	Bibliography
863	A11_Ch51_SI Snow-Melting Heat Flux Requirement Heat Balance
864	Heat Flux Equations
865	Weather Data and Heat Flux Calculation Results
868	Example for Surface Heat Flux Calculation Using Table 1
869	Sensitivity of Design Surface Heat Flux to Wind Speed and Surface Size Back and Edge Heat Losses Transient Analysis of System Performance
870	Annual Operating Data Annual Operating Cost Example Slab Design
872	Control Manual Control Automatic Control Control Selection Operating Cost Hydronic System Design Heat Transfer Fluid
873	Piping
874	Fluid Heater Pump Selection
875	Pump Selection Example Controls Thermal Stress Electric System Design Heat Flux Electrical Equipment Mineral-Insulated Cable
877	Self-Regulating Cable Constant-Wattage Systems
878	Installation Infrared Snow-Melting Systems
879	Snow Melting in Gutters and Downspouts Freeze Protection Systems
881	Steam Pipe-Tracing Systems Electric Pipe-Tracing Systems
882	Control References Bibliography
883	A11_Ch52_SI General Applications Cooling
884	Humidification Dehumidification and Cooling Air Cleaning Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems for Comfort Cooling
886	Indirect Evaporative Cooling Controls
887	Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling with VAV Delivery
888	Beneficial Humidification
889	Indirect Evaporative Cooling With Heat Recovery
890	Booster Refrigeration
891	Residential or Commercial Cooling
892	Exhaust Required Two-Stage Cooling Industrial Applications
893	Area Cooling
894	Spot Cooling Cooling Large Motors
895	Cooling Gas Turbine Engines and Generators Process Cooling Cooling Laundries Cooling Wood and Paper Products Facilities Other Applications Cooling Power-Generating Facilities Cooling Mines Cooling Animals
896	Produce Storage Cooling
897	Cooling Greenhouses Control Strategy to Optimize Energy Recovery Air Cleaning Control of Gaseous Contaminants
898	Economic Factors
899	Direct Evaporation Energy Saving Indirect Evaporation Energy Saving Water Cost for Evaporative Cooling Psychrometrics
900	Entering Air Considerations
901	References Bibliography
903	A11_Ch53_SI Fire Management
904	Smoke Movement Stack Effect
905	Buoyancy Expansion Wind
906	HVAC Systems Smoke Management Compartmentation Dilution Remote from Fire
907	Pressurization (Smoke Control) Airflow
908	Buoyancy Smoke Control System Design Door-Opening Forces Flow Areas Effective Flow Areas
910	Design Weather Data Design Pressure Differences Open Doors Fire and Smoke Dampers
911	Fans Used to Exhaust Smoke Pressurized Stairwells Stairwell Compartmentation Stairwell Analysis
912	Stairwell Pressurization and Open Doors
913	Elevators Zone Smoke Control
914	Computer Analysis for Pressurization Systems Smoke Management in Large Spaces
915	Design Fires Zone Fire Models Atrium Smoke Filling by a Steady Fire
916	Atrium Smoke Filling by an Unsteady Fire Steady Clear Height with Upper Layer Exhaust
917	Balcony Spill Plumes
918	Makeup Air Minimum Smoke Layer Depth Number of Exhaust Inlets Separation Between Inlets Prestratification and Detection
919	Loss of Buoyancy in Atriums Tenability Systems Tenability Evaluation Atria and Other Large Spaces
920	Large Multicompartmented Buildings Acceptance Testing Special Inspector Extraordinary Incidents symbols
921	References
922	Bibliography
923	A11_Ch54_SI Low-, Medium-, and High-Intensity Infrared Heating Panel Heating and Cooling Elementary Design Relationships
925	Design Criteria for Acceptable Radiant Heating
926	Design for Beam Radiant Heating Geometry of Beam Heating
927	Floor Reradiation Asymmetric Radiant Fields Radiation Patterns
928	Design for Total Space Heating
929	Testing Instruments for Radiant Heating Black Globe Thermometer Directional Radiometer Applications
930	Low-, Medium-, and High-Intensity Infrared Applications Panel Heating and Cooling
931	Symbols
932	References
933	A11_Ch55_SI Seismic-Resistant Design
934	Terminology Calculations Dynamic Analysis Static Analysis as Defined in the International Building Code
935	Applying Static Analysis
938	Computation of Loads at Building Connection Simple Case General Case Polar Method Lump Mass Method
939	Resilient Support Factors Building Attachment Ansi Steel Bolts Lag Screws into Timber Concrete Post-Installed Anchor Bolts ASD Applications LRFD Applications
940	Types of Concrete Post-Installed Anchors Weld Capacities Seismic Snubbers
941	Seismic Restraints
942	Restraint of Pipe and Duct Risers
943	Examples
946	Installation Problems
947	WIND-RESISTANT DESIGN Terminology Calculations
948	Analytical Procedure
949	Wall-Mounted HVAC&R Component Calculations (Louvers) Analytical Procedure
952	Certification of HVAC&R Components for Wind
953	References
954	Bibliography
955	A11_Ch56_SI Terminology Safety Performance
956	Electrical System Components and Concepts Transformers
957	Emergency and Standby Power Systems
959	Motors
960	Utilization Equipment Voltage Ratings Voltage Level Variation Effects Voltage Selection Power Quality Variations
961	Transients
962	Short-Duration Variations
963	Long-Duration Variations Interruptions and Outages
964	Harmonic Distortion
965	Voltage Flicker
966	Noise Billing Rates Cost-Based Rates
967	Policy-Based Rates
968	Market-Based Rates
969	Codes and Standards NEC® UL Listing CSA Approved ULC NAFTA Wiring Standards IEEE Bibliography
970	A11_Ch57_SI Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability
971	Application Guidelines Design Constraints Sound Inlet Conditions to Air Outlets Return Air Inlets Mixed Air Distribution
972	Principles of Operation Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Benefits and Limitations Horizontal Discharge Cooling with Ceiling- Mounted Outlets Vertical-Discharge Cooling or Heating with Ceiling-Mounted Outlets Cooling with Sidewall Outlets
973	Cooling with Floor-Mounted Air Outlets Cooling with Sill-Mounted Air Outlets Heating and Cooling with Perimeter Ceiling- Mounted Outlets Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Methods for Evaluation Selection
975	Fully Stratified Air Distribution Principles of Operation
976	Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Typical Applications Benefits and Limitations Outlet Characteristics Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates
977	Methods of Evaluation Design Procedures Application Considerations
978	Partially Mixed Air Distribution Principles of Operation Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Typical Applications Benefits and Limitations Outlet Characteristics
979	Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Methods of Evaluation Design Procedures Application Considerations Terminal Units System Selection
981	Maintenance and Accessibility. Applications
982	Comparison of Series- and Parallel-Flow Fan-Powered Terminal Units
984	Fan Selection Fan Airflow Control on Fan-Powered Terminals Sizing Fan-Powered Terminals
986	Installation and Application Precautions: Avoiding Common Errors and Problems Sizing Terminals. Optimizing Inlet Conditions.
987	Chilled Beams Codes and Standards Application Considerations
988	Cooling Heating Thermal Comfort
989	Space Temperature Control and Zoning Selection and Location Operational Considerations References
992	A11_Ch58_SI Project Delivery Sequential Design Process Integrated Design Process Effort Shift Objectives
993	Energy Use Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Water Usage Vulnerability
994	Environmental Stewardship Critical Operations General Operations Tools Building Information Modeling
995	Energy Modeling Life-Cycle Analysis Tools Owner Process Programming
996	Siting Budgeting Team Selection Collaboration Teamwork Team Formation
997	Decision-Making Criteria Strategy Development
998	Interdisciplinary Integration Iterative Evaluation and Analysis Design Activities and Deliverables Drawings Specifications
999	Value Engineering Risk Management Budget Control Constructability Review Operational Review Commissioning
1000	Project Delivery Sequence Focus References Bibliography Resources
1002	A11_Ch59_SI Requirements Analysis
1003	Risk Evaluation
1004	HVAC System Security Design Modes of Operation Evacuation Shelter-in-Place Uninterrupted Operation Security Design Measures Emergency Power
1005	Redundant Design System Shutdown and/or Isolation Protective Equipment 100% Outdoor Air Operation HVAC Zoning Increased Standoff Distances Occupant Notification Systems Air Intake Protection Increased Prefiltration Efficiency
1006	Additional Filtration Location of Mechanical Equipment Physical Security Measures Air Supply Quantities and Pressure Gradients Sensors Mailroom and Lobby Measures Maintenance Management Chemical Incidents
1007	Types of Chemical Agents Incapacitating Agents Irritants Toxic Chemical Agents
1009	Biological Incidents
1010	Radiological Incidents Radioactive Materials’ Effects and Sources
1011	Radiological Dispersion Radiation Monitoring Facility Response Explosive Incidents Loading Description
1012	Design Considerations References Bibliography
1013	Online Resources
1014	A11_Ch60_SI Fundamentals UV Dose and Microbial Response
1016	UV Inactivation of Biological Contaminants Terminology
1018	Air Treatment Systems Design Guidance Upper-Room Air Disinfection Upper-Air UVGI Systems
1020	In-Duct Systems: Airstream Disinfection
1021	Studies of Airstream Disinfection Effectiveness HVAC System Surface Treatment Coil and Drain Pan Irradiation Room Surface Treatment
1022	Alternative and Complementary Systems
1023	Energy and Economic Considerations Upper-Air UVGI
1024	In-Duct Air Treatment Upper Air Versus In-Duct Cooling Coil Surface Treatment Safety Hazards of Ultraviolet Radiation to Humans Sources of UV Exposure Exposure Limits
1025	Evidence of Safety Safety Design Guidance UVGI Fixtures Installation, Startup, and Commissioning UVC Radiation Measurements Maintenance Material Degradation
1026	Visual Inspection Radiometer Lamp Replacement Lamp and Ballast Disposal Personnel Safety Training Lamp Breakage
1027	References
1028	Bibliography
1030	SI_A11_Ch61 Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations (Continued)
1056	ORGANIZATIONS
1058	2011INDEX_SIbookIX

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2011	1097


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Standard Title	2011 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications – SI Edition
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2011
Pages Count	1097

ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook SI 2011

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