ASHRAE Standard 62.1 2019

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ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2019 — Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (ANSI Approved)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2019	92

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Description

First published in 1973as Standard 62, Standard 62.1 specifies minimum ventilation rates and othermeasures for new and existing buildings that are intended to provide indoor airquality that is acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse healtheffects. The revised 2019 edition of the standardincludes significant changes, including: New informative tables of ventilation rates per unit areafor checking new and existing buildings ventilation calculations Simplified version of the Ventilation Rate Procedureimproving calculations for system ventilation efficiency and zone airdistribution effectiveness Modified Natural Ventilation Procedure calculationmethodology Revised scope to specifically identify occupanciespreviously not covered

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1	ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2019
3	CONTENTS
4	FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE 1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality (IAQ) that is acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse health effects. 1.2 This standard is intended for regulatory application to new buildings, additions to existing buildings, and those changes to existing buildings that are identified in the body of the standard. 1.3 This standard is intended to be used to guide the improvement of IAQ in existing buildings.
5	2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard applies to spaces intended for human occupancy within buildings except those within dwelling units in residential occupancies in which occupants are nontransient. 2.2 This standard defines requirements for ventilation and air-cleaning system design, installation, commissioning, and operation and maintenance. 2.3 In addition to ventilation, this standard contains requirements related to certain contaminants and contaminant sources, including outdoor air, construction processes, moisture, and biological growth. 2.4 This standard does not prescribe specific ventilation rate requirements for the following: 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Terminology (See Figure 3-1)
8	4. OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY 4.1 Regional Air Quality. The status of compliance with national ambient air quality standards shall be determined for the geographic area of the building site. 4.2 Local Air Quality. An observational survey of the building site and its immediate surroundings shall be conducted during hours the building is expected to be normally occupied to identify local contaminants from surrounding facilities that will b… 4.3 Documentation. Documentation of the outdoor air quality investigation shall be reviewed with building owners or their representative and shall include the following as a minimum:
9	5. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 5.1 Ventilation Air Distribution. Ventilating systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of the following subsections. 5.2 Exhaust Duct Location 5.3 Ventilation System Controls. Mechanical ventilation systems shall include controls in accordance with the following subsections. 5.4 Airstream Surfaces. All airstream surfaces in equipment and ducts in the HVAC system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the following subsections.
10	5.5 Outdoor Air Intakes. Ventilation system outdoor air intakes shall be designed in accordance with the following subsections.
11	5.6 Local Capture of Contaminants. The discharge from noncombustion equipment that captures the contaminants generated by the equipment shall be ducted directly to the outdoors. 5.7 Ozone Generating Devices. The use of ozone generating devices shall comply with the following sections.
12	5.8 Combustion Air. Fuel-burning appliances, both vented and unvented, shall be provided with air for combustion and removal of combustion products in accordance with manufacturer instructions. Products of combustion from vented appliances shall be v… 5.9 Particulate Matter Removal. Particulate matter filters or air cleaners having either 5.10 Maximum Indoor Air Dew Point in Mechanically Cooled Buildings. Buildings or spaces equipped with or served by mechanical cooling equipment shall be provided with dehumidification components and controls that limit the indoor humidity to a maximu… 5.11 Building Exfiltration. Ventilation systems for a building equipped with or served by mechanical cooling equipment shall be designed such that the total building outdoor air intake equals or exceeds the total building exhaust under all load and d…
13	5.12 Drain Pans. Drain pans, including their outlets and seals, shall be designed and constructed in accordance with this section. 5.13 Finned-Tube Coils and Heat Exchangers 5.14 Humidifiers and Water Spray Systems. Steam and direct-evaporative humidifiers, air washers, direct-evaporative coolers, and other water spray systems shall be designed in accordance with this section. 5.15 Access for Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance
14	5.16 Building Envelope and Interior Surfaces. The building envelope and interior surfaces within the building envelope shall be designed in accordance with the following subsections. 5.17 Buildings with Attached Parking Garages. In order to limit the entry of vehicular exhaust into occupiable spaces, buildings with attached parking garages shall be designed to 5.18 Air Classification and Recirculation. Air shall be classified, and its recirculation shall be limited in accordance with the following subsections.
16	5.19 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areas and ETS-Free Areas. The requirements of this section must be met when a building contains both ETS areas and ETS- free areas. Such buildings shall be constructed and operated in accordance with Sec…
17	6. PROCEDURES 6.1 General. The Ventilation Rate Procedure, the IAQ Procedure, the Natural Ventilation Procedure, or a combination thereof shall be used to meet the requirements of this section. In addition, the requirements for exhaust ventilation in Section 6.5 s…
18	6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure. The outdoor air intake flow (Vot) for a ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.1.4 and Sections 6.2.1 through 6.2.6.
28	6.3 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Procedure. Breathing zone outdoor airflow (Vbz) shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.5.
29	6.4 Natural Ventilation Procedure. Natural ventilation systems shall comply with the requirements of either Section 6.4.1 or 6.4.2. Designers shall provide interior air barriers, insulation, or other means that separate naturally ventilated spaces fr…
31	6.5 Exhaust Ventilation. The Prescriptive Compliance Path or the Performance Compliance Path shall be used to meet the requirements of this section. Exhaust makeup air shall be permitted to be any combination of outdoor air, recirculated air, or tran…
32	6.6 Design Documentation Procedures. Design criteria and assumptions shall be documented and made available for operation of the system after installation. See Sections 4.3, 5.1.3, 5.18.4, 6.2.6.1.5, 6.3.6, and 6.4.4 regarding assumptions to be detai… 7. CONSTRUCTION AND SYSTEM START-UP 7.1 Construction Phase
33	7.2 System Start-Up 8. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 8.1 General 8.2 O&M Manual. An O&M manual, either written or electronic, shall be developed and maintained on site or in a centrally accessible location for the working life of the applicable ventilation system equipment or components. This manual shall be updat…
35	8.3 Ventilation System Operation. Mechanical and natural ventilation systems shall be operated in a manner consistent with the O&M manual. Systems shall be operated such that spaces are ventilated in accordance with Section 6 during periods of expect… 8.4 Ventilation System Maintenance. The building ventilation system components shall be maintained in accordance with the O&M manual.
36	9. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
38	NORMATIVE APPENDIX A: MULTIPLE-ZONE SYSTEM VENTILATION EFFICIENCY: ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE A1. System Ventilation Efficiency A1.1 Average Outdoor Air Fraction . The average outdoor air fraction (Xs) for the ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Equation A-1. A1.2 Zone Ventilation Efficiency. The zone ventilation efficiency (Evz) shall be determined in accordance with Section A1.2.1 or A1.2.2.
39	A1.3 System Ventilation Efficiency. The system ventilation efficiency shall equal the lowest zone ventilation efficiency among all ventilation zones served by the air handler in accordance with Equation A-9. A2. Design Process
40	A2.1 Selecting Zones for Calculation. Zone ventilation efficiency (Evz) shall be calculated for all ventilation zones. A3. Symbols
42	NORMATIVE APPENDIX B: SEPARATION OF EXHAUST OUTLETS AND OUTDOOR AIR INTAKES B1. General B1.1 Application. Laboratory fume hood exhaust air outlets shall be in compliance with NFPA 45 and ANSI/AIHA Z9.5. Nonlaboratory exhaust outlets and outdoor air intakes or other openings shall be separated in accordance with the following. B1.2 Outdoor Air Intakes. The minimum separation distance between exhaust air/vent outlets, as defined in Table 5-1, and outdoor air intakes to mechanical ventilation systems, or to operable windows, skylights, and doors that are required as part of … B1.3 Other Building Openings. The minimum separation distance between building exhaust air/vent outlets, as defined in Table 5-1, and operable openings to occupiable spaces shall be half of the distance (L) determined in accordance with Section B2. T… B1.4 Additional Limitations for Noxious or Dangerous Air. The minimum separation distance between exhausts located less than 65 ft (20 m) vertically below outdoor air intakes or operable windows and doors shall be equal to a horizontal separation onl… B1.5 Equipment Wells. Exhaust air outlets that terminate in an equipment well that also encloses an outdoor air intake shall meet the separation requirements of this section and, in addition, shall either B1.6 Property Lines. The minimum separation distance between exhaust air/vent outlets and property lines shall be half of the distance (L) determined in accordance with Section B2. B2. Determining Distance L B2.1 Simple Method. A value of L in Table B-1 shall be used. B2.2 Velocity Method. The value of L shall be determined using Equation B-1a (I-P) or B-1b (SI).
43	B2.3 Concentration Method. Determine the acceptable concentration for health (Chealth) and odor (Codor) for each emitted chemical, compound, or mixture.
45	NORMATIVE APPENDIX C: ZONE AIR DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVENESS: ALTERNATE PROCEDURES C1. Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness C1.1 Personalized Ventilation Systems. For the purpose of calculating zone air distribution effectiveness for personalized ventilation systems, the breathing zone shall be 9 ft2 (0.8 m2) centered on each occupant with a height of 4.5 ft (1.4 m) from … C2. Modeled Air Distribution System C2.1 Computational Model. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for calculating zone air distribution effectiveness shall be in accordance with the following subsections.
46	C2.2 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness. Zone air distribution effectiveness (Ez) shall be computed in accordance with Equation C-1 for each computational cell in the breathing zone. The zone air distribution effectiveness (Ez) of the system shall b…
47	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D: INFORMATION ON SELECTED NATIONAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR PM10, PM2.5, AND OZONE
49	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E: ACCEPTABLE MASS BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR USE WITH THE IAQ PROCEDURE
51	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F: SIMPLIFIED VENTILATION RATE CALCULATION FOR MULTIPLE-ZONE RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS SERVING ONLY SPECIFIED OCCUPANCY CATEGORIES IN EXISTING BUILDINGS F1. Use of this Appendix F2. Outdoor Air Intake F3. Zone Minimum Primary Airflow
53	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX G: APPLICATION G1. Application G1.1 New Buildings. All sections and normative appendices should apply to new buildings falling within the scope of this standard. G1.2 Existing Buildings. The standard should be applied to existing buildings at least in the circumstances described in the following subsections.
55	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX H: DOCUMENTATION H1. Outdoor Air Quality H2. Building Ventilation Design Criteria H3. Ventilation Rate Procedure H4. IAQ Procedure
58	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX I: RATE RATIONALE
66	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX J: INFORMATION ON NATURAL VENTILATION J1. Outdoor Air Quality Data J2. Natural Ventilation Rate
67	J3. Prescriptive Path A Calculations J3.1 Ventilation Intensity. Spaces have been defined by a ventilation intensity, which represents the amount of flow rate needed per Equation 6-1, divided by the floor area of the space. Its units are (L/s)/m2 of floor area or cfm/ft2 of floor area. J3.2 Single Openings. The flow through a single sharp opening due to bidirectional buoyancy-driven flow (Vbd_sharp) (see Etheridge and Sandberg [1996] in Informative Appendix M) is expressed as follows:
68	J3.3 Vertically Spaced Openings. The flow rate Vvs through vertically spaced openings of areas As (the smallest sum of opening areas, either upper openings or lower openings) and Al (the largest sum of opening areas, either upper openings or lower op… J4. Control and Accessibility (Mixed-Mode Ventilation)
69	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX K: COMPLIANCE K1. Section 4 K2. Section 5
70	K3. Section 6 VRP K3.1 Filtration K3.2 Ventilation Rates. Check compliance with the outdoor air ventilation rate at the intake (Vot) using the following process. K4. Section 6 IAQP
71	K5. Section 6 NATURAL VENTILATION PROCEDURE K6. Section 6 Exhaust
72	K7. Ventilation for Existing Buildings K7.1 Filtration. Filtration shall comply with Sections K7.1.1 and K7.1.2. K7.2 Outdoor Airflow. The following process may be used to determine if outdoor airflow rates comply with the standard. Occupied areas may be determined by measurement, dimensioned floor plans, or from building manager’s data. K7.3 Controls. Confirm that ventilation system controls comply with requirements of Section 5.3.
73	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX L: VENTILATION RATE CHECK TABLE
77	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX M: INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
78	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX N: INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROCEDURE (IAQP) N1. SUMMARY OF SELECTED AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES N2. GUIDELINE FOR EMISSION RATES N3. SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION
79	N4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
83	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX O: ADDENDA DESCRIPTION INFORMATION

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Standard Title	ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2019 — Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (ANSI Approved)
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2019
Pages Count	92

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