ASHRAE SmokeControlEngrg 2012:2018 Edition
$88.29
Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2018 | 518 |
Published in cooperation with ICC, NFPA, and SFPE, the Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering provides authoritative, comprehensive guidance on the latest in smoke control practice, incorporating the latest research and current engineering approaches. With more than 500 pages of in-depth guidance, the handbook describes smoke control technology, including fundamental concepts, smoke control systems, and methods of analysis, and contains the information needed for the analysis of design fires, including considerations of sprinklers, shielded fires, and transient fuels. Systems discussed in the handbook include those for stairwell pressurization, elevator pressurization, zoned smoke control, and atrium smoke control. This is the first smoke control book with climatic data so that users will have easy-to-use weather data specifically for smoke control design for locations in the U.S., Canada, and throughout the world. Following the success of Principles of Smoke Management in 2002, this new book adds coverage of topics including controls, fire and smoke control in transport tunnels, and full-scale fire testing. For those getting started with the computer models CONTAM and CFAST, there are simplified instructions with examples. Unique to previous smoke control literature, this handbook provides many example calculations to help designers prevent smoke damage. It is extremely useful for practicing engineers, architects, code officials, researchers, and students.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | About the Authors |
| 10 | HOW TO USE THIS BOOK |
| 11 | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| 23 | PREFACE |
| 24 | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
| 25 | NOTE ON SUSTAINABILITY |
| 27 | CHAPTER 1 Units and Properties Dual Units The SI System |
| 28 | Chapters in SI Only |
| 29 | Temperature Conversion Temperature Difference Soft and Hard Conversions Unit Conversions for Equations |
| 34 | Physical Data U.S. Standard Atmosphere |
| 38 | Nomenclature References |
| 39 | CHAPTER 2Climatic Design Data Climatic Data |
| 40 | Standard Barometric Pressure Winter Design Temperature Summer Design Temperature Design Wind |
| 131 | References |
| 133 | CHAPTER 3 Flow of Air and Smoke Flow Equations Orifice Flow Equation |
| 134 | Density of Gases Exponential Flow |
| 135 | Gap Method |
| 138 | Bidirectional Flow Pressure Difference |
| 139 | Continuous Opening Two Openings |
| 140 | Pressure Losses in Shafts Ducts and Shafts |
| 142 | Stairwell Flow Flow Areas & Coefficients |
| 148 | Effective Areas |
| 150 | Symmetry |
| 151 | Driving Forces Buoyancy of Combustion Gases Expansion of Combustion Gases |
| 152 | Fan-Powered Ventilation Systems Elevator Piston Effect |
| 154 | Stack Effect |
| 157 | Wind |
| 160 | Nomenclature |
| 161 | References |
| 163 | CHAPTER 4 Timed Egress Analysis Timeline |
| 164 | Analysis Approaches Algebraic Equation-Based Methods |
| 165 | Velocity Density |
| 166 | Specific Flow |
| 167 | Flow |
| 168 | Simplified Method Individual Component Analysis |
| 169 | Computer-Based Evacuation Models |
| 171 | Egress System Human Behavior Modeling Individual Tracking Uncertainty Reference Summary |
| 172 | Human Behavior PreMovement Nomenclature |
| 173 | References |
| 175 | CHAPTER 5 Fire Science and Design Fires Design Fires Avoid Wishful Thinking Transient Fuels |
| 176 | Decision Tree HRR per Unit Area |
| 177 | Stages of Fire Development Fire Growth |
| 179 | Flashover |
| 180 | Fully Developed Fire Fire Decay Sprinklers |
| 181 | HRR Decay Sprinkler Actuation |
| 182 | Shielded Fires |
| 184 | Measurement of HRR Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry |
| 185 | HRR of Objects |
| 191 | Radiant Ignition |
| 192 | Fuel Packages |
| 194 | Nomenclature |
| 195 | References |
| 197 | CHAPTER 6 Human Exposure to Smoke Time Exposure Exposure to Toxic Gases CO and CO2 |
| 198 | Gas Exposure Models Animal Tests & the FED Model |
| 199 | N-Gas Model |
| 200 | Exposure to Heat |
| 202 | Exposure to Thermal Radiation |
| 203 | Smoke Obscuration |
| 204 | Reduced Visibility |
| 205 | Calculating Reduced Visibility |
| 207 | Nonuniform Smoke |
| 210 | Tenability |
| 211 | Exposure Approaches |
| 212 | Heat Exposure Thermal Radiation Exposure Reduced Visibility Toxic Gases Exposure |
| 214 | Nomenclature References |
| 217 | CHAPTER 7 Air-Moving Systems and Equipment Residential Systems Perimeter and Core Zones |
| 218 | Individual Room Units Forced-Air Systems |
| 219 | Types of Systems |
| 221 | Other Special-Purpose Systems |
| 222 | Fans Centrifugal Fans |
| 223 | Axial Fans |
| 224 | Dampers Fire Dampers |
| 225 | Smoke Dampers |
| 226 | Combination Fire/Smoke Dampers References |
| 227 | CHAPTER 8 Controls Control Systems Listings |
| 228 | Activation of Smoke Control Automatic |
| 229 | Manual Firefighter’s Smoke Control Station (FSCS) |
| 230 | Control Priorities |
| 231 | Control of System Outputs Activation Schedules |
| 232 | Response Times |
| 233 | Interface to Other Building Systems Hardwired |
| 234 | Gateway Shared Network Wiring |
| 235 | Example Control Circuit Diagrams Nondedicated Fan with Shared On/Off Control |
| 236 | Nondedicated Fan with Separate On/Off Controls for Smoke Control and Normal Operation Dedicated Stairwell Pressurization Fan |
| 237 | Dedicated Smoke Damper System Reliability Normal Operation as a Method of Verification |
| 238 | Electrical Supervision End-to-End Verification |
| 239 | Automatic Testing Manual Testing Sensing Devices |
| 240 | Best Practices Use of a Single Control System to Coordinate Smoke Control |
| 242 | Control of Devices that are Not Part of the Smoke Control System References |
| 243 | CHAPTER 9 Basics of Passive and Pressurization Systems Passive Smoke Control |
| 244 | Pressurization Concept Opening and Closing Doors Validation Experiments Henry Grady Hotel Tests |
| 245 | 30 Church Street Tests |
| 246 | Plaza Hotel Tests The NRCC Experimental Fire Tower |
| 247 | Smoke Feedback Wind Design Pressure Differences |
| 248 | Minimum Pressure Difference |
| 249 | Maximum Pressure Difference |
| 250 | Analysis Approach for Pressurization Systems |
| 251 | Nomenclature References |
| 253 | CHAPTER 10 Pressurized Stairwells Design and Analysis Simple Systems in Simple Buildings |
| 254 | Systems in Complicated Buildings Pressurization Systems |
| 255 | Single and Multiple Injection |
| 256 | Compartmentation Vestibules System with Fire Floor Exhaust |
| 257 | Stairwell Temperature Untreated Pressurization Air Analysis by Algebraic Equations |
| 258 | Pressure Differences |
| 260 | Average Pressure Differences Stairwell Supply Air |
| 263 | Height Limit |
| 264 | Example Calculations Rule of Thumb |
| 265 | Systems with Open Doors Doors Propped Open Need for Compensated Systems |
| 268 | Compensated and the Wind Compensated Systems |
| 271 | Nomenclature References |
| 274 | CHAPTER 11 Pressurized Elevators Design and Analysis |
| 275 | Design Pressure Differences Shaft Temperature Elevator Top Vent |
| 276 | Piston Effect Volumetric Flow Pressurization Systems Basic System |
| 281 | Exterior Vent (EV) System |
| 283 | Floor Exhaust (FE) System |
| 286 | Ground Floor Lobby (GFL) System |
| 291 | References CHAPTER 12 Elevator Evacuation Systems |
| 292 | Elevator Evacuation Concept Availability |
| 293 | Elevator Control Human Considerations |
| 294 | EEES Protection Heat and Flame Smoke Water Overheating of Elevator Room Equipment Electrical Power Earthquakes |
| 295 | Fire Inside the EEES Elevator Smoke Control Design Pressure Differences Analysis Piston Effect Top Vent Pressurization Systems |
| 296 | Elevator Evacuation Time Evacuation Time |
| 297 | Start-Up Time Elevator Round Trip Time |
| 298 | Standing Time |
| 301 | Travel Time |
| 303 | Nomenclature |
| 304 | References |
| 306 | CHAPTER 13 Zoned Smoke Control Zoned Smoke Control Concept Smoke Zone Size and Arrangement |
| 308 | Interaction with Pressurized Stairs |
| 309 | Analysis Use of HVAC System Separate HVAC Systems for Each Floor |
| 311 | HVAC System for Many Floors |
| 312 | Dedicated Equipment Zoned Smoke Control by Pressurization and Exhaust |
| 313 | Zoned Smoke Control by Exhaust Only Exhaust Fan Temperature |
| 314 | Exterior Wall Vents |
| 315 | Smoke Shafts |
| 316 | Nomenclature References |
| 318 | CHAPTER 14 Network Modeling and CONTAM Purpose of Network Modeling Early Network Models |
| 320 | Network Model Mass Flow Equations |
| 321 | Contaminant Flow CONTAM Features Zone Pressures Wind |
| 322 | CONTAM Output CONTAM User Information |
| 323 | CONTAM Representation of a Floor |
| 324 | CONTAM Window |
| 326 | Pop-Up Menu |
| 328 | Speeding up Data Input Check for Missing Items Paste Groups of Levels Quickly Use the Multiplier with Leakages Use Dummy Wind Data Use Temperature Schedule |
| 329 | CONTAM Examples |
| 340 | Nomenclature References |
| 344 | CHAPTER 15 Basics of Atrium Smoke Control Design Scenarios |
| 345 | Design Approaches |
| 346 | Natural Smoke Filling Steady Mechanical Smoke Exhaust Unsteady Mechanical Smoke Exhaust Steady Natural Venting Unsteady Natural Venting Methods of Analysis Algebraic Equations |
| 347 | Zone Fire Modeling CFD Modeling Scale Modeling |
| 348 | Atrium Temperature Minimum Smoke Layer Depth Makeup Air |
| 349 | Wind Plugholing |
| 350 | Control and Operation Stratification Smoke Filling Equations |
| 352 | Steady Filling |
| 353 | Unsteady Filling Irregular Geometry Slightly Irregular Ceilings |
| 354 | Sensitivity Analysis Natural Venting Equation |
| 356 | Airflow Equations |
| 358 | Time Lag Steady Fires |
| 359 | T-Squared Fires |
| 360 | SMOKE LAYER WITH SPRINKLER ACTION Nomenclature References |
| 362 | CHAPTER 16 Equations for Steady Atrium Smoke Exhaust Smoke Production Axisymmetric Plume |
| 365 | Simplified Axisymmetric Plume |
| 366 | Plume Diameter Wall and Corner Plumes |
| 367 | Balcony Spill Plume |
| 369 | Window Plume |
| 370 | Average Plume Temperature Smoke Layer Temperature |
| 371 | Plugholing |
| 372 | Volumetric Flow Rate Density of Smoke Case Study |
| 377 | Nomenclature |
| 378 | References |
| 381 | CHAPTER 17 Fire and Smoke Control in Transport Tunnels Fire Safety Issues in Tunnels |
| 382 | Fire Protection Matrix Fire Development in Tunnels |
| 384 | Backlayering Smoke Layer Speed and Depth Methods of Smoke Management |
| 385 | Visibility |
| 386 | Exits and Other Safety Facilities Road Tunnels Rail and Subway Tunnels Smoke Management Systems in Tunnels Natural Ventilation Systems |
| 387 | Mechanical Ventilation Systems |
| 394 | On-Site Evaluation of Ventilation Systems Performance |
| 395 | Design Fire |
| 396 | Design Fire Scenarios |
| 397 | Numerical Modeling One-Dimensional Models (1D) Zone Models (2D Models) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (3D) |
| 398 | Detection |
| 399 | Performance Criteria Available Detection Technologies Nomenclature |
| 400 | References |
| 403 | CHAPTER 18 Zone Fire Modeling Zone Model Concept |
| 404 | Sprinkler Actuation Model Evaluation Algebraic Equation Approach |
| 406 | Plume Flow Differential Equation Approach |
| 408 | CFAST |
| 409 | Example Input File |
| 410 | Menus Fires |
| 414 | Examples |
| 415 | Nomenclature References |
| 417 | CHAPTER 19 Tenability Analysis and CONTAM Near Fire Limitation The Two Field Approach |
| 418 | Zone Fire Modeling of the Near Field |
| 420 | Adapting Zone Fire Model Results Modeling with CONTAM |
| 421 | Two-Way Flow Paths Contaminant Generation and Flow |
| 422 | Tenability Calculations |
| 424 | Use of CONTAM CONTAM Input |
| 427 | Examining Results |
| 429 | Tenability Examples |
| 431 | Tenability Examples |
| 432 | Nomenclature References |
| 435 | CHAPTER 20 Computational Fluid Dynamics Tenability Analysis CFD Concept |
| 436 | Example Applications Boundary Conditions Realism |
| 437 | Model Evaluation Governing Equations |
| 438 | Turbulence Modeling Fire Modeling |
| 439 | Fuel Mixtures Modeling the Space |
| 440 | Nonrectangular Geometry Visualization |
| 441 | Modeling Technique |
| 442 | Atrium Smoke Control |
| 443 | Natural Venting Stairwell Ventilation Systems |
| 445 | Nomenclature |
| 446 | References |
| 447 | CHAPTER 21 Scale Modeling Dimensionless Groups |
| 449 | Similitude Froude Modeling |
| 450 | Reynolds Number |
| 451 | Heat Transfer Construction of Model Instrumentation Example |
| 452 | Nomenclature |
| 453 | References |
| 455 | CHAPTER 22 Full-Scale Fire Testing Research and Testing |
| 456 | Documentation Project Plan Safety Plan Final Report Test Facility |
| 457 | Fire Test Setup |
| 459 | Fire Hardening Video Fires and Fuels |
| 460 | Instrumentation |
| 461 | Instrument Wiring Prefire Check |
| 462 | Temperature |
| 465 | Heat Flux Pressure Difference |
| 468 | Velocity Gas Concentration |
| 470 | Smoke Obscuration Load Cells and Load Platforms NONFire Measurements |
| 471 | Pressure Difference |
| 472 | Velocity Volumetric Flow |
| 473 | Data Reduction and Analysis |
| 474 | Data Smoothing |
| 476 | Nomenclature References |
| 479 | CHAPTER 23 Commissioning and Special Inspections Commissioning Processes Roles and Responsibilities |
| 480 | Recommended Documentation Special Inspection Phases Installation and Component Verification |
| 481 | Inspection and Equipment Functional Testing |
| 484 | Sequence of Operations Testing |
| 485 | System Performance Testing |
| 487 | Measuring Performance Door-Opening Forces Automatic Sensors Chemical Smoke |
| 488 | Zoned Smoke Control Atrium Demonstration Testing |
| 490 | Other Uses of Smoke Bombs References |
| 491 | CHAPTER 24 Periodic Testing Factors Impacting Testing Architectural Changes |
| 492 | Equipment Maintenance Sensors and Instrumentation Environmental Factors |
| 493 | Recommended Testing Manual Testing |
| 495 | Automatic Testing |
| 499 | Roles and Responsibilities Manual Testing Automatic Testing References |
| 501 | Appendix A 1.0 Fundamental Equations of Engineering 1.1 Hydrostatic Pressure 1.2 Orifice Equation 1.3 Ideal Gas Law |
| 502 | 2.0 Bidirectional Flow 2.1 Pressure Differences 2.2 Continuous Opening |
| 503 | 2.3 Two Openings 3.0 Effective Flow Areas |
| 504 | 3.1 Parallel Paths 3.2 Series Paths Different Temperatures and Coefficients 4. Pressurized Stairwells 4.1 Pressures and Flows for an Idealized Building |
| 506 | 4.2 Average Pressure Difference for an Idealized Building 4.3 Height Limit for an Idealized Building 5. Door-Opening Forces |
| 507 | 6. Average Plume Temperature |
| 508 | 7. Scale Modeling Relations |
| 509 | 8. Plugholing: Separation Distance |
| 511 | INDEX |
