ASHRAE Standard 103 2022

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ASHRAE Standard 103-2022 — Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers (ANSI Approved)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2022	104

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Description

ASHRAE Standard 103 is an industry standard specifying the method of testing for determining the annual fuel utilization efficiency of residential and light commercial furnaces and boilers. The 2022 revision of Standard 103 includes updated references.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2022
3	CONTENTS
4	1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard includes 2.2 This standard applies to central furnaces with inputs less than 225,000 Btu/h (65.92 kW) and boilers with inputs less than 300,000 Btu/h (87.90 kW), having gas, oil, or electric input, and intended for use in residential applications. This standa… 2.3 The procedures are intended to be used to compare energy consumption measures of various furnace and boiler models. They are not intended to provide an absolute measure of performance in any specific installation configuration, as the effects of … 3. DEFINITIONS
7	4. CLASSIFICATIONS 4.1 Product
8	4.2 Heating Medium 4.3 Circulation 4.4 Energy Source 4.5 Burner Type 4.6 Ignition 4.7 Draft Equipment 4.8 off-Cycle Devices 4.9 Installation
9	4.10 Flue Gas 4.11 Control 5. REQUIREMENTS 6. INSTRUMENTS 6.1 General. All instruments shall be in working order and calibrated periodically. Records of periodic calibration shall be kept and shall contain, at a minimum, the date of calibration, method of calibration, and reference standard used. 6.2 Temperature 6.3 Pressure. Instruments for measuring gas, oil, air, water, and steam pressure shall be calibrated so that the error is no greater than the following: 6.4 Draft. Draft gages shall have an accuracy of ±0.005 in. of water (1.25 Pa). Minimum divisions on the draft gage shall be 0.005 in. of water (1.25 Pa). 6.5 Combustion Products. Stack and flue carbon dioxide (CO2) shall be determined with an instrument providing a reading with an error no greater than ±0.1 percentage points. 6.6 Weight or Volume. The error associated with the measuring instruments shall not exceed ±0.5% of the quantity measured. 6.7 Time. The error associated with timing instruments shall not exceed ±0.5 seconds/h. 6.8 Smoke. Smoke measuring instruments shall comply with requirements for smoke meters as outlined in ASTM D21561. 6.9 Tracer Gas Mass Flow Rate. The instruments used to measure the tracer gas mass flow rate shall have an accuracy of ±2% of the value of the concentration measured. 6.10 Energy Flow Rate 6.11 Higher Heating Value
10	7. APPARATUS 7.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be installed in the test room in accordance with their manufacturers’ instructions unless required otherwise by a specific method of test. The apparatus described below is used in conjunction with the furnace… 7.2 Furnaces
11	7.3 Gas and Oil-Fired and Electric Low-Pressure Steam and Hot-Water Boilers
12	7.4 Units with Integral Dampers. Dampers supplied with the furnace or boiler, which are in the burner inlet or in the flue passages and which are opened by fan power and closed by gravity or spring power, shall be installed in the location and manner… 7.5 Direct Vent Systems, Insulation Requirements. For direct vent systems that are not designed to significantly preheat the incoming air, only the first 18 in. (0.46 m) of vent pipe downstream of the furnace outlet shall be insulated with a layer of… 7.6 Thermocouple Grids. Thermocouple grids shall be constructed of either 5, 9, or 17 thermocouples of the type described in Section 6.2.2 and shown in Figure 10. The grid shall be in a test plane perpendicular to the axis of the test vent pipe. The … 7.7 Electrical Measurement See Figure 11. 7.8 Condensate Collection. Condensate drain lines shall be attached to the unit as specified in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. A continuous downward slope of drain lines from the unit shall be maintained. Additional precautions shall… 8. METHODS OF TESTING 8.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be equipped with the apparatus described in Section 7, and the instrumentation described in Section 6 shall be set up for recording data. Refer to Figures 1 through 11 when equipping the furnaces and boilers wi… 8.2 Furnaces
21	8.3 Boilers
22	8.4 Test Requirements or Conditions
24	8.5 Room Ambient Air Conditions 8.6 Jacket Loss Measurement. For units intended to be installed outdoors or in an unheated space (including isolated combustion systems), the jacket loss shall be determined by one of the following: (a) assigned the value of 1% or (b) a jacket loss t…
26	8.7 Direct Vent Systems 8.8 Methods for Determining Draft Factors DP, DF, and DS
28	9. TEST PROCEDURE 9.1 Steady-State Test, All Gas and Oil-Fired Units (except Electric). For units with two-stage or step modulating controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs.
30	9.2 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers, Measurement of Condensate under Steady-State Conditions. For units with step modulating or two-stage controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs. Begin a steady-state condensate co…
31	9.3 Electric Forced-Air Central Furnaces. Operate the furnace with the air quantity specified in Section 8.4.2.4 until the steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 5°F (2.8°C) in the outlet air te… 9.4 Electric Boilers. Operate the boiler until steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 4°F (2.2°C) in the outlet water temperature in three successive readings taken 15 minutes apart. Take three … 9.5 Flue Temperature Measurements Cool-Down Test
32	9.6 Flue Gas Temperature Measurements—Heat-up Test
33	9.7 Optional Tracer Gas Test Procedures for Determining Draft Factors DP, DF, and DS for Systems Equipped with Power Burners or Direct Vent and not Equipped with Stack Dampers
35	9.8 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers—Measurement of Condensate Heat Loss under Cyclic Conditions. For units with modulating controls, the following applies: (a) for step modulating units, the test is conducted at reduced input rate only; (b) for two… 9.9 Furnaces and Boilers Equipped with Stack Dampers
36	9.10 Optional Test Procedures for Condensing Furnaces and Boilers that Have no off- Period Flue Losses. For units having no measurable airflow through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger during the burner off-period, and having post-purge perio… 10. NOMENCLATURE
40	11. CALCULATIONS OF DERIVED RESULTS FROM TEST MEASUREMENTS 11.1 Heating Seasonal Efficiency and AFUE for Electric Furnaces and Boilers. The heating seasonal efficiency for various types of electric furnaces and boilers (EffyHS-E) is determined as follows: 11.2 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing and Nonmodulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency (EffySS and Effy…
56	11.3 Steady-State Efficiency, Heating Seasonal Efficiency, and Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency for Condensing Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Follow the calculation procedure specified in Section 11.2 with the modifications listed below.
59	11.4 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency (EffySS and EffyHS, res…
67	11.5 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Condensing, Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces or Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiencies (EffySS and EffyHS, resp…
70	11.6 Optional Tracer Gas Procedure for Determination of DP for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent
72	11.7 Optional Procedure for Determining off-Cycle Draft Factors for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent 11.8 Procedure for Determining off-Cycle Loss Factor and off-Cycle Draft Factor for Atmospheric Furnaces or Boilers with Integral Draft Diverter or Draft Hood and Equipped with an Electromechanical Flue Damper or an Electromechanical Inlet Damper tha…
73	12. REFERENCES
74	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A: REDUCING CALCULATION TIME IN SECTION 11
75	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B: OIL/GAS/ELECTRIC FORMULAS FOR ENERGY FACTOR
76	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C: CALCULATION OF FURNACE AND BOILER COMPARATIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL COST C1. National Average Number of Burner Operating Hours
78	C2. Average Annual Fuel Energy for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces or Boilers
79	C3. Average Annual Auxiliary Electrical Energy Consumption for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces or Boilers C4. Average Annual Electric Energy Consumption for Electric Furnaces or Boilers
80	C5. Average Annual Fuel Energy Consumption for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers Located in Different Geographic Regions of the United States and in Buildings with Different Design Heating Requirements C6. Average Annual Auxiliary Electrical Energy Consumption for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers Located in Different Geographic Regions of the United States and in Buildings with Different Design Heating Requirements C7. Average Annual Electric Energy Consumption for Electric Furnaces and Boilers Located in Different Geographic Regions of the United States and in Buildings with Different Design Heating Requirements
82	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D: GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING OFF-CYCLE MASS FLOW USING THE TRACER GAS METHOD D1. INTRODUCING THE TRACER GAS
83	D2. SAMPLING THE DILUTED TRACER GAS D3. CALCULATING MASS FLOW RATES FOR DETERMINING DP, DF, OR DS
84	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E: PLOTTED VALUES AND GRAPHS
100	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F: DETERMINATION OF BOILER PERFORMANCE FOR LOW WATER TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
101	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX G: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Additional information

Standard Title	ASHRAE Standard 103-2022 — Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers (ANSI Approved)
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2022
Pages Count	104

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