Standard 23.1 prescribes methods for performance testing positive displacement refrigerant compressors and condensing units that operate at subcritical pressures of the refrigerant.The 2019 edition of Standard 23.1 expands the scope to cover multistage compressors (in addition to single-stage compressors) and intermediate cooling or refrigerant injection (in addition to liquid injection). Descriptions, equations, and figures have also been revised to clarify steps required to apply this standard.

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1	ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 23.1-2019
3	CONTENTS
4	FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard applies to methods for performance testing single-stage and multistage positive displacement refrigerant compressors and condensing units that operate at discharge pressures less than the critical pressure of the refrigerant. 2.2 This standard applies to compressors and condensing units that either (a) do not have intermediate cooling or refrigerant injection or (b) do have intermediate cooling or refrigerant injection, and the power required for intermediate cooling or r… 3. DEFINITIONS
5	4. CLASSIFICATIONS 4.1 Compressor Types. Positive-displacement compressors that are within the scope of this standard are classified as one of the following types. 4.2 Condensing Unit Types. Positive-displacement condensing units that are within the scope of this standard are classified as one of the following types: 4.3 Calorimeter Types. Calorimeters that are within the scope of this standard are classified as one of two types: 4.4 Flowmeter Types. Flowmeters that are within the scope of this standard are classified as one of two types: 5. REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Test Plan. A test plan shall specify the test points and the calculations to be performed. The test plan shall be one of the following: 5.2 Primary and Confirming Refrigerant Mass Flow Rate Measurements. Each test data point shall consist of a primary test and a simultaneous, independent confirming test at a specified set of operating conditions. To be independent,
6	Table 5-1 Alternative Test Methods for Measuring Refrigerant Mass Flow Rates 5.3 Intermediate Cooling and Liquid Injection. If intermediate cooling or liquid injection is included in the unit under test (UUT), then the following apply: 5.4 Input Power. In the primary test method, the total input power in watts (horsepower) to the UUT shall be measured at each test point in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 41.11 3. 5.5 Measurement Uncertainty. The uncertainty in each refrigerant mass flow rate measurement and power input measurement shall be estimated at each test point using the methods prescribed in ASHRAE Standard 41.9 1 or ASHRAE Standard 41.10 2 at 95% pro… 5.6 Refrigerant Data. The primary source of refrigerant properties shall be NIST Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures Database (REFPROP) 4. Refrigerant properties for refrigerants that are not included in REFPROP shall be… 5.7 Refrigerant Numbers. The ASHRAE refrigerant number A-1 for the refrigerant used during these tests shall be stated in the test report. 5.8 Calculations
9	6. INSTRUMENTS 6.1 Instruments and data acquisition systems shall be selected to meet the measurement system accuracy specified in the test plan. 6.2 Measurements from the instruments shall be traceable to primary or secondary standards calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or to the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) if a National Metrology Inst… 6.3 Instruments shall be installed and applied in accordance with the following: 6.4 Flowmeter Installation and Accuracy. If ASHRAE Standard 41.10 is a selected primary or secondary test method, the flowmeter measurement system accuracy shall be within ±1.0% of the quantity measured unless otherwise specified in the test plan in… 6.5 Input Power Measurement Accuracy. Input power measurement system accuracy shall be within ±1.0% of the quantity measured unless otherwise specified in the test plan in Section 5.1.
10	7. COMPRESSOR TEST REPORT 7.1 Test Identification 7.2 Unit Under Test Description 7.3 Primary Method Equipment Description 7.4 Confirming Method Equipment Description 7.5 Test Conditions and Limits 7.6 Measured Compressor Test Results
11	7.7 Calculated Compressor Test Results 8. CONDENSING UNIT OPERATING CONDITIONS 8.1 Liquid-Cooled Condensing Units 8.2 Air-Cooled Condensing Units 8.3 Evaporatively Cooled Condensing Units 9. CONDENSING UNIT TEST REPORT 9.1 Test Identification 9.2 Unit Under Test Description 9.3 Primary Method Equipment Description 9.4 Confirming Method Equipment Description 9.5 Test Conditions and Limits
12	9.6 Measured Condensing Unit Test Results 9.7 Calculated Compressor Test Results 10. REFERENCES
13	Figure 1 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for a two-stage compressor with intermediate cooling. Figure 2 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for compressors in series with intermediate cooling.
14	Figure 3 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for a single-stage compressor. Figure 4 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for a two-stage compressor with vapor injection using a flash-tank economizer. Figure 5 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for a two-stage compressor with vapor injection using a heat- exchanger economizer and liquid refrigerant that is extracted upstream of the economizer.
15	Figure 6 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for a two-stage compressor with vapor injection using a heat- exchanger economizer and liquid refrigerant that is extracted downstream of the economizer. Figure 7 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for compressors connected in series with vapor injection using a flash-tank economizer. Figure 8 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for compressors connected in series with vapor injection using a heat-exchanger economizer and liquid refrigerant that is extracted upstream of the economizer.
16	Figure 9 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for compressors connected in series with vapor injection using a heat-exchanger economizer and liquid refrigerant that is extracted downstream of the economizer. Figure 10 Temperature sensor locations.
17	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY
18	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B: THERMODYAMIC STATE POINTS B1. Thermodynamic State Points
20	Figure B-1 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for a single-stage compressor. Figure B-2 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for two compressors in series with a flash-tank economizer. Figure B-3 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for two compressors connected in series with a heat-exchanger economizer.
21	Figure B-4 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for one compressor with vapor injection and a heat-exchanger economizer. Figure B-5 Cycle schematic and pressure-enthalpy diagram for one compressor with vapor injection and a flash-tank economizer.

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2019	24


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Standard Title	ASHRAE Standard 23.1-2019 – Methods for Performance Testing Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors and Condensing Units that Operate at Subcritical Pressures of the Refrigerant
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2019
Pages Count	24

ASHRAE Standard 23.1 2019

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