ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2022

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ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2022 (I-P Edition) — Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ANSI Approved; IES Co-sponsored)

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ASHRAE	2022

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Description

Standard 90.1 has been a benchmark for commercial building energy codes in the United States, and a key basis for codes and standards around the world, for almost half a century. This standard provides the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of most sites and buildings, except low-rise residential buildings. It offers, in detail, the minimum energy efficiency requirements for design and construction of new sites and buildings and their systems, new portions of buildings and their systems, and new systems and equipment in existing buildings, as well as criteria for determining compliance with these requirements. It is an indispensable reference for engineers and other professionals involved in design of buildings, sites, and building systems. The 2022 edition of Standard 90.1 incorporates over 80 addenda to the 2019 edition. Major additions appearing for the first time in a minimum-efficiency U.S. model energy standard or code at the national level include: A minimum prescriptive requirement for on-site renewable energy An optional Mechanical System Performance Path allowing HVAC system efficiency tradeoffs based on the new total system performance ratio (TSPR) metric New requirements to address the impacts of thermal bridging Other highlights include: An expanded scope to include sites as well as buildings New energy credit requirements for a customized approach to improving energy efficiency New informative guidance for using carbon emissions, site energy, or source energy as alternative performance metrics to the current energy cost metric Significant efficiency increases in IEER for commercial rooftops and a new SEER2/HSPF2 metric for <65K sized air-cooled heat pumps.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2022 (I-P)
3	Contents
4	Foreword
5	1. Purpose 1.1 To establish the minimum energy efficiency requirements of buildings other than low-rise residential buildings, and sites for 2. Scope 2.1 This standard provides
6	2.2 The provisions of this standard do not apply to 2.3 Where specifically noted in this standard, certain other buildings or elements of buildings or sites shall be exempt. 2.4 This standard shall not be used to circumvent any safety, health, or environmental requirements. 3. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 3.1 General. Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are defined in this section for the purposes of this standard. When the tense or plurality of the term is different than the defined term, the definition still applies. These definitions are app… 3.2 Definitions
34	3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms
38	4. Administration and Enforcement 4.1 General 4.2 Compliance
44	5. Building Envelope 5.1 General
45	5.2 Compliance Paths. The building envelope shall comply with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
46	5.3 Simplified Building Compliance Path (Not Used) 5.4 Mandatory Provisions
48	5.5 Prescriptive Building Envelope Compliance Path
67	5.6 Building Envelope Trade-Off Compliance Path 5.7 Submittals
68	5.8 Product Information and Installation Requirements
70	5.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning
73	6. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 6.1 General
74	6.2 Compliance Paths. Mechanical equipment and systems providing heating, cooling, ventilating, or refrigeration shall comply with Sections 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. 6.3 Simplified Approach Building Compliance Path for HVAC Systems
75	6.4 Mandatory Provisions
86	6.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path
106	6.6 Alternative Compliance Path
107	6.7 Submittals
108	6.8 Minimum Equipment Efficiency Tables
109	6.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning
139	7. Service Water Heating 7.1 General 7.2 Compliance Paths. Service water heating systems and equipment shall comply with Sections 7.2.1 and 7.2.2. 7.3 Simplified Building Compliance Path (Not Used) 7.4 Mandatory Provisions
144	7.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path 7.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used) 7.7 Submittals
145	7.8 Product Information 7.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning
146	8. Power 8.1 General 8.2 Compliance Paths. Power distribution systems and equipment shall comply with Sections 8.2.1 and 8.2.2. 8.3 Simplified Building Compliance Path (Not Used) 8.4 Mandatory Provisions
148	8.5 Prescriptive Path (Not Used) 8.6 Alternative Compliance Path 8.7 Submittals
149	8.8 Product Information (Not Used) 8.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning
150	9. Lighting 9.1 General
151	9.2 Compliance Paths. Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with Section 9.2.1.
152	9.3 Simplified Building Method Compliance Path. The Simplified Building Method contains the requirements for interior lighting in Section 9.3.1 and exterior lighting in Section 9.3.2 and shall be allowed to be used where at least 80% of the floor are… 9.4 Mandatory Provisions
161	9.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path. Interior lighting power shall comply with either Section 9.5.1 or 9.5.2. Lighting control requirements shall comply with Section 9.4.1 and Tables 9.5.2.1-1 and 9.5.2.1-2.
164	9.6 Alternate Compliance Path (Reserved) 9.7 Submittals 9.8 Product Information (Not Used) 9.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning
174	10. Other Equipment 10.1 General 10.2 Compliance Paths. Other equipment shall comply with Sections 10.2.1 and 10.2.2. 10.3 Simplified Building Compliance Path (Not Used) 10.4 Mandatory Provisions
178	10.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path 10.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used) 10.7 Submittals 10.8 Product Information 10.9 Verification, Testing, Commissioning, and Documentation
183	11. Additional Efficiency Requirements 11.1 General
184	11.2 Compliance Paths. New buildings, additions, substantial alterations as described in Section 11.1.4.1, and initial build-out construction as described in Section 11.1.4.2, shall comply with Section 11.2.1 and 11.2.2. 11.3 Simplified Building Compliance Path (Not used) 11.4 Mandatory Provisions (Not used) 11.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path. Projects described in Section 11.1.1 shall achieve the total energy credits required in Section 11.5.1. Energy credits achieved by measures included in the building are determined in Section 11.5.2.
200	11.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not used) 11.7 Submittals 11.8 Product Information (Not used) 11.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning. Building envelope components, equipment, controls, or systems installed to meet the requirements of Section 11.5 shall meet verification, testing, and commissioning requirements as specified in Sections …
210	12. Energy Cost Budget Method 12.1 General 12.2 Compliance. The proposed building design shall comply with all of the following:
211	12.3 Simplified Option (Not Used) 12.4 Simulation General Requirements
213	12.5 Calculation of Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget
216	12.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used) 12.7 Submittals 12.8 Product Information (Not Used)
225	13. Normative References
231	Normative Appendix A: Rated R-Value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations A1. General A1.1 Precalculated Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities. Precalculated U- factors, C-factors, F-factors, and heat capacities for typical building envelope assemblies shall be used for assemblies consistent with the specificati… A1.2 Applicant-Determined Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities. Testing, calculation, and modeling procedures in Section A9 shall be used to determine U-factors, C-factors, F-factors or heat capacities for assemblies that are … A1.3 Applicant-Determined Psi-Factors and Chi-Factors for Thermal Bridges. The applicant shall determine values for point thermal bridges and linear thermal bridges using the assumptions in Section A10. A2. Roofs A2.1 General. The buffering effect of suspended ceilings or attic spaces shall not be included in U-factor calculations. A2.2 Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck A2.3 Metal Building Roofs
232	A2.4 Attic Roofs with Wood Joists A2.5 Attic Roofs with Steel Joists
237	A3. Above-Grade Walls A3.1 Mass Wall A3.2 Metal Building Walls
238	A3.3 Steel-Framed Walls A3.4 Wood-Framed Walls
253	A4. Below-Grade Walls A4.1 General. For the purpose of Section A1.2, the base assembly is 8 in. medium-weight concrete block with a density of 115 lb/ft3 and solid grouted cores. Continuous insulation is installed on the interior or exterior. In contrast to the U-factor f… A4.2 C-Factors for Below-Grade Walls A5. Floors A5.1 General. The buffering effect of crawlspaces or parking garages shall not be included in U-factor calculations. See Section A6 for slab-on-grade floors. A5.2 Mass Floors A5.3 Steel-Joist Floors
254	A5.4 Wood-Framed and Other Floors A6. Slab-on-Grade Floors A6.1 General. For the purpose of Section A1.2, the base assembly is a slab-on-grade floor of 6 in. concrete poured directly on to the earth, the bottom of the slab is at grade line, and soil conductivity is 0.75 Btu/h·ft·°F. In contrast to the U-f… A6.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Slab-on-Grade Floors
255	A6.3 F-Factors for Slab-on-Grade Floors
261	A7. Opaque Doors A7.1 Unlabeled Opaque Doors. Unlabeled opaque doors shall be assigned the following U-factors: A8. Fenestration A8.1 Unlabeled Skylights. Unlabeled skylights shall be assigned the U-factors in Table A8.1-1 and are allowed to use the SHGCs and VTs in Table A8.1-2. The metal with thermal break frame category shall not be used unless all frame members have a ther… A8.2 Unlabeled Vertical Fenestration. Unlabeled vertical fenestration, both operable and fixed, shall be assigned the U-factors, SHGCs, and VTs in Table A8.2.
266	A9. Determination of Alternate Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities A9.1 General. Alternative assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors or heat capacities for opaque assemblies shall be determined in accordance with Section A9. The procedures required for each class of construction are specified in Section A9.2. Testi… A9.2 Required Procedures. Two- or three-dimensional finite difference and finite volume computer models shall be an acceptable alternative method to calculating the thermal performance values for all assemblies and constructions listed below. The fol… A9.3 Testing Procedures
267	A9.4 Calculation Procedures and Assumptions. The following procedures and assumptions shall be used for all calculations. R-values for air films, air spaces, insulation, and building materials shall be taken from Sections A9.4.1 through A9.4.4, respe…
276	A10. Thermal Bridging Chi Factors and Psi Factors A10.1 Determination of Psi-Factors and Chi-Factors. Psi-factor (ψ) and chi-factor (χ) values representative of an as-designed thermal bridging condition shall be determined in accordance with one of the following:
277	A10.2 Assembly U-Factor Adjustment for Simulation of Thermal Bridges. For the purpose of incorporating the effects of thermal bridges in simulations as required by Section 12 and Normative Appendix G, where a thermal bridge is not modeled as a separa…
284	Informative Appendix B: (Retained for Future Use)
285	Normative Appendix C: Methodology for Building Envelope Trade-Off Option in Section 5.6 C1. Minimum Information C1.1 At the Building Level. The floor area, broken down by space conditioning categories and building area type, shall be specified. Each building area type shall be chosen from Table 9.5.1. C1.2 At the Exterior and Semiexterior Surface Level. The building envelope assembly type, gross area, orientation, tilt, and associated space conditioning category and building area type shall be specified. The surface shall be designated as exterior… C1.3 For Opaque Doors. The class of construction, area, and U-factor shall be specified. Each opaque door shall be associated with a surface as described in Section C1.2 and shall have the orientation of that surface. C1.4 For Fenestration. The class of construction, area, assembly U-factor, assembly SHGC, VT, and PF shall be specified for fenestration. Each fenestration element shall be associated with a surface as defined in Section C1.2 and shall have the orien… C1.5 For Continuous Air Barriers. The method of compliance used for continuous air barriers, either whole-building pressurization testing or verification, shall be specified. C2. Output Requirements C2.1 Name and contact information of the entity executing the simulation, and date of report. C2.2 Location of the building, including street address and climate zone.
286	C2.3 Location corresponding to the weather data used to perform the simulation. C2.4 Simulation program used to perform the simulation. C2.5 Tables summarizing the minimum information described in Section C1. C2.6 All differences between the proposed envelope performance factor and the base envelope performance factor. C2.7 Peak heating and cooling loads for building classes of constructions. C2.8 The version of the software and the link to the website that contains the ASHRAE Standard 140 results for the version used in accordance with Section C3.1.4. C2.9 For thermal bridges, C3. Simulation General Requirements C3.1 Simulation Program. The simulation program shall be a computer-based software program for the analysis of energy consumption in buildings. The simulation program shall include calculation methodologies for the building components being modeled.
287	C3.2 Climatic Data. The simulation program shall perform the simulation using hourly values of climatic data, including temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed and direction from representative climatic data, for the proposed design bu… C3.3 Purchased Energy Rates. The following rates for purchased energy shall be used to determine the proposed envelope performance factor and the base envelope performance factor: C3.4 Compliance Calculations. The proposed envelope performance factor and base envelope performance factor shall be calculated using the same C3.5 Calculation of Proposed Envelope Performance Factor. The simulation model for calculating the proposed envelope performance factor shall be developed in accordance with Sections C3.5.1 through C3.5.11.
290	C3.6 Calculation of Base Envelope Performance Factor. The simulation model for calculating the base envelope performance factor shall modify the simulation model for calculating the proposed envelope performance factor as follows:
292	Informative Appendix D: (Retained for Future Use)
293	Informative Appendix E: Informative References
297	Informative Appendix F: U.S. Department of Energy Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements, Test Procedures, and Definitions F1. U.S. DOE Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Single-phase Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps F2. U.S. DOE Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Water Heaters and Pool Heaters F3. U.S. DOE Test Procedure and Definitions for Ceiling Fans
303	Normative Appendix G: Performance Rating Method G1. General G1.1 Performance Rating Method Scope. This appendix offers an alternative path for minimum standard compliance in accordance with Section 4.2.1.1 when administered by a building official. It is also provided for those who wish to use this appendix to… G1.2 Performance Rating G1.3 Submittals
304	G2. Simulation General Requirements G2.1 Performance Calculations. The proposed building performance and baseline building performance shall be calculated using the following: G2.2 Simulation Program. The simulation program shall be a computer-based program for the analysis of energy consumption in buildings (a program such as, but not limited to, DOE-2, BLAST, or EnergyPlus). The simulation program shall include calculati…
305	G2.3 Climatic Data. The simulation program shall perform the simulation using hourly values of climatic data, including temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed and direction from representative climatic data, for the site in which the … G2.4 Renewable, Recovered, and Purchased Energy
306	G2.5 Exceptional Calculation Methods. When the simulation program does not model a design, material, or device of the proposed design, an exceptional calculation method shall be used as approved by the rating authority. Where there are multiple desig… G3. Calculation of the Proposed Design and Baseline Building Performance G3.1 Building Performance Calculations
307	G3.2 Performance Calculations for New Buildings, Additions and Substantial Alterations
322	G3.3 Performance Calculations for Other Alterations
347	Informative Appendix H: Additional Guidance for Verification, Testing, and Commissioning H1. Benefits of and Resources for Building Commissioning
348	H2. Recommended Minimum Qualifications and Independence of Commissioning Providers and Functional Performance Testing Providers
349	H3. Overview of the Commissioning Process H4. Standard 90.1 Items to Include in Verification, Testing, or Commissioning
353	H5. Commissioning Documentation
354	H5.1 Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) (NR by 90.1). The Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) is a document developed by the owner with assistance from the design and commissioning teams that details the requirements of a project and the expectati… H5.2 Basis of Design (BoD) (NR by 90.1). The Basis of Design (BoD) is a document developed by the design team that records the concepts, calculations, decisions, and product selections used to meet the OPR and to satisfy applicable regulatory require… H5.3 Commissioning Plan (See Section 4.2.5.2.2). The commissioning plan is a document developed by a commissioning provider that supports the energy efficiency goals of Standard 90.1 by clarifying the commissioning activities throughout the design an… H5.4 Contractor Commissioning Requirements (See Sections 4.2.5.1.1, 4.2.5.2.1, and 6.9.2). The commissioning provider works with the design team to ensure that contractor requirements for involvement in the commissioning process are included in the c… H5.5 Commissioning Design Review Report and Standard 90.1 Compliance Review (See Sections 4.2.5.2 and 4.2.5.2.2).The commissioning provider provides a design review (commissioning design review report) to the owner and design teams to report complian… H5.6 Record Documents (See Sections 4.2.2.1, 6.7.3.1, 8.7.3.1, 9.7.3.1). Record documents are provided to the owner upon project completion. The record documents should be accessible to the building operations and maintenance personnel. The record do… H5.7 Systems Manual (See Sections 4.2.2.3, 6.7.3.2, 8.7.3.2, 9.7.3.2). A systems manual supports the energy efficiency goals of Standard 90.1 by providing information on system maintenance and operation so that the operating staff can maintain the sp… H5.8 Preliminary Commissioning Report (See Section 4.2.5.2.2). A preliminary commissioning report is provided by the commissioning provider and includes the results of the commissioning activities up to the time of occupancy. The results of FPT and o…
355	H5.9 Final Commissioning Report (See Section 4.2.5.2.2). A final commissioning report is provided by the commissioning provider once all testing is complete. While the final commissioning report is delivered after the occupancy permit, the requiremen…
356	Informative Appendix I: Using Other Metrics in Conjunction with Appendix G Performance Rating Method when Approved by the Rating Authority I1. General I2. Changes to Section 3 I3. Changes to Section 4 I4. Changes to Normative Appendix G I5. Methodology for BPF Adjustment to Account for Localized Conversion Factors
359	I6. Site Energy Use Language Example
362	Normative Appendix J: Sets of Performance Curves J1. General J1.1 Description. This appendix provides sets of performance curves that shall be used to represent the part-load performance of chillers in the budget building design when using Section 12 and in the baseline building design when using Normative App…
369	Informative Appendix K: Informative Figures—Thermal Bridges
374	Normative Appendix L: Mechanical System Performance Rating Method L1. General L1.1 Scope. This appendix offers an alternative path of compliance for HVAC systems in accordance with Section 6.6.2. This appendix establishes the requirements for HVAC systems that use the Mechanical System Performance Rating Method and requirement…
375	L2. Mechanical System Performance Rating Method L2.1 Compliance
378	L2.2 Proposed Building Information Required. The simulation of HVAC systems and the HVAC zones they serve shall be modeled based on building information required by this section.
380	L3. Simulation Program
384	L3.1 Calculation of the TSPR. The simulation program shall calculate both the TSPRp and TSPRr based only on the input for the proposed design and the requirements of this appendix. The calculation procedure shall not allow the user to directly modify… L3.2 TSPR Simulation Program. All components of the proposed design for blocks served by HVAC systems using this method shall be explicitly modeled by the simulation program. The code official shall be permitted to approve a simulation program for a … L3.3 Climatic Data. Climatic data shall meet the requirements of Section G2.3. L3.4 Compliance Report. The simulation program shall generate a report that includes the following:
385	L4. Calculation Procedure L4.1 Simulation of the Proposed Design (Non-HVAC). The proposed design non-HVAC systems shall be configured and analyzed as specified in this section. At a minimum, the simulation program shall support the building use types included in the analysis….
386	L4.2 Simulation of the Proposed Design (HVAC). The proposed design HVAC systems shall be configured and analyzed as specified in this section.
388	L4.3 Simulation of the TSPR Reference Building Design. The TSPR reference building design shall be configured and analyzed as specified in this section. L5. TSPR Metric for Site HVAC Energy Input
395	Informative Appendix M: Addenda Description
401	Annex 1: Reference Standard Reproduction—ASHRAE Standard 169

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Standard Title	ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2022 (I-P Edition) — Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ANSI Approved; IES Co-sponsored)
Published Code	ASHRAE
Publication Date	2022

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ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2022

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