ASHRAE HVAC SystemsandEquipment Handbook IP 2012
$78.75
2012 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment – IP Edition
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2012 | 928 |
The 2012 ASHRAE Handbook–HVAC Systems and Equipment discusses various systems and the equipment (components or assemblies) they comprise, and describes features and differences. This information helps system designers and operators in selecting and using equipment.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | 12FrontCover IP 2012 ASHRAE HANDBOOK I-P Edition Supported by ASHRAE Research |
| 2 | 12Inside4VolTOC IP 2012 HVAC SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 2011 HVAC APPLICATIONS |
| 3 | 2010 REFRIGERATION 2009 FUNDAMENTALS |
| 4 | I-P_12FrontMatter |
| 5 | Dedicated To The Advancement Of The Profession And Its Allied Industries DISCLAIMER |
| 12 | IP_S12_Ch01 Selecting a System |
| 13 | Additional Goals System Constraints Constructability Constraints |
| 14 | Narrowing the Choices Selection Report |
| 15 | HVAC Systems and Equipment Decentralized System Characteristics |
| 16 | Centralized System Characteristics Air Distribution Systems Primary Equipment |
| 17 | Refrigeration Equipment Heating Equipment Air Delivery Equipment Space Requirements Equipment Rooms |
| 18 | Fan Rooms Horizontal Distribution Vertical Shafts Rooftop Equipment Equipment Access Air Distribution |
| 19 | Air Terminal Units Duct Insulation Ceiling and Floor Plenums Pipe Distribution Pipe Systems Pipe Insulation Security |
| 20 | Automatic Controls and Building Management System Maintenance Management System Building System Commissioning |
| 21 | References |
| 22 | IP_S12_Ch02 System Characteristics Advantages |
| 23 | Disadvantages Design Considerations Air-Side Economizer Water-Side Economizer |
| 24 | Advantages Disadvantages Window-Mounted and Through-the-Wall Room HVAC Units Advantages Disadvantages Design Considerations |
| 25 | Water-Source Heat Pump Systems Advantages Disadvantages |
| 26 | Design Considerations Multiple-Unit Systems Advantages Disadvantages Design Considerations |
| 27 | Residential and Light Commercial Split Systems |
| 28 | Advantages Disadvantages Design Considerations Commercial Self-Contained (Floor-by-Floor) Systems Advantages Disadvantages Design Considerations |
| 29 | Commercial Outdoor Packaged Systems |
| 30 | Advantages Disadvantages Design Considerations |
| 31 | Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems Maintenance Management Building System Commissioning |
| 32 | IP_S12_Ch03 System Characteristics Advantages |
| 33 | Disadvantages Design Considerations Cooling and Heating Loads System Flow Design |
| 34 | Energy Recovery and Thermal Storage Equipment Primary Refrigeration Equipment |
| 35 | Ancillary Refrigeration Equipment |
| 36 | Primary Heating Equipment |
| 37 | Ancillary Heating Equipment Distribution Systems |
| 38 | Acoustic, Vibration, Wind, and Seismic Considerations Sound and Vibration Seismic and Wind Issues Space Considerations |
| 39 | Location of Central Plant and Equipment Central Plant Security Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems |
| 40 | Instrumentation Maintenance Management Systems Building System Commissioning |
| 41 | References |
| 42 | IP_S12_Ch04 Advantages Disadvantages |
| 43 | Heating and Cooling Calculations Zoning Space Heating Air Temperature Versus Air Quantity |
| 44 | Space Pressure Other Considerations First, Operating, and Maintenance Costs Energy Air-Handling Units |
| 45 | Primary Equipment Air-Handling Equipment Central Mechanical Equipment Rooms (MERs) Decentralized MERs Fans Air-Handling Unit Psychrometric Processes Cooling |
| 46 | Heating Humidification |
| 47 | Dehumidification Air Mixing or Blending Air-Handling Unit Components Return Air Fan Relief Air Fan Automatic Dampers |
| 48 | Relief Openings Return Air Dampers Outdoor Air Intakes Economizers Mixing Plenums |
| 49 | Static Air Mixers Filter Section Preheat Coil Cooling Coil Reheat Coil Humidifiers |
| 50 | Dehumidifiers Energy Recovery Devices Sound Control Devices Supply Air Fan Miscellaneous Components |
| 51 | Air Distribution Ductwork Design Air-Handling Systems Single-Duct Systems Constant Volume |
| 52 | Variable Air Volume (VAV) |
| 53 | Dual-Duct Systems Constant Volume Variable Air Volume |
| 54 | Multizone Systems Special Systems Primary/Secondary Dedicated Outdoor Air |
| 55 | Underfloor Air Distribution |
| 56 | Wetted Duct/Supersaturated Compressed-Air and Water Spray Low-Temperature Smoke Management Terminal Units Constant-Volume Reheat |
| 57 | Variable Air Volume |
| 58 | Terminal Humidifiers Terminal Filters Air Distribution System Controls |
| 59 | Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems Maintenance Management System Building System Commissioning References Bibliography |
| 60 | IP_S12_Ch05 System Characteristics Advantages |
| 61 | Disadvantages Heating and Cooling Calculations Space Heating |
| 62 | Central (Primary-Air) Ventilation Systems Central Plant Sizing Building Pressurization First, Operating, and Maintenance Costs Energy |
| 63 | Life-Cycle Costs System Components and Configurations Components Configurations |
| 64 | Secondary-Water Distribution Piping Arrangements Four-Pipe Distribution Two-Pipe Distribution Three-Pipe Distribution Condenser Water Systems with Heat Pump Terminal Units |
| 65 | Fan-Coil Unit and Unit Ventilator Systems Types and Location Ventilation Air Requirements |
| 66 | Selection Wiring Condensate Capacity Control Maintenance Variable-Refrigerant-Flow (VRF) units Chilled-Beam Systems |
| 67 | Types and Location Ventilation Air Requirements Selection Wiring Condensate Capacity Control Maintenance Other Concerns |
| 68 | Radiant-Panel Heating Systems Types and Location Ventilation Air Requirements Selection Wiring Capacity Control Maintenance Radiant-Floor Heating Systems Types and Location Ventilation Air Requirements Selection |
| 69 | Wiring Capacity Control Maintenance Induction Unit Systems Supplemental Heating Units Primary-Air Systems |
| 70 | Performance Under Varying Load |
| 71 | Changeover Temperature Two-Pipe Systems with Central Ventilation Critical Design Elements |
| 72 | Changeover Temperature Considerations |
| 73 | Nonchangeover Design Zoning Room Control Evaluation |
| 74 | Electric Heat for Two-Pipe Systems Four-Pipe Systems Zoning Room Control Evaluation Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems |
| 75 | Maintenance Management Systems and Building System Commissioning References Bibliography |
| 76 | IP_S12_Ch06 Principles of Thermal Radiation General Evaluation |
| 77 | Heat Transfer by Panel Surfaces Heat Transfer by Thermal Radiation |
| 78 | Heat Transfer by Natural Convection |
| 80 | Combined Heat Flux (Thermal Radiation and Natural Convection) |
| 81 | General Design Considerations Panel Thermal Resistance |
| 82 | Effect of Floor Coverings Panel Heat Losses or Gains |
| 83 | Panel Performance Panel Design |
| 84 | Heating and Cooling Panel Systems |
| 85 | Special Cases Hydronic Panel Systems Design Considerations |
| 88 | Hydronic Metal Ceiling Panels |
| 89 | Distribution and Layout |
| 90 | Hydronic Wall Panels Hydronic Floor Panels |
| 91 | Electrically Heated Panel Systems Electric Ceiling Panels |
| 93 | Electric Wall Panels Electric Floor Panels Air-Heated or Air-Cooled Panels |
| 94 | Controls Sensible Cooling Panel Controls Heating Slab Controls |
| 95 | Hybrid (Load-Sharing) HVAC Systems References |
| 96 | Bibliography |
| 98 | IP_S12_Ch07 |
| 99 | Terminology |
| 100 | CHP System Concepts Custom-Engineered Systems Packaged and Modular Systems |
| 101 | Load Profiling and Prime Mover Selection Peak Shaving Continuous-Duty Standby Power Plant Incremental Heat Rate |
| 102 | Performance Parameters Heating Value CHP Electric Effectiveness Power and Heating Systems |
| 105 | Fuel Energy Savings |
| 106 | Fuel-to-Power Components Reciprocating Engines Types Performance Characteristics |
| 107 | Fuels and Fuel Systems |
| 109 | Combustion Air Lubricating Systems |
| 110 | Starting Systems Cooling Systems Exhaust Systems |
| 111 | Emissions |
| 112 | Instruments and Controls Noise and Vibration |
| 113 | Installation Ventilation Requirements |
| 114 | Operation and Maintenance Combustion Turbines Types |
| 115 | Advantages Disadvantages Gas Turbine Cycle Components |
| 116 | Performance Characteristics Fuels and Fuel Systems |
| 117 | Combustion Air |
| 118 | Lubricating Systems Starting Systems Exhaust Systems |
| 119 | Emissions Instruments and Controls Noise and Vibration Operation and Maintenance Fuel Cells Types |
| 121 | Thermal-To-Power Components Steam Turbines Types |
| 122 | Performance Characteristics |
| 125 | Fuel Systems Lubricating Oil Systems Power Systems Exhaust Systems Instruments and Controls |
| 127 | Operation and Maintenance |
| 128 | Organic Rankine Cycles Expansion Engines/Turbines Stirling Engines Types |
| 129 | Performance Characteristics Fuel Systems Power Systems Exhaust Systems Coolant Systems Operation and Maintenance Thermal-to-Thermal Components Thermal Output Characteristics Reciprocating Engines |
| 130 | Combustion Turbines Heat Recovery Reciprocating Engines |
| 134 | Combustion Turbines Steam Turbines |
| 135 | Thermally Activated Technologies Heat-Activated Chillers |
| 136 | Desiccant Dehumidification Hot Water and Steam Heat Recovery Thermal Energy Storage Technologies Electrical Generators and Components Generators |
| 138 | System Design CHP Electricity-Generating Systems Thermal Loads Prime Mover Selection |
| 139 | Air Systems Hydronic Systems |
| 140 | Service Water Heating District Heating and Cooling Utility Interfacing Power Quality Output Energy Streams |
| 141 | CHP Shaft-Driven HVAC and Refrigeration Systems Engine-Driven Systems |
| 143 | Combustion-Turbine-Driven Systems Steam-Turbine-Driven Systems |
| 144 | Codes and Installation General Installation Parameters Utility Interconnection |
| 145 | Air Permits Building, Zoning, and Fire Codes Zoning Building Code/Structural Design Mechanical/Plumbing Code Fire Code Electrical Connection Economic Feasibility Economic Assessment |
| 146 | Preliminary Feasibility Bin Analysis Examples First Estimates |
| 147 | Load Duration Curve Analysis |
| 149 | Two-Dimensional Load Duration Curve Analysis by Simulations |
| 150 | References |
| 151 | Bibliography |
| 152 | IP_S12_Ch08 |
| 153 | Advantages Economic Benefits Environmental Benefits |
| 154 | Disadvantages Definition and Theory System Types Evaporative Systems |
| 156 | Chiller Systems |
| 157 | LNG Vaporization Systems Hybrid Systems Calculation of Power Capacity Enhancement and Economics |
| 158 | References |
| 159 | Bibliography |
| 160 | IP_S12_Ch09 Terminology Applied Heat Pump Systems |
| 161 | Heat Pump Cycles Heat Sources and Sinks Air |
| 163 | Water Ground Solar Energy Types of Heat Pumps |
| 165 | Heat Pump Components Compressors |
| 166 | Heat Transfer Components Refrigeration Components |
| 167 | Controls Supplemental Heating |
| 168 | Industrial Process Heat Pumps Closed-Cycle Systems |
| 170 | Open-Cycle and Semi-Open-Cycle Heat Pump Systems |
| 171 | Heat Recovery Design Principles |
| 173 | Applied Heat Recovery Systems Waste Heat Recovery |
| 174 | Water-Loop Heat Pump Systems Description |
| 175 | Design Considerations |
| 177 | Controls Advantages of a WLHP System Limitations of a WLHP System Balanced Heat Recovery Systems Definition |
| 178 | Heat Redistribution Heat Balance Concept Heat Balance Studies |
| 179 | General Applications |
| 180 | Multiple Buildings References Bibliography |
| 183 | IP_S12_Ch10 Components Heating and Cooling Units |
| 184 | Ducts Accessory Equipment Controls Common System Problems |
| 185 | System Design Estimating Heating and Cooling Loads Locating Outlets, Returns, Ducts, and Equipment |
| 186 | Selecting Heating and Cooling Equipment Determining Airflow Requirements Finalize Duct Design and Size Selecting Supply and Return Grilles and Registers Detailed Duct Design Detailing the Duct Configuration |
| 188 | Detailing the Distribution Design |
| 189 | Duct Design Recommendations Zone Control for Small Systems |
| 190 | Duct Sizing for Zone Damper Systems Box Plenum Systems Using Flexible Duct Embedded Loop Ducts Small Commercial Systems |
| 191 | Air Distribution in Small Commercial Buildings Controlling Airflow in New Buildings Testing for Duct Efficiency Data Inputs |
| 192 | Data Output References Bibliography |
| 195 | IP_S12_Ch11 Advantages Fundamentals |
| 196 | Effects of Water , Air , and Gases Heat Transfer Basic Steam System Design Steam Source |
| 197 | Boilers Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boilers Heat Exchangers Boiler Connections Supply Piping Return Piping |
| 198 | Design Steam Pressure |
| 199 | Piping Supply Piping Design Considerations |
| 200 | Terminal Equipment Piping Design Considerations Return Piping Design Considerations Condensate Removal from Temperature-Regulated Equipment |
| 201 | Steam Traps Thermostatic Traps |
| 202 | Mechanical Traps |
| 203 | Kinetic Traps Pressure-Reducing Valves Installation |
| 205 | Valve Size Selection Terminal Equipment Selection Natural Convection Units Forced-Convection Units Convection Steam Heating |
| 206 | One-Pipe Steam Heating Systems Two-Pipe Steam Heating Systems Steam Distribution |
| 207 | Temperature Control |
| 208 | Heat Recovery Flash Steam |
| 209 | Direct Heat Recovery Combined Steam and Water Systems |
| 210 | Commissioning References Bibliography |
| 211 | IP_S12_Ch12 Applicability Components Environmental Benefits |
| 212 | Economic Considerations Consumer Economics Producer Economics |
| 213 | District Energy Economic Comparison |
| 215 | Central Plant Heating and Cooling Production Heating Medium |
| 217 | Heat Production Chilled-Water Production |
| 218 | Thermal Storage Auxiliaries |
| 219 | Distribution Design Considerations Constant Flow Variable Flow |
| 220 | Design Guidelines Distribution System Hydraulic Considerations Objectives of Hydraulic Design Water Hammer |
| 221 | Pressure Losses Pipe Sizing Network Calculations Condensate Drainage and Return |
| 222 | Thermal Considerations Thermal Design Conditions Thermal Properties of Pipe Insulation and Soil |
| 223 | Methods of Heat Transfer Analysis |
| 224 | Calculation of Undisturbed Soil Temperatures Convective Heat Transfer at Ground Surface |
| 225 | Uninsulated Buried Pipe Insulated Buried Pipe Buried Pipe in Conduit with Air Space |
| 226 | Buried Pipe with Composite Insulation |
| 228 | Two Pipes Buried in Common Conduit with Air Space |
| 229 | Two Buried Pipes or Conduits |
| 230 | Pipes in Buried Trenches or Tunnels |
| 231 | Pipes in Shallow Trenches Buried Pipes with Other Geometries Pipes in Air |
| 232 | Economical Thickness for Pipe Insulation Expansion Provisions |
| 233 | Pipe Supports, Guides, and Anchors Distribution System Construction |
| 234 | Piping Materials and Standards Aboveground Systems |
| 235 | Underground Systems |
| 237 | Conduits |
| 239 | Cathodic Protection of Direct-Buried Conduits |
| 240 | Leak Detection Valve Vaults and Entry Pits |
| 242 | Consumer Interconnections Direct Connection |
| 243 | Indirect Connection Components Heat Exchangers |
| 244 | Flow Control Devices |
| 245 | Instrumentation Controller Pressure Control Devices Heating Connections Steam Connections |
| 246 | Hot-Water Connections |
| 247 | Building Conversion to District Heating Chilled-Water Connections |
| 248 | Temperature Differential Control Metering |
| 249 | Operation and Maintenance References |
| 250 | Bibliography |
| 251 | IP_S12_Ch13 Principles Temperature Classifications |
| 252 | Closed Water Systems Method of Design Thermal Components Loads |
| 253 | Terminal Heating and Cooling Units |
| 254 | Source Expansion Chamber |
| 256 | Hydraulic Components Pump or Pumping System |
| 258 | Variable-Speed Pumping Application |
| 260 | Pump Connection Distribution System |
| 261 | Expansion Chamber Piping Circuits |
| 263 | Capacity Control of Load System |
| 264 | Sizing Control Valves |
| 266 | Alternatives to Control Valves Low-Temperature Heating Systems Nonresidential Heating Systems |
| 267 | Chilled-Water Systems |
| 269 | Dual-Temperature Systems Two-Pipe Systems |
| 270 | Four-Pipe Common Load Systems Four-Pipe Independent Load Systems Other Design Considerations Makeup and Fill Water Systems Safety Relief Valves |
| 271 | Air Elimination Drain and Shutoff Balance Fittings |
| 272 | Pitch Strainers Thermometers Flexible Connectors and Pipe Expansion Compensation Gage Cocks Insulation Condensate Drains Common Pipe Other Design Procedures Preliminary Equipment Layout |
| 273 | Final Pipe Sizing and Pressure Drop Determination Freeze Prevention Antifreeze Solutions Effect on Heat Transfer and Flow |
| 274 | Effect on Heat Source or Chiller Effect on Terminal Units Effect on Pump Performance Effect on Piping Pressure Loss |
| 275 | Installation and Maintenance References Bibliography |
| 277 | IP_S12_Ch14 Once-Through City Water Systems Open Cooling Tower Systems |
| 278 | Air and Vapor Precautions Pump Selection and Pressure Calculations |
| 279 | Water Treatment Freeze Protection and Winter Operation Low-Temperature (Water Economizer) Systems |
| 280 | Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers Overpressure caused by Thermal Fluid Expansion Bibliography |
| 281 | IP_S12_Ch15 System Characteristics Basic System |
| 282 | Design Considerations Direct-Fired High-Temperature Water Generators |
| 283 | Expansion and Pressurization |
| 285 | Direct-Contact Heaters (Cascades) System Circulating Pumps Distribution Piping Design |
| 286 | Heat Exchangers Air-Heating Coils Space-Heating Equipment Instrumentation and Controls |
| 287 | Water Treatment Heat Storage Safety Considerations |
| 288 | References Bibliography |
| 289 | IP_S12_Ch16 Energy Conservation Infrared Energy Sources Gas Infrared |
| 290 | Electric Infrared |
| 291 | Oil Infrared System Efficiency |
| 292 | Reflectors Controls Precautions |
| 293 | Maintenance Design Considerations for Beam Radiant Heaters |
| 296 | References Bibliography |
| 297 | IP_S12_Ch17 Terminology |
| 298 | UVGI Fundamentals Microbial Dose Response Susceptibility of Microorganisms to UV Energy |
| 299 | Lamps and Ballasts Types of UV-C Lamps |
| 300 | UV-C Lamp Ballasts |
| 301 | Germicidal Lamp Cooling and Heating Effects UV-C Lamp Aging UV-C Lamp Irradiance UV Photodegradation of Materials |
| 302 | Maintenance Lamp Replacement Lamp Disposal Visual Inspection Safety Hazards of Ultraviolet Radiation to Humans |
| 303 | Sources of UV Exposure Exposure Limits |
| 304 | UV Radiation Measurements Safety Design Guidance Personnel Safety Training Lamp Breakage |
| 305 | Unit Conversions References Bibliography |
| 307 | IP_S12_Ch18 |
| 309 | Standards |
| 310 | Equipment VRF System Operation |
| 313 | Design Considerations |
| 314 | VRF System Design Example |
| 320 | References Bibliography |
| 323 | IP_S12_Ch19 Building Code Requirements Classifications Duct Cleaning |
| 324 | HVAC System Leakage System Sealing Sealants |
| 325 | Leakage Testing |
| 327 | Responsibilities |
| 328 | Air-Handling Unit Leakage Residential Duct Construction Commercial Duct Construction Materials Rectangular and Round Ducts |
| 329 | Flat Oval Ducts Fibrous Glass Ducts Flexible Ducts Plenums and Apparatus Casings |
| 330 | Acoustical Treatment Hangers Industrial Duct Construction Materials Round Ducts Rectangular Ducts Construction Details |
| 331 | Hangers Antimicrobial-Treated Ducts Duct Construction for Grease- and Moisture-Laden Vapors Factory-Built Grease Duct Systems Site-Built Grease Duct Systems Duct Systems for Moisture-Laden Air Rigid Plastic Ducts Air Dispersion Systems |
| 332 | Dispersion Types Underground Ducts Ducts Outside Buildings Seismic Qualification |
| 333 | Sheet Metal Welding Thermal Insulation Specifications References |
| 334 | Bibliography |
| 335 | IP_S12_Ch20 Supply Outlets Fully Mixed Systems |
| 336 | Outlet Selection Procedure Factors that Influence Selection |
| 337 | Fully Stratified Systems Outlet Selection Procedure Factors that Influence Selection Partially Mixed Systems |
| 338 | Outlet Selection Procedures Factors that Influence Selection Types of Supply Air Outlets Grilles |
| 340 | Nozzles Diffusers |
| 341 | Return and Exhaust Air Inlets Types of Inlets V-Bar Grille Lightproof Grille Stamped Grilles Eggcrate and Perforated-Face Grilles Applications |
| 342 | Terminal Units General Single-Duct Terminal Units Dual-Duct Terminal Units Air-to-Air Induction Terminal Units Fan-Powered Terminal Units |
| 343 | Bypass Terminal Units Chilled Beams Beam Types and Configurations |
| 344 | Fan-Coil Unit Systems Two- and Four-Pipe Distribution Systems Maintenance Motors |
| 345 | Controls Configurations |
| 346 | DX Fan-Coils References |
| 347 | IP_S12_Ch21 Types of Fans Principles of Operation |
| 348 | Testing and Rating |
| 350 | Fan Laws |
| 352 | Fan and System Pressure Relationships |
| 353 | Temperature Rise Across Fans Duct System Characteristics |
| 354 | System Effects Selection |
| 355 | Parallel Fan Operation |
| 356 | Noise Vibration |
| 357 | Vibration Isolation Arrangement and Installation Fan Control |
| 358 | Symbols References Bibliography |
| 359 | IP_S12_Ch22 Environmental Conditions Human Comfort Prevention and Treatment of Disease Electronic Equipment |
| 360 | Process Control and Materials Storage Static Electricity Sound Wave Transmission Miscellaneous Enclosure Characteristics Vapor Retarders |
| 361 | Visible Condensation Concealed Condensation Energy Considerations |
| 362 | Load Calculations Design Conditions Ventilation Rate Additional Moisture Losses Internal Moisture Gains |
| 363 | Supply Water for Humidifiers Scaling Potential Bacterial Growth Equipment |
| 364 | Residential Humidifiers for Central Air Systems Residential Humidifiers for Nonducted Applications Industrial and Commercial Humidifiers for Central Air Systems |
| 367 | Controls Mechanical Controls Electronic Controllers |
| 369 | Humidity Control in VAV Systems Control Location Management Systems References |
| 370 | Bibliography |
| 371 | IP_S12_Ch23 Uses for Coils Coil Construction and Arrangement |
| 372 | Water and Aqueous Glycol Coils Direct-Expansion Coils |
| 373 | Control of Coils Flow Arrangement |
| 374 | Applications |
| 375 | Coil Selection |
| 376 | Performance and Ratings Airflow Resistance Heat Transfer |
| 377 | Performance of Sensible Cooling Coils |
| 379 | Performance of Dehumidifying Coils |
| 384 | Determining Refrigeration Load |
| 385 | Maintenance |
| 386 | Symbols References Bibliography |
| 387 | IP_S12_Ch24 Methods of Dehumidification Compression |
| 388 | Cooling Liquid Desiccants Solid Sorption Desiccant Dehumidification |
| 389 | Liquid-Desiccant Equipment Heat Removal Regeneration |
| 390 | Solid-Sorption Equipment Rotary Solid-Desiccant Dehumidifiers Operation |
| 392 | Use of Cooling Using Units in Series |
| 393 | Industrial Rotary Desiccant Dehumidifier Performance Equipment Operating Recommendations Process Air Filters Reactivation/Regeneration Filters Reactivation/Regeneration Ductwork Leakage Airflow Indication and Control |
| 394 | Commissioning Owners’ and Operators’ Perspectives Applications for Atmospheric-Pressure Dehumidification Preservation of Materials in Storage Process Dehumidification |
| 395 | Ventilation Air Dehumidification Condensation Prevention Dry Air-Conditioning Systems |
| 396 | Indoor Air Quality Contaminant Control Testing Desiccant Drying at Elevated Pressure Equipment Absorption |
| 397 | Adsorption Applications Material Preservation Process Drying of Air and Other Gases |
| 398 | Equipment Testing References Bibliography Additional Information |
| 399 | IP_S12_Ch25 Mechanical Dehumidifiers Psychrometrics of Dehumidification |
| 400 | Residential Dehumidifiers |
| 401 | General-Purpose Dehumidifiers |
| 402 | DX Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) Units |
| 403 | Indoor Swimming Pool Dehumidifiers |
| 405 | Ice Rink Dehumidifiers Industrial Dehumidifiers |
| 406 | Installation and Service Considerations Wraparound Heat Exchangers |
| 407 | References |
| 408 | Bibliography |
| 409 | IP_S12_Ch26 Applications |
| 410 | Basic Thermodynamics Thermodynamics of Heat Recovery Ventilators Thermodynamics of Energy Recovery Ventilators |
| 412 | Ideal Air-to-Air Energy Exchange Airflow Arrangements Effectiveness |
| 413 | Rate of Energy Transfer Additional Technical Considerations Air Leakage |
| 414 | Air Capacity of Ventilator Fans Pressure Drop Maintenance |
| 415 | Filtration Controls Fouling Corrosion Condensation and Freeze-Up |
| 416 | Performance Ratings Types and Applications of Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers Fixed-Plate Heat Exchangers |
| 417 | Rotary Air-to-Air Energy Exchangers |
| 419 | Systems with Multiple Energy Recovery Exchangers |
| 420 | Coil Energy Recovery (Runaround) Loops |
| 421 | Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers |
| 423 | Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems |
| 424 | Thermosiphon Heat Exchangers |
| 426 | Twin-Tower Enthalpy Recovery Loops |
| 427 | Indirect Evaporative Air Cooling Precooling Air Reheaters (Series Application) |
| 428 | Comparison of Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Systems Characterizing System Efficiency of Heat or Energy Recovery Ventilators |
| 429 | Selection of Heat or Energy Recovery Ventilators Economic Considerations |
| 431 | Energy and/or Mass Recovery Calculation Procedure |
| 435 | Symbols References |
| 436 | Bibliography |
| 437 | IP_S12_Ch27 Coil Construction and Design Steam Coils |
| 438 | Water/Aqueous Glycol Heating Coils |
| 439 | Volatile Refrigerant Heat Reclaim Coils Electric Heating Coils Coil Selection Coil Ratings |
| 440 | Overall Requirements Installation Guidelines |
| 441 | Coil Maintenance References |
| 443 | IP_S12_Ch28 Unit Ventilators Application Selection |
| 445 | Control |
| 446 | Unit Heaters Application Selection |
| 448 | Control |
| 449 | Piping Connections |
| 450 | Maintenance Makeup Air Units Description and Applications Selection |
| 451 | Control Applicable Codes and Standards Commissioning Maintenance |
| 452 | Bibliography |
| 453 | IP_S12_Ch29 Atmospheric Dust Aerosol Characteristics |
| 454 | Air-Cleaning Applications Mechanisms of Particle Collection Evaluating Air Cleaners |
| 455 | Air Cleaner Test Methods Arrestance Test Dust-Holding Capacity Test Particle Size Removal Efficiency Test DOP Penetration Test |
| 456 | Leakage (Scan) Tests Other Performance Tests Guideline 26-2008 Environmental Tests AHRI Standards Types of Air Cleaners |
| 457 | Filter Types and Performance Panel Filters |
| 458 | Electronic Air Cleaners |
| 460 | Selection and Maintenance Residential Air Cleaners |
| 462 | VAV Systems Antimicrobial Treatment of Filter Media Air Cleaner Installation Safety Considerations |
| 463 | References Bibliography |
| 465 | IP_S12_Ch30 Equipment Selection Regulations and Monitoring Gas-Cleaning Regulations |
| 466 | Measuring Gas Streams and Contaminants Gas Flow Distribution Monitors and Controls Particulate Contaminant Control |
| 467 | Collector Performance |
| 468 | Mechanical Collectors Settling Chambers Inertial Collectors |
| 471 | Electrostatic Precipitators |
| 472 | Single-Stage Designs |
| 473 | Two-Stage Designs |
| 474 | Fabric Filters Principle of Operation |
| 475 | Pressure-Volume Relationships Electrostatic Augmentation Fabrics |
| 476 | Types of Self-Cleaning Mechanisms for Fabric Dust Collectors |
| 478 | Granular-Bed Filters Principle of Operation |
| 479 | Particulate Scrubbers (Wet Collectors) Principle of Operation Spray Towers and Impingement Scrubbers |
| 480 | Centrifugal-Type Collectors Orifice-Type Collectors Venturi Scrubber Electrostatically Augmented Scrubbers |
| 481 | Gaseous Contaminant Control Spray Dry Scrubbing Principle of Operation Equipment |
| 482 | Wet-Packed Scrubbers Scrubber Packings Arrangements of Packed Scrubbers |
| 484 | Pressure Drop Absorption Efficiency |
| 487 | General Efficiency Comparisons Liquid Effects Adsorption of Gaseous Contaminants |
| 488 | Equipment for Adsorption Solvent Recovery |
| 489 | Odor Control |
| 490 | Applications of Fluidized Bed Adsorbers Incineration of Gases and Vapors Thermal Oxidizers Catalytic Oxidizers |
| 491 | Applications of Oxidizers Adsorption and Oxidation Auxiliary Equipment Ducts |
| 492 | Temperature Controls Fans Dust- and Slurry-Handling Equipment Hoppers Dust Conveyors Dust Disposal Slurry Treatment |
| 493 | Operation and Maintenance Corrosion Fires and Explosions References |
| 494 | Bibliography |
| 495 | IP_S12_Ch31 General Considerations Terminology System Application |
| 496 | Safety Efficiency and Emission Ratings Steady-State and Cyclic Efficiency Emissions |
| 497 | Gas-Burning Appliances Gas-Fired Combustion Systems Burners Combustion System Flow |
| 498 | Ignition Input Rate Control |
| 499 | Residential Appliances Boilers Forced-Air Furnaces Water Heaters Combination Space- and Water-Heating Appliances Pool Heaters |
| 500 | Conversion Burners Commercial-Industrial Appliances Boilers Space Heaters Water Heaters Pool Heaters Applications |
| 501 | Location Gas Supply and Piping Air for Combustion and Ventilation Draft Control Venting |
| 502 | Building Depressurization Gas Input Rate |
| 503 | Effect of Gas Temperature and Barometric Pressure Changes on Gas Input Rate Fuel Gas Interchangeability Altitude |
| 504 | Oil-Burning Appliances |
| 505 | Residential Oil Burners |
| 506 | Commercial/Industrial Oil Burners Pressure-Atomizing Oil Burners Return-Flow Pressure-Atomizing Oil Burners |
| 507 | Air-Atomizing Oil Burners Horizontal Rotary Cup Oil Burners Steam-Atomizing Oil Burners (Register Type) Mechanical Atomizing Oil Burners (Register Type) Return-Flow Mechanical Atomizing Oil Burners |
| 508 | Dual-Fuel Gas/Oil Burners Equipment Selection Fuel Oil Storage Systems |
| 509 | Fuel-Handling Systems |
| 510 | Fuel Oil Preparation System Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances Capacity Classification of Stokers |
| 511 | Stoker Types by Fuel-Feed Methods Spreader Stokers |
| 512 | Underfeed Stokers Chain and Traveling Grate Stokers Vibrating Grate Stokers |
| 513 | Controls Safety Controls and Interlocks Ignition and Flame Monitoring |
| 514 | Draft Proving Limit Controls Other Safety Controls Prescriptive Requirements for Safety Controls Reliability of Safety Controls Operating Controls |
| 515 | Integrated and Programmed Controls |
| 516 | References Bibliography |
| 517 | IP_S12_Ch32 Classifications Working Pressure and Temperature Fuel Used Construction Materials |
| 519 | Type of Draft Condensing or Noncondensing |
| 520 | Wall-Hung Boilers Integrated (Combination) Boilers Electric Boilers |
| 521 | Selection Parameters Efficiency: Input and Output Ratings |
| 522 | Performance Codes and Standards Sizing |
| 523 | Burner Types BOILER CONTROLS Operating Controls Water Level Controls |
| 524 | Flame Safeguard Controls References Bibliography |
| 525 | IP_S12_Ch33 Components Casing or Cabinet Heat Exchangers |
| 526 | Combustion Venting Components Circulating Blowers and Motors Filters and Other Accessories |
| 527 | Airflow Variations |
| 528 | Combustion System Variations Indoor/Outdoor Furnace Variations Heat Source Types Natural Gas and Propane Furnaces Oil Furnaces Electric Furnaces |
| 529 | Commercial Equipment Ducted Equipment Unducted Heaters Controls and Operating Characteristics External to Furnace |
| 530 | Internal to Furnace Equipment Selection Distribution System Equipment Location Forced-Air System Primary Use |
| 531 | Fuel Selection Combustion Air and Venting Equipment Sizing Types of Furnaces Consumer Considerations |
| 532 | Selecting Furnaces for Commercial Buildings Calculations |
| 533 | Technical Data Natural Gas Furnaces |
| 534 | Propane Furnaces Oil Furnaces Electric Furnaces Commercial Furnaces Installation |
| 535 | Agency Listings References |
| 536 | Bibliography |
| 537 | IP_S12_Ch34 Gas In-Space Heaters Room Heaters Wall Furnaces |
| 538 | Floor Furnaces United States Minimum Efficiency Requirements Controls Valves Thermostats |
| 539 | Vent Connectors Sizing Units Oil and Kerosene In-Space Heaters Vaporizing Oil Pot Heaters Powered Atomizing Heaters Portable Kerosene Heaters Electric In-Space Heaters Wall, Floor, Toe Space, and Ceiling Heaters Baseboard Heaters |
| 540 | Radiant Heating Systems Heating Panels and Heating Panel Sets Embedded Cable and Storage Heating Systems Cord-Connected Portable Heaters Controls Solid-Fuel In-Space Heaters Fireplaces Simple Fireplaces Factory-Built Fireplaces |
| 541 | Freestanding Fireplaces Stoves Conventional Wood Stoves Advanced-Design Wood Stoves Fireplace Inserts |
| 542 | Pellet-Burning Stoves General Installation Practices Safety with Solid Fuels Utility-Furnished Energy Products of Combustion |
| 543 | Agency Testing References Bibliography |
| 545 | IP_S12_Ch35 Terminology Draft Operating Principles |
| 546 | Chimney Functions Start-Up Air Intakes |
| 547 | Vent Size Draft Control Pollution Control Equipment Location Wind Effects Safety Factors Steady-State Chimney Design Equations |
| 548 | 1. Mass Flow of Combustion Products in Chimneys and Vents |
| 549 | 2. Mean Chimney Gas Temperature and Density |
| 551 | 3. Theoretical Draft |
| 552 | 4. System Pressure Loss Caused by Flow 5. Available Draft 6. Chimney Gas Velocity |
| 553 | 7. System Resistance Coefficient |
| 554 | Configuration and Manifolding Effects |
| 555 | 8. Input, Diameter, and Temperature Relationships |
| 556 | 9. Volumetric Flow in Chimney or System 10. Graphical Solution of Chimney or Vent System Steady-State Chimney Design Graphical Solutions |
| 558 | Vent and Chimney Capacity Calculation Examples |
| 563 | Gas Appliance Venting |
| 564 | Vent Connectors Masonry Chimneys for Gas Appliances Type B and Type L Factory-Built Venting Systems |
| 565 | Gas Appliances Without Draft Hoods Conversion to Gas Oil-Fired Appliance Venting Condensation and Corrosion |
| 566 | Connector and Chimney Corrosion Vent Connectors Masonry Chimneys for Oil-Fired Appliances Replacement of Appliances |
| 567 | Fireplace Chimneys |
| 572 | Air Supply to Fuel-Burning Appliances Vent and Chimney Materials |
| 574 | Vent and Chimney Accessories Draft Hoods Draft Regulators Vent Dampers |
| 575 | Heat Exchangers or Flue Gas Heat Extractors Draft Fans |
| 576 | Terminations: Caps and Wind Effects |
| 578 | Codes and Standards |
| 579 | Conversion Factors Symbols References |
| 580 | Bibliography |
| 581 | IP_S12_Ch36 Description Radiators Pipe Coils Convectors Baseboard Units Finned-Tube Units |
| 582 | Heat Emission Ratings of Heat-Distributing Units Radiators Convectors |
| 583 | Baseboard Units Finned-Tube Units Other Heat-Distributing Units Corrections for Nonstandard Conditions Design Effect of Water Velocity |
| 585 | Effect of Altitude Effect of Mass Performance at Low Water Temperatures Effect of Enclosure and Paint Applications Radiators Convectors Baseboard Radiation Finned-Tube Radiation |
| 586 | Radiant Panels References Bibliography |
| 587 | IP_S12_Ch37 Solar Heating Systems |
| 588 | Air-Heating Systems Liquid-Heating Systems Direct and Indirect Systems Freeze Protection |
| 589 | Solar Thermal Energy Collectors Collector Types |
| 590 | Collector Construction |
| 592 | Row Design Piping Configuration |
| 593 | Velocity Limitations Thermal Expansion Array Design Piping Configuration |
| 594 | Shading Thermal Collector Performance |
| 596 | Testing Methods Collector Test Results and Initial Screening Methods Generic Test Results |
| 597 | Thermal Energy Storage Air System Thermal Storage Liquid System Thermal Storage |
| 599 | Storage Tank Construction Storage Tank Insulation |
| 600 | Stratification and Short Circuiting Storage Sizing |
| 601 | Heat Exchangers Requirements |
| 602 | Internal Heat Exchanger External Heat Exchanger |
| 603 | Heat Exchanger Performance Controls Differential Temperature Controllers |
| 604 | Photovoltaically Powered Pumps Overtemperature Protection Hot-Water Dump |
| 605 | Heat Exchanger Freeze Protection Photovoltaic Systems Fundamentals of Photovoltaics |
| 606 | Photovoltaic Cells and Modules |
| 607 | Related Equipment References |
| 608 | Bibliography |
| 609 | IP_S12_Ch38 Positive-Displacement Compressors |
| 610 | Performance Ideal Compressor |
| 611 | Actual Compressor Compressor Efficiency, Subcooling, and Superheating |
| 612 | Abnormal Operating Conditions, Hazards, and Protective Devices Liquid Hazard Suction and Discharge Pulsations |
| 613 | Noise Vibration Shock Testing and Operating Requirements |
| 614 | Motors |
| 615 | Reciprocating Compressors |
| 616 | Performance Data Motor Performance |
| 617 | Features |
| 619 | Special Devices Application Rotary Compressors Rolling-Piston Compressors |
| 620 | Performance |
| 621 | Features Rotary-Vane Compressors |
| 622 | Single-Screw Compressors Description Compression Process Mechanical Features |
| 626 | Noise and Vibration Twin-Screw Compressors |
| 627 | Compression Process Mechanical Features |
| 628 | Capacity Control |
| 629 | Volume (Compression) Ratio Oil Injection |
| 631 | Economizers Hermetic and Semihermetic Compressors Performance Characteristics Noise |
| 632 | Orbital Compressors Scroll Compressors Description Mechanical Features |
| 633 | Capacity Control |
| 634 | Performance Noise and Vibration Operation and Maintenance Trochoidal Compressors |
| 635 | Description and Performance Centrifugal Compressors |
| 636 | Refrigeration Cycle |
| 637 | Angular Momentum Isentropic Analysis |
| 638 | Polytropic Analysis |
| 639 | Nondimensional Coefficients Mach Number |
| 640 | Performance Testing Surging |
| 641 | System Balance and Capacity Control |
| 642 | Application Critical Speed Vibration Noise |
| 643 | Drivers Paralleling Other Specialized Applications Mechanical Design Impellers Casings |
| 644 | Lubrication Bearings Accessories Operation and Maintenance |
| 645 | Symbols References |
| 647 | IP_S12_Ch39 Water-Cooled Condensers Heat Removal |
| 648 | Heat Transfer Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Water-Side Film Coefficient Refrigerant-Side Film Coefficient |
| 649 | Tube-Wall Resistance |
| 650 | Surface Efficiency Fouling Factor Water Pressure Drop |
| 651 | Liquid Subcooling Water Circuiting Types Shell-and-Tube Condensers |
| 652 | Shell-and-Coil Condensers Tube-in-Tube Condensers Brazed-Plate and Plate-and-Frame Condensers Noncondensable Gases |
| 653 | Testing and Rating Design Pressure Operation and Maintenance |
| 654 | Air-Cooled Condensers Types Plate-and-Fin |
| 655 | Integral-Fin Microchannel Fans and Air Requirements Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop |
| 656 | Condensers Remote from Compressor Condensers as Part of Condensing Unit Water-Cooled Versus Air-Cooled Condensing |
| 657 | Testing and Rating Control |
| 659 | Installation and Maintenance |
| 660 | Evaporative Condensers Heat Transfer |
| 661 | Condenser Configuration Coils Method of Coil Wetting Airflow Condenser Location |
| 662 | Multiple-Condenser Installations Ratings |
| 663 | Desuperheating Coils Refrigerant Liquid Subcoolers Multicircuit Condensers and Coolers |
| 664 | Water Treatment Water Consumption Capacity Modulation Purging Maintenance Testing and Rating |
| 665 | References |
| 666 | Bibliography |
| 667 | IP_S12_Ch40 Principle of Operation |
| 668 | Design Conditions Types of Cooling Towers |
| 670 | Direct-Contact Cooling Towers |
| 673 | Indirect-Contact Cooling Towers Hybrid Cooling Towers |
| 675 | Materials of Construction |
| 676 | Selection Considerations Application Siting |
| 677 | Piping Capacity Control |
| 678 | Water-Side Economizer (Free Cooling) |
| 679 | Winter Operation Sound |
| 680 | Drift Fogging (Cooling Tower Plume) Maintenance |
| 681 | Inspections |
| 682 | Water Treatment White Rust |
| 683 | Performance Curves |
| 684 | Cooling Tower Thermal Performance Cooling Tower Theory |
| 686 | Counterflow Integration Cross-Flow Integration |
| 687 | Tower Coefficients |
| 688 | Available Coefficients Establishing Tower Characteristics |
| 689 | Additional Information References Bibliography |
| 691 | IP_S12_Ch41 Direct Evaporative Air Coolers |
| 692 | Random-Media Air Coolers Rigid-Media Air Coolers Remote Pad Evaporative Cooling Equipment |
| 693 | Indirect Evaporative Air Coolers Packaged Indirect Evaporative Air Coolers |
| 695 | Heat Recovery Cooling Tower/Coil Systems Other Indirect Evaporative Cooling Equipment Indirect/Direct Combinations |
| 696 | Precooling and Makeup Air Pretreatment Air Washers Spray Air Washers |
| 697 | High-Velocity Spray-Type Air Washers Humidification/Dehumidification Humidification with Air Washers and Rigid Media |
| 698 | Dehumidification with Air Washers and Rigid Media Air Cleaning |
| 699 | Sound Attenuation Maintenance and Water Treatment Legionnaires’ Disease |
| 701 | IP_S12_Ch42 Types of Liquid Coolers Direct-Expansion Flooded |
| 702 | Baudelot |
| 703 | Shell-and-Coil Heat Transfer Heat Transfer Coefficients |
| 704 | Fouling Factors Wall Resistance Pressure Drop Fluid Side Refrigerant Side Vessel Design Mechanical Requirements |
| 705 | Chemical Requirements Electrical Requirements Application Considerations Refrigerant Flow Control Freeze Prevention |
| 706 | Oil Return Maintenance Insulation References |
| 707 | IP_S12_Ch43 General Characteristics Principles of Operation Common Liquid-Chilling Systems Basic System Multiple-Chiller Systems |
| 708 | Heat Recovery Systems |
| 709 | Selection Control Liquid Chiller Controls |
| 710 | Controls That Influence the Liquid Chiller Safety Controls |
| 711 | Standards and Testing General Maintenance Continual Monitoring Periodic Checks Regularly Scheduled Maintenance Extended Maintenance Checks Reciprocating Liquid Chillers Equipment Components and Their Functions |
| 712 | Capacities and Types Available Selection of Refrigerant Performance Characteristics and Operating Problems |
| 713 | Method of Selection Ratings Power Consumption Fouling Control Considerations Special Applications Centrifugal Liquid Chillers Equipment Components and Their Function |
| 714 | Capacities and Types Available Selection of Refrigerant |
| 715 | Performance and Operating Characteristics |
| 716 | Selection Ratings Fouling |
| 717 | Noise and Vibration Control Considerations Auxiliaries |
| 718 | Special Applications Free Cooling Air-Cooled System Other Coolants Vapor Condensing Operation and Maintenance |
| 719 | Screw Liquid Chillers Equipment Components and Their Function Capacities and Types Available Selection of Refrigerant Performance and Operating Characteristics |
| 720 | Selection Ratings Power Consumption Fouling Control Considerations Auxiliaries |
| 721 | Special Applications Maintenance References |
| 722 | Bibliography Online Resource |
| 723 | IP_S12_Ch44 Centrifugal Pumping Construction Features |
| 724 | Pump Types Circulator Pump Close-Coupled, Single-Stage, End-Suction Pump Frame-Mounted, End-Suction Pump on Base Plate |
| 725 | Base-Mounted, Horizontal (Axial) or Vertical, Split-Case, Single-Stage, Double-Suction Pump Base-Mounted, Horizontal, Split-Case, Multistage Pump Vertical In-Line Pump Vertical Turbine, Single- or Multistage, Sump-Mounted Pump |
| 726 | Pump Performance Curves |
| 727 | Hydronic System Curves |
| 728 | Pump and Hydronic System Curves |
| 729 | Pump Power Pump Efficiency |
| 730 | Affinity Laws |
| 731 | Radial Thrust |
| 732 | Net Positive Suction Characteristics Selection of Pumps |
| 733 | Arrangement of Pumps Parallel Pumping |
| 734 | Series Pumping Standby Pump |
| 735 | Pumps with Two-Speed Motors Primary-Secondary Pumping Variable-Speed Pumping Distributed Pumping Differential Pressure Control with Predefined Control Curves |
| 736 | Motive Power |
| 737 | Energy Conservation in Pumping Installation, Operation, and Commissioning |
| 738 | Troubleshooting References Bibliography |
| 739 | IP_S12_Ch45 Motors Alternating-Current Power Supply |
| 740 | Codes and Standards Motor Efficiency |
| 741 | General-Purpose Induction Motors |
| 742 | Application Hermetic Motors Application |
| 743 | Integral Thermal Protection |
| 744 | Motor Protection and Control Separate Motor Protection Protection of Control Apparatus and Branch Circuit Conductors |
| 745 | Three-Phase Motor-Starting and Control Methods Direct-Current Motor-Starting and Control Methods Single-Phase Motor-Starting Methods |
| 746 | Running AC Induction Motors Above Base Speed |
| 747 | VFD-Induced Bearing Currents |
| 748 | Bearing Current Identification Techniques Strategies for Mitigating Bearing Currents |
| 749 | Air Volume Control |
| 750 | Variable-Speed Drives (VSD) |
| 751 | Power Transistor Characteristics Motor and Conductor Impedance |
| 752 | Motor Ratings and NEMA Standards |
| 753 | Motor Noise and Drive Carrier Frequencies Carrier Frequencies and Drive Ratings Power Distribution System Effects |
| 754 | VSDs and Harmonics |
| 755 | References Bibliography |
| 757 | IP_S12_Ch46 Pipe Steel Pipe Copper Tube |
| 758 | Ductile Iron and Cast Iron Fittings Joining Methods Threading Soldering and Brazing Flared and Compression Joints |
| 761 | Flanges Welding Reinforced Outlet Fittings Other Joints Unions |
| 762 | Special Systems Selection of Materials |
| 763 | Pipe Wall Thickness Stress Calculations Plastic Piping |
| 764 | Allowable Stress Plastic Material Selection Pipe-Supporting Elements |
| 766 | Pipe Expansion and Flexibility Pipe Bends and Loops |
| 767 | L Bends Z Bends U Bends and Pipe Loops |
| 768 | Cold Springing of Pipe Analyzing Existing Piping Configurations Expansion Joints and Expansion Compensating Devices |
| 769 | Packed Expansion Joints |
| 770 | References Bibliography |
| 771 | IP_S12_Ch47 Fundamentals Body Ratings Materials |
| 772 | Flow Coefficient and Pressure Drop Cavitation Water Hammer Noise Body Styles |
| 773 | Manual Valves Selection Globe Valves Gate Valves Plug Valves Ball Valves |
| 774 | Butterfly Valves Pinch Valves Automatic Valves Actuators |
| 775 | Pneumatic Actuators Electric Actuators Electrohydraulic Actuators |
| 776 | Solenoids Thermostatic Radiator Valves Control of Automatic Valves Two-Way Valves (Single- and Double-Seated) Three-Way Valves Special-Purpose Valves Ball Valves |
| 777 | Butterfly Valves Control Valve Flow Characteristics |
| 778 | Control Valve Sizing |
| 779 | Applications Balancing Valves Manual Balancing Valves |
| 780 | Automatic Flow-Limiting Valves Balancing Valve Selection Multiple-Purpose Valves Safety Devices |
| 781 | Self-Contained Temperature Control Valves |
| 782 | Pressure-Reducing Valves Makeup Water Valves Check Valves |
| 783 | Stop-Check Valves Backflow Prevention Devices Selection Installation Steam Traps References Bibliography |
| 785 | IP_S12_Ch48 Fundamentals Types of Heat Exchangers |
| 786 | Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers |
| 787 | Plate Heat Exchangers Double-Wall Heat Exchangers |
| 788 | Components Shell-and-Tube Components Plate Components Application |
| 789 | Selection Criteria Thermal/Mechanical Design Cost Serviceability Space Requirements |
| 790 | Steam Installation |
| 791 | IP_S12_Ch49 General Design Considerations User Requirements Application Requirements |
| 792 | Installation Service Sustainability Types of Unitary Equipment |
| 794 | Combined Space-Conditioning/Water-Heating Systems Typical Unitary Equipment |
| 795 | Equipment and System Standards Energy Conservation and Efficiency |
| 796 | AHRI Certification Programs Safety Standards and Installation Codes Air Conditioners Refrigerant Circuit Design |
| 797 | Air-Handling Systems Electrical Design |
| 798 | Mechanical Design Accessories Heating Air-Source Heat Pumps Add-On Heat Pumps |
| 799 | Selection Refrigerant Circuit and Components |
| 800 | System Control and Installation Water-Source Heat Pumps |
| 801 | Systems Performance Certification Programs Equipment Design |
| 803 | Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Heat Pumps Application Categories Refrigerant Circuit and Components Heating and Defrost Operation References |
| 804 | Bibliography |
| 805 | IP_S12_Ch50 Room Air Conditioners Sizes and Classifications Design |
| 806 | Compressors Evaporator and Condenser Coils Restrictor Application and Sizing Fan Motor and Air Impeller Selection Electronics Performance Data Efficiency |
| 807 | Sensible Heat Ratio Energy Conservation and Efficiency High-Efficiency Design Special Features |
| 808 | Safety Codes and Standards Product Standards Installation and Service |
| 809 | Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners Sizes and Classifications |
| 810 | General Design Considerations Design of PTAC/PTHP Components |
| 811 | Heat Pump Operation Performance and Safety Testing References |
| 812 | Bibliography |
| 813 | IP_S12_Ch51 Terminology |
| 814 | Classification of Systems Storage Media |
| 815 | Basic Thermal Storage Concepts Benefits of Thermal Storage |
| 816 | Design Considerations Sensible Thermal Storage Technology Sensible Energy Storage Temperature Range and Storage Size Techniques for Thermal Separation in Sensible Storage Devices |
| 817 | Performance of Chilled-Water Storage Systems Design of Stratification Diffusers |
| 818 | Storage Tank Insulation Other Factors Chilled-Water Storage Tanks Low-Temperature Fluid Sensible Energy Storage Storage in Aquifers |
| 819 | Chilled-Water Thermal Storage Sizing Examples |
| 821 | Latent Cool Storage Technology |
| 822 | Water as Phase-Change Thermal Storage Medium Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil |
| 823 | Chiller and Ice Storage Selection |
| 824 | Operation With Disabled Chiller Selecting Storage Equipment External-Melt Ice-On-Coil |
| 825 | Encapsulated Ice |
| 826 | Ice Harvesters |
| 827 | Ice Slurry Systems Unitary Thermal Storage Systems Other Phase-Change Materials |
| 828 | Heat Storage Technology Sizing Heat Storage Systems Service Water Heating Brick Storage (ETS) Heaters |
| 830 | Pressurized Water Storage Heaters Underfloor Heat Storage Building Mass Thermal Storage |
| 832 | Storage Charging and Discharging Design Considerations Factors Favoring Thermal Storage |
| 833 | Factors Discouraging Thermal Storage Typical Applications |
| 834 | Sizing Cool Storage Systems Sizing Strategies Calculating Load Profiles |
| 835 | Sizing Equipment |
| 836 | Application of Thermal Storage Systems Chilled-Water Storage Systems |
| 838 | Ice (and PCM) Storage Systems |
| 839 | Unitary Thermal Storage Systems |
| 840 | Operation and Control Operating Modes |
| 842 | Control Strategies Operating Strategies Utility Demand Control Instrumentation Requirements Other Design Considerations Hydronic System Design for Open Systems Cold-Air Distribution |
| 843 | Storage of Heat in Cool Storage Units |
| 844 | System Interface Insulation Cost Considerations Maintenance Considerations |
| 845 | Water Treatment Commissioning |
| 846 | Statement of Design Intent Commissioning Specification Required Information Performance Verification |
| 847 | Sample Commissioning Plan Outline for Chilled-Water Plants with Thermal Storage Systems Good Practices |
| 848 | References |
| 849 | Bibliography |
| 851 | IP_S12_Ch52 Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations |
| 876 | ORGANIZATIONS |
| 878 | S12AdditionsI-P 2009 Fundamentals |
| 880 | Fig. 7 R-Value Required to Prevent Condensation on Surface with Emittance e = 0.9 Fig. 7 Surface-Averaged Wall Pressure Coefficients for Tall Buildings 2010 Refrigeration |
| 881 | Table 3 Cellular Glass Insulation Thickness for Indoor Design Conditions Table 2 Values 2011 HVAC Applications Fig. 9 Typical Layout of UVGI Fixtures for Patient Isolation Room |
| 882 | Table 4 Typical Thermal Properties of Common Building and Insulating Materials: Design Valuesa |
| 887 | Table 4 Energy Cost Percentiles from 2003 Commercial Survey |
| 888 | I-P_S2012Index_bookIX Abbreviations, F37 Absorbents Absorption Acoustics. See Sound Activated carbon adsorption, A46.7 ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index (ADPI) Adsorbents Adsorption Aeration, of farm crops, A25 Aerosols, S29.1 Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S44.8 AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) AHU. See Air handlers Air Air barriers, F26.13 Airborne infectious diseases, F10.6 Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial exhaust gas cleaning) Air conditioners. (See also Central air conditioning) |
| 889 | Air conditioning. (See also Central air conditioning) Air contaminants, F11. (See also Contaminants) Aircraft, A12 Air curtains, display cases, R15.5 Air diffusers Air diffusion Air diffusion performance index (ADPI), A57.5; F20.12, 13 Air distribution Air exchange rate Air filters. See Filters, air Airflow |
| 890 | Airflow retarders, F25.7, 8 Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow) Air handlers Air inlets Air intakes Air jets. See Air diffusion Air leakage. (See also Infiltration) Air outlets Airports, air conditioning, A3.6 Air quality. [See also Indoor air quality (IAQ)] Airtightness, F36.22 Air-to-air energy recovery, S26 Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13 Air transport, R27 Air washers Algae, control, A49.5 All-air systems Ammonia Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A55.7 Anemometers Animal environments Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), S33.9; S34.2 Antifreeze Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5 Apartment buildings Aquifers, thermal storage, S51.6 Archimedes number, F20.6 Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries Arenas Argon, recovery, R47.17 Asbestos, F10.4 ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH) Atriums Attics, unconditioned, F27.2 Auditoriums, A5.3 Automobiles |
| 891 | Autopsy rooms, A9.5, 6 Avogadro’s law, and fuel combustion, F28.10 Backflow-prevention devices, S47.13 BACnet®, A40.17; F7.18 Bacteria Bakery products, R41 Balance point, heat pumps, S49.9 Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and balancing) BAS. See Building automation systems (BAS) Baseboard units Basements Beer’s law, F4.16 Bernoulli equation, F21.1 Best efficiency point (BEP), S44.7 Beverages, R39 BIM. See Building information modeling (BIM) Bioaerosols Biocides, control, A49.5 Biodiesel, F28.6 Biological safety cabinets, A16.6 Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A18.7 Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Boilers, S32 Boiling Brake horsepower, S44.8 Brayton cycle Bread, R41 Breweries Brines. See Coolants, secondary Building automation systems (BAS), A40.17; F7.14 Building energy monitoring, A41. (See also Energy, monitoring) Building envelopes |
| 892 | Building information modeling (BIM), A40.15 Building materials, properties, F26 Building thermal mass Burners Buses Bus terminals Butane, commercial, F28.5 CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD) Cafeterias, service water heating, A50.14, 21 Calcium chloride brines, F31.1 Candy Capillary action, and moisture flow, F25.8 Capillary tubes Carbon dioxide Carbon emissions, F34.6 Carbon monoxide Cargo containers, R25 Carnot refrigeration cycle, F2.6 Cattle, beef, and dairy, A24.7. (See also Animal environments) CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV) Cavitation, F3.13 CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Ceiling effect. See Coanda effect Ceilings Central air conditioning, A42. (See also Air conditioning) Central plants Central systems Cetane number, engine fuels, F28.8 CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Charging, refrigeration systems, R8.4 Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents, A59 |
| 893 | Chemical plants Chemisorption, A46.7 Chilled beams, S20.9 Chilled water (CW) Chillers Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F6.7 Chimneys, S35 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), A34.6 Chocolate, R42.1. (See also Candy) Choking, F3.13 CHP systems. See Combined heat and power (CHP) Cinemas, A5.3 Claude cycle, R47.8 Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces Clean spaces, A18 Clear-sky solar radiation, calculation, F14.7 Climate design information, F14 Clothing CLTD/CLF. See Cooling load temperature differential method with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF) Coal Coanda effect, A33.6; F20.6; S20.2 Codes, S52. (See also Standards) |
| 894 | Coefficient of performance (COP) Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power (CHP) Coils Colburn’s analogy, F4.17 Colebrook equation Collectors, solar, A35.6, 11, 23, 25; S37.3 Colleges and universities, A7.11 Combined heat and power (CHP), S7 Combustion, F28 Combustion air systems Combustion turbine inlet cooling (CTIC), S7.20; S8.1 Comfort. (See also Physiological principles, humans) Commercial and public buildings, A3 |
| 895 | Commissioning, A43 Compressors, S38 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F13.1 Computer-aided design (CAD), A18.5; A40.14 Computers, A40 Concert halls, A5.4 Concrete Condensate Condensation |
| 896 | Condensers, S39 Conductance, thermal, F4.3; F25.1 Conduction Conductivity, thermal, F25.1; F26.4 Constant air volume (CAV) Constant-volume, all-air systems Construction. (See also Building envelopes) Containers. (See also Cargo containers) Contaminants Continuity, fluid dynamics, F3.2 Control. (See also Controls, automatic; Supervisory control) |
| 897 | Controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and plant growth, A24.16 Controls, automatic, F7. (See also Control) Convection Convectors Convention centers, A5.5 Conversion factors, F38 Coolants, secondary Coolers. (See also Refrigerators) |
| 898 | Cooling. (See also Air conditioning) Cooling load Cooling load temperature differential method with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF), F18.49 Cooling towers, S40 Cool storage, S51.1 COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP) Corn, drying, A25.1 Correctional facilities. See Justice facilities Corrosion Costs. (See also Economics) Cotton, drying, A25.8 Courthouses, A9.4 Courtrooms, A9.5 CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) Crawlspaces Critical spaces Crops. See Farm crops Cruise terminals, A3.6 Cryogenics, R47 |
| 899 | Curtain walls, F15.5 Cycloparaffins, R12.3 Dairy products, R33 Dampers Dams, concrete cooling, R45.1 Darcy equation, F21.6 Darcy-Weisbach equation Data-driven modeling Data processing areas Daylighting DDC. See Direct digital control (DDC) Defrosting Degree-days, F14.11; F19.19 Dehumidification, A47.12; S24 Dehumidifiers Dehydration Density Dental facilities, A8.15 Desiccants, F32.1; S24.1 |
| 900 | Desuperheaters Dew-point Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R47.5 Diesel fuel, F28.8 Diffusers, air, sound control, A48.12 Diffusion Diffusivity Dilution Dining halls, in justice facilities, A9.4 DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR) Direct digital control (DDC), F7.4, 10 Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence modeling, F13.4; F24.10 Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F3.9 Dispersive infrared (DIR), F7.9 Display cases, R15.1, 4 District energy (DE), S12.1 District heating and cooling (DHC), S12 d-limonene, F31.13 DNS. See Direct numerical simulation (DNS) Doors Dormitories Draft Drag, in fluid flow, F3.5 Driers, R7.6. (See also Dryers) Drip station, steam systems, S12.11 Dryers. (See also Driers) Drying DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW) system Dual-duct systems Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S13.1 DuBois equation, F9.3 Duct design Ducts |
| 901 | Dust mites, F25.14 Dusts, S29.1 Dynamometers, A17.1 Earth, stabilization, R45.3, 4 Earthquakes, seismic-resistant design, A55.1 Economic analysis, A37 Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP), S7.49 Economics. (See also Costs) Economizers ECOP. See Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP) ECS. See Environmental control system (ECS) Eddy diffusivity, F6.7 Educational facilities, A7 EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER) Effectiveness, heat transfer, F4.21 Effective radiant flux (ERF), A54.2 Efficiency Eggs, R34 EIFS. See Exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS) Electricity Electric thermal storage (ETS), S51.16 Electrostatic precipitators, S29.6; S30.7 Elevators Emissions, pollution, F28.7 Emissivity, F4.2 Emittance, thermal, F25.2 Enclosed vehicular facilities, A15 Energy |
| 902 | Energy efficiency ratio (EER), S50.1 Energy savings performance contracting (ESPC), A37.8 Energy transfer station, S12.32 Engines, S7 Engine test facilities, A17 Enhanced tubes. See Finned-tube heat transfer coils Enthalpy Entropy, F2.1 Environmental control Environmental control system (ECS), A12 Environmental health, F10 Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) Equipment vibration, A48.43; F8.18 ERF. See Effective radiant flux (ERF) ESPC. See Energy savings performance contracting (ESPC) Ethylene glycol, in hydronic systems, S13.23 ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); Electric thermal storage (ETS) Evaluation. See Testing Evaporation, in tubes Evaporative coolers. (See also Refrigerators) Evaporative cooling, A52 Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid) |
| 903 | Exfiltration, F16.1 Exhaust Exhibit buildings, temporary, A5.8 Exhibit cases, A23.5, 16 Exhibition centers, A5.5 Expansion joints and devices, S46.10 Expansion tanks, S12.8 Explosions. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Fairs, A5.8 Family courts, A9.3. (See also Juvenile facilities) Fan-coil units, S5.6 Fans, S21 Farm crops Faults, system, reasons for detecting, A39.6 f-Chart method, sizing heating and cooling systems, A35.20 Fenestration. (See also Windows) Fick’s law, F6.1 Filters, air, S29. (See also Air cleaners) Filters, water, A49.7 Finned-tube heat-distributing units, S36.1, 5 Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F4.24 Fins, F4.4 Fire/smoke management. See Smoke management Firearm laboratories, A9.6 Fireplaces, S34.4 Fire safety |
| 904 | Fish, R19; R32 Fitness facilities. (See also Gymnasiums) Fittings Fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.7. (See also Mass-transit systems) Fixture units, A50.1, 26 Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, F28.1 Flash tank, steam systems, S11.15 Floors Flowers, cut Flowmeters, A38.12; F36.18 Fluid dynamics computations, F13.1 Fluid flow, F3 Food. (See also specific foods) Food service Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1 Forensic labs, A9.5 Fouling factor Foundations, moisture control, A44.11 Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control, A49.7 Fourier’s law, and heat transfer, F25.5 Four-pipe systems, S5.5 Framing Freeze drying, A30.6 Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection systems) Freeze protection systems, A51.17, 19 Freezers |
| 905 | Freezing Friction, in fluid flow Friction losses, F21.7 Fruit juice, R38 Fruits Fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP), S7.22 Fuels, F28 Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, A16.3 Fungal pathogens, F10.7 Furnaces, S33 Galleries. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries Garages Gases Gas-fired equipment, S34. (See also Natural gas) Gas vents, S35.1 GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP) Generators Geothermal energy, A34 Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A34.10 Glaser method, F25.13 Glazing Global warming potential (GWP), R6.1 Glycols, desiccant solution, S24.2 Green design, and sustainability, F35.1 Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments) |
| 906 | Grids, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4 Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP) Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A34.1, 9 Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A34.25 GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP) Guard stations, in justice facilities, A9.4 GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP) GWP. See Global warming potential (GWP) Gymnasiums, A5.5; A7.3 HACCP. See Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) Halocarbon Hartford loop, S11.3 Hay, drying, A25.7 Hazard analysis and control, F10.3 Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP), R22.4 Hazen-Williams equation, F22.1 HB. See Heat balance (HB) Health Health care facilities, A8. (See also specific types) Heat Heat and moisture control, F27.1 Heat balance, S9.19 Heat capacity, F25.1 Heat control, F27 Heaters, S34 Heat exchangers, S48 Heat flow, F25. (See also Heat transfer) Heat flux, F25.1 Heat gain. (See also Load calculations) Heating |
| 907 | Heating load Heating values of fuels, F28.3, 7, 9 Heat loss. (See also Load calculations) Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, S26.13 Heat pumps Heat recovery. (See also Energy, recovery) Heat storage. See Thermal storage Heat stress Heat transfer, F4; F26. (See also Heat flow) |
| 908 | Heat transmission Heat traps, A50.2 Helium High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, A28.3; S29.6; S30.3 High-rise buildings. See Tall Buildings High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization, R33.2 High-temperature water (HTW) system, S13.1 Homeland security. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Hoods Hospitals, A8.2 Hot-box method, of thermal modeling, F25.7 Hotels and motels, A6 Hot-gas bypass, R1.34 Houses of worship, A5.3 HSI. See Heat stress, index (HSI) HTST. See High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization Humidification, S22 Humidifiers, S22 Humidity HVAC security, A59 Hydrogen, liquid, R47.2 Hydronic systems, S35. (See also Water systems) Hygrometers, F7.9; F36.10, 11 Hygrothermal loads, F25.2 Hygrothermal modeling, F25.13; F27.11 IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ) IBD. See Integrated building design (IBD) Ice Ice makers Ice rinks, A5.5; R44 |
| 909 | ID50‚ mean infectious dose, A59.8 Ignition temperatures of fuels, F28.2 IGUs. See Insulating glazing units (IGUs) Indoor air quality (IAQ). (See also Air quality) Indoor environmental modeling, F13 Induction Industrial applications Industrial environments, A14; A31; A32 Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29. (See also Air cleaners) Industrial hygiene, F10.3 Infiltration. (See also Air leakage) Infrared applications In-room terminal systems Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments or applications) Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F15.1 Insulation, electrical, R6.9 Insulation, thermal |
| 910 | Integrated building design (IBD), A58.1 Integrated design process (IDP), A58.1 Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.3 Jacketing, insulation, R10.7 Jails, A9.3 Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6 Judges’ chambers, A9.5 Juice, R38.1 Jury facilities, A9.5 Justice facilities, A9 Juvenile facilities, A9.1. (See also Family courts) K-12 schools, A7.2 Kelvin’s equation, F25.9 Kirchoff’s law, F4.12 Kitchens, A33 Kleemenko cycle, R47.13 Krypton, recovery, R47.18 Kyoto protocol, F35.4 Laboratories, A16 Laboratory information management systems (LIMS), A9.7 Lakes, heat transfer, A34.30 Laminar flow Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence modeling, F13.3; F24.10 |
| 911 | Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F36.17 Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F36.17 Latent energy change materials, S51.2 Laundries LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR) LD50‚ mean lethal dose, A59.8 LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA) LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV) LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating Leakage Leakage function, relationship, F16.14 Leak detection of refrigerants, F29.8 Legionella pneumophila, A49.6; F10.6 Legionnaires’ disease. See Legionella pneumophila LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES) Lewis relation, F6.9; F9.4 Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries Life expectancy (LE) rating, film, A22.3 Lighting Light measurement, F36.29 LIMS. See Laboratory information management systems (LIMS) Linde cycle, R47.6 Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S8.6 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F28.5 Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R4 Lithium bromide/water, F30.1, 69 Lithium chloride, S24.2 Load calculations Load collector ratio (LCR), A35.21 Local exhaust. See Exhaust Loss coefficients Louvers, F15.29 Low-temperature water (LTW) system, S13.1 LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW) system Lubricants, R12. (See also Lubrication; Oil) Lubrication Mach number, S38.31 Maintenance. (See also Operation and maintenance) |
| 912 | Makeup air units, S28.8 Malls, A2.6 Manometers, differential pressure readout, A38.12 Manufactured homes, A1.7 Masonry, insulation, F26.7. (See also Building envelopes) Mass transfer, F6 Mass-transit systems McLeod gages, F36.13 Mean infectious dose (ID50), A59.8 Mean lethal dose (LD50), A59.8 Mean radiant temperature (MRT), A54.1 Mean temperature difference, F4.21 Measurement, F36. (See also Instruments) Meat, R30 Mechanical equipment room, central Mechanical traps, steam systems, S11.8 Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, S13.1 Meshes, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4 Metabolic rate, F9.6 Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R48.6 Microbial growth, R22.4 Microbiology of foods, R22.1 Mines, A29 Modeling. (See also Data-driven modeling; Energy, modeling) Moist air Moisture Mold, F25.14 Montreal Protocol, F29.1 |
| 913 | Motors, S45 Movie theaters, A5.3 MRT. See Mean radiant temperature (MRT) Multifamily residences, A1.6 Multiple-use complexes Multisplit unitary equipment, S49.1 Multizone airflow modeling, F13.14 Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools) Natural gas, F28.5 Navier-Stokes equations, F13.1 NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves Net positive suction head (NPSH), A34.27; R2.3; S44.10 Night setback,recovery, A42.36 Nitrogen Noise, F8.13. (See also Sound) Noise criterion (NC) curves, F8.16 Noncondensable gases NPSH. See Net positive suction head (NPSH) NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU) Nuclear facilities, A28 Number of transfer units (NTU) Nursing facilities, A8.14 Nuts, storage, R42.7 Odors, F12 ODP. See Ozone depletion potential (ODP) Office buildings Oil, fuel, F28.6 Oil. (See also Lubricants) Olf unit, F12.6 One-pipe systems Operating costs, A37.4 Operation and maintenance, A39. (See also Maintenance) Optimization, A42.4 Outdoor air, free cooling Outlets, air diffusion, performance, F20.10 Outpatient health care facilities, A8.14 Owning costs, A37.1 Oxygen |
| 914 | Ozone Ozone depletion potential (ODP), R6.1 PAC. See Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs), S50.5 Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S50.5 PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Paint, and moisture problems, F25.14 Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also Radiant heating and cooling) Paper Paper products facilities, A26 Paraffins, R12.3 Parallel compressor systems, R15.14 Particulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ), F10.4, 5 Pasteurization, R33.2 Peanuts, drying, A25.8 PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL) Performance contracting, A41.2 Permafrost stabilization, R45.4 Permeability Permeance Permissible exposure limits (PEL), F10.5 Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms, A18.7 Phase-change materials, thermal storage of, S51.15, 26 Photographic materials, A22 Photovoltaic (PV) systems, S36.18. (See also Solar energy) Physical properties of materials, F33 Physiological principles, humans. (See also Comfort) Pigs. See Swine Pipes, S46. (See also Piping) Piping. (See also Pipes) |
| 915 | Pitot tube, A38.2; F36.17 Places of assembly, A5 Planes. See Aircraft Plank’s equation, R20.7 Plant environments, A24.10 Plenums PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV) Police stations, A9.1 Pollutant transport modeling. See Contami- nants, indoor, concentration prediction Pollution, air, and combustion, F28.7, 14 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), F10.5 Polydimethylsiloxane, F31.13 Ponds, spray, S40.6 Pope cell, F36.12 Positive positioners, F7.8 Potatoes Poultry. (See also Animal environments; Chickens; Turkeys) Power-law airflow model, F13.14 Power plants, A27 PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) Prandtl number, F4.17 Precooling Predicted mean vote (PMV), F36.30 Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.17 Preschools, A7.1 Pressure Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach equation) Primary-air systems, S5.10 Printing plants, A20 |
| 916 | Prisons, A9.3 Produce Propane Propylene glycol, hydronic systems, S13.23 Psychrometers, F1.13 Psychrometrics, F1 PTACs. See Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs) PTHPs. See Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs) Public buildings. See Commercial and public buildings; Places of assembly Pulldown load, R15.5 Pumps Purge units, centrifugal chillers, S43.11 Radiant heating and cooling, A55; S6.1; S15; S33.4. (See also Panel heating and cooling) Radiant time series (RTS) method, F18.2, 20 Radiation Radiators, S36.1, 5 Radioactive gases, contaminants, F11.19 Radiometers, A54.7 Radon, F10.10, 12, 17 Rail cars Railroad tunnels, ventilation Rain, and building envelopes, F25.3 RANS. See Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit systems Rayleigh number, F4.18 RC curves. See Room criterion (RC) curves Receivers |
| 917 | Recycling refrigerants, R9.3 Refrigerant/absorbent pairs, F2.15 Refrigerant-control devices, R11 Refrigerants, F29.1 Refrigerant transfer units (RTU), liquid chillers, S43.11 Refrigerated facilities, R23 Refrigeration, F1.1. (See also Absorption) |
| 918 | Refrigeration oils, R12. (See also Lubricants) Refrigerators Regulators. (See also Valves) Residential systems, A1 Resistance, thermal, F4; F25; F26. (See also R-values) Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F7.9; F36.6 Resistivity, thermal, F25.1 Resource utilization factor (RUF), F34.2 Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19.17 Restaurants Retail facilities, A2 Retrofit performance monitoring, A41.4 Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant control, R7.9 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, F13.3; F24.10 Reynolds number, F3.3 Rice, drying, A25.9 RMS. See Root mean square (RMS) Road tunnels, A15.3 Roof ponds, Legionella pneumophila control, A49.7 Roofs Room air distribution, A57; S20.1 Room criterion (RC) curves, F8.17 Root mean square (RMS), F36.1 Roughness factors, ducts, F21.6 RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices (RTDs) RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS) RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU) RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF) Rusting, of building components, F25.15 R-values, F23; F25; F26. (See also Resistance, thermal) Safety |
| 919 | Safety showers, Legionella pneumophila control, A49.7 Sanitation Savings-to-investment-ratio (SIR), A37.11 Scale Schematic design, A58.9 Schneider system, R23.7 Schools Security. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Seeds, storage, A25.11 Seismic restraint, A48.51; A55.1 Sensors Separators, lubricant, R11.23 Service water heating, A50 SES. See Subway environment simulation (SES) program Shading Ships, A13 Short-tube restrictors, R11.31 Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.10 SIR. See Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) Skating rinks, R44.1 Skylights, and solar heat gain, F15.19 Slab heating, A51 Slab-on-grade foundations, A44.11 SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR) Smoke management, A53 Snow-melting systems, A51 |
| 920 | Snubbers, seismic, A55.8 Sodium chloride brines, F31.1 Soft drinks, R39.10 Soils. (See also Earth) Solar energy, A35; S37.1 Solar heat gain Solar-load ratio (SLR), A35.21 Solar-optical glazing, F15.13 Solar radiation Solid fuel Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A30.7 Soot, F28.17 Sorbents, F32.1 Sorption isotherm, F25.8 Sound, F8. (See also Noise) Sound control, A48; F8. (See also Noise) |
| 921 | Soybeans, drying, A25.7 Specific heat Spot cooling Spot heating, A54.4 Stack effect Stadiums, A5.4 Stairwells, smoke control, A53.9 Standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1 Standards, S52. (See also Codes) Static electricity and humidity, S22.2 Steam Steam systems, S11 Steam traps, S11.7 Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F4.2, 11 Stevens’ law, F12.3 Stirling cycle, R47.14 Stokers, S31.16 Storage Stoves, heating, S34.5 Stratification Stroboscopes, F36.25 Subcoolers Subway environment simulation (SES) program, A15.3 Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit systems) Suction risers, R2.26 Sulfur content, fuel oils, F28.7 Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47.5 Supervisory control, A42 |
| 922 | Supply air outlets, S20.1. (See also Air outlets) Surface effect. See Coanda effect Surface transportation Surface water heat pump (SWHP), A34.12 Sustainability, F16.1; F35.1; S49.2 SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP) Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums) Swine, recommended environment, A24.7 Symbols, F37 Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5 Tachometers, F36.25 Tall buildings, A4 Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2 Temperature Temperature-controlled transport, R25.1 Temperature index, S22.3 Terminal units, A47.12; S20.8 Terminology, R50 Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents TES. See Thermal energy storage (TES) Testing Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also Balancing) TETD/TA. See Total equivalent temperature differential method with time averaging (TETD/TA) TEWI. See Total equivalent warning impact (TEWI) Textile processing plants, A21 |
| 923 | TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM) Theaters, A5.3 Thermal bridges, F25.7 Thermal comfort. See Comfort Thermal emittance, F25.2 Thermal energy storage (TES), S8.5; S51 Thermal properties, F26.1 Thermal resistivity, F25.1 Thermal storage, S51 Thermal transmission data, F26 Thermistors, R11.4 Thermodynamics, F2.1 Thermometers, F36.5 Thermopile, F7.4; F36.8; R45.4 Thermosiphons Thermostats Three-pipe distribution, S5.5 Tobacco smoke Tollbooths Total equivalent temperature differential method with time averaging (TETD/TA), F18.49 Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), R6.1 Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI); ; R15.16 Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo containers) Transducers, pneumatic pressure, F7.9 Transfer function method (TFM), A40.9; F18.49 Transmittance, thermal, F25.1 Transmitters, pneumatic pressure, F7.9 Transpiration, R19.19 Transportation centers Transport properties of refrigerants, F30 Traps Trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo containers) Tuning automatic control systems, F7.18 Tunnels, vehicular, A15.1 Turbines, S7 |
| 924 | Turbochargers, heat recovery, S7.34 Turbulence modeling, F13.3 Turbulent flow, fluids, F3.3 Turndown ratio, design capacity, S13.4 Two-pipe systems, S5.5; S13.19 U.S. Marshal spaces, A9.5 U-factor Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S29.6; S30.3 Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems, S17 Ultraviolet air and surface treatment, A60 Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), S16.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems] Uncertainty analysis Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems, A4.5 Unitary systems, S49 Unit heaters. See Heaters Units and conversions, F38.1 Unit ventilators, S28.1 Utility interfacing, electric, S7.43 UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28.9 Validation, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 Valves, S46. (See also Regulators) Vaporization systems, S8.6 Vapor pressure, F27.8; F33.2 Vapor retarders, jackets, F23.9 Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems Variable-frequency drives, S45.12 Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), S18.1; S49.1, 13 |
| 925 | VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems Vegetables, R37 Vehicles Vena contracta, F3.4 Vending machines, R16.5 Ventilation, F16 Ventilators Venting Verification, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.3 Vibration, F8.18 Vibration control, A48 Viral pathogens, F10.7 Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat release rate, A29.3 Viscosity, F3.1 Volatile organic compounds (VOC), Volatile organic compounds (VOC), F10.9 Voltage, A56.1 Volume ratio, compressors VRF. See Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) VRT. See Virgin rock temperature (VRT) Walls Warehouses, A3.8 Water Water heaters |
| 926 | Water/lithium bromide absorption Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S2.4; S49.10 Water systems, S13 Water treatment, A49 Water vapor control, A44.6 Water vapor retarders, F26.13 Water wells, A34.26 Weather data Welding sheet metal, S19.11 Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), heat stress, A31.5 Wheels, rotary enthalpy, S26.9 Whirlpools and spas Wien’s displacement law, F4.12 Wind. (See also Climate design information; Weather data) Wind chill index, F9.22 Windows. (See also Fenestration) Wind restraint design, A55.15 Wineries Wood construction, and moisture, F25.8 Wood products facilities, A26.1 Wood pulp, A26.2 Wood stoves, S34.5 World Wide Web (WWW), A40.8 WSHP. See Water-source heat pump (WSHP) WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW) Xenon, R47.18 |
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