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ASME B31.1 2012

ASME B31.1 2012

$98.04

ASME B31.1 Power Piping

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2012 360
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ASME B31.1 prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, inspection, operation, and maintenance of piping systems typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems. It also covers boiler-external piping for power boilers and high-temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 psig; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F. Key changes to this revision include the incorporation of cold forming rules from ASME Section I, PG-19, for austenitic materials as well as the addition of requirements regarding walkdowns and material degradation for Covered Piping Systems. B31.1 is one of ASME

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
5 CONTENTS
9 FOREWORD
10 COMMITTEE ROSTER
14 INTRODUCTION
16 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
21 Chapter I Scope and Definitions
100 GENERAL
100.1 Scope
22 Figures

Fig. 100.1.2( A. 1) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line
23 Fig. 100.1.2( A. 2) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line
24 Fig. 100.1.2( B) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum- Type Boilers
25 Fig. 100.1.2( C) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Spray- Type Desuperheater
26 100.2 Definitions
32 Chapter II Design
101 DESIGN CONDITIONS
101.1 General
101.2 Pressure
101.3 Temperature
101.4 Ambient Influences
101.5 Dynamic Effects
33 101.6 Weight Effects
101.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads
102 DESIGN CRITERIA
102.1 General
102.2 Pressure– Temperature Ratings for Piping Components
34 102.3 Allowable Stress Values and Other Stress Limits for Piping Components
35 102.4 Allowances
36 Tables
Table 102.4.3 Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factors
37 Table 102.4.5 Bend Thinning Allowance
Fig. 102.4.5 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends
38 Table 102.4.6( B. 1.1) Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness 41/
in. ( 114 mm) or Less
Table 102.4.6( B. 2.2) Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness Greater Than 41/
in. ( 114 mm)
39 103 CRITERIA FOR PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
104 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
104.1 Straight Pipe
40 Table 102.4.7 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating the Minimum Wall Thickness or Allowable Design Pressure of Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Fusion Weld
42 Table 104.1.2( A) Values of
104.2 Curved Segments of Pipe
104.3 Intersections
44 Fig. 104.3.1( D) Reinforcement of Branch Connections
45 Fig. 104.3.1( D) Reinforcement of Branch Connections ( Cont’d)
48 Fig. 104.3.1( G) Reinforced Extruded Outlets
50 104.4 Closures
104.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks
51 Fig. 104.5.3 Types of Permanent Blanks
52 104.6 Reducers
104.7 Other Pressure- Containing Components
104.8 Analysis of Piping Components
53 Fig. 104.8.4 Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading
54 105 PIPE
105.1 General
105.2 Metallic Pipe
105.3 Nonmetallic Pipe
106 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND INTERSECTIONS
106.1 Fittings
55 106.2 Bends and Intersections
106.3 Pipe Couplings and Unions
106.4 Flexible Metal Hose Assembly
107 VALVES
107.1 General
56 107.2 Marking
107.3 Ends
107.4 Stem Threads
107.5 Bonnet Joints
107.6 Bypasses
107.8 Pressure- Relieving Valves and Devices
108 PIPE FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, GASKETS, AND BOLTING
108.1 Flanges
108.2 Blanks
108.3 Flange Facings
108.4 Gaskets
108.5 U. S. Customary Bolting
57 108.6 Metric Bolting
110 PIPING JOINTS
111 WELDED JOINTS
111.1 General
111.2 Butt Welds
58 111.3 Socket Welds
111.4 Fillet Welds
111.5 Seal Welds
112 FLANGED JOINTS
113 EXPANDED OR ROLLED JOINTS
114 THREADED JOINTS
114.1
114.3
59 Table 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements
60 Table 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ( Cont’ d)
61 Table 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ( Cont’d)
62 Table 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ( Cont’d)
63 Table 114.2.1 Threaded Joints Limitations
115 FLARED, FLARELESS, AND COMPRESSION JOINTS, AND UNIONS
115.1 Compatibility
115.2 Pressure– Temperature Ratings
115.3 Threads
115.4 Fitting and Gripping
116 BELL END JOINTS
116.1 Elastomeric- Gasket Joints
116.2 Caulked Joints
117 BRAZED AND SOLDERED JOINTS
117.1 Brazed Joints
117.2 Soldered Joints
64 117.3 Limitations
118 SLEEVE COUPLED AND OTHER PROPRIETARY JOINTS
119 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
119.1 General
119.2 Displacement Stress Range
119.3 Local Overstrain
119.5 Flexibility
65 119.6 Piping Properties
119.7 Flexibility Analysis
66 119.8 Movements
119.9 Cold Spring
119.10 Reactions
120 LOADS ON PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
120.1 General
67 120.2 Supports, Anchors, and Guides
121 DESIGN OF PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
121.1 General
121.2 Allowable Stress Values
68 121.3 Temperature Limitations
121.4 Hanger Adjustments
121.5 Hanger Spacing
Table 121.5 Suggested Pipe Support Spacing
121.6 Springs
121.7 Fixtures
69 121.8 Structural Attachments
70 Table 121.7.2( A) Carrying Capacity of Threaded ASTM A36, A575, and A576 Hot- Rolled Carbon Steel
121.9 Loads and Supporting Structures
121.10 Requirements for Fabricating Pipe Supports
71 122 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
122.1 Boiler External Piping; in Accordance With Para. 100.1.2( A) — Steam, Feedwater, Blowoff, and Drain Piping
75 Fig. 122.1.7( C) Typical Globe Valves
76 Table 122.2 Design Pressure for Blowoff/ Blowdown Piping Downstream of BEP Valves
122.2 Blowoff and Blowdown Piping in Nonboiler External Piping
122.3 Instrument, Control, and Sampling Piping
78 122.4 Spray- Type Desuperheater Piping for Use on Steam Generators, Main Steam, and Reheat Steam Piping
79 Fig. 122.4 Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement
80 122.5 Pressure- Reducing Valves
122.6 Pressure Relief Piping
122.7 Piping for Flammable or Combustible Liquids
81 122.8 Piping for Flammable Gases, Toxic Fluids ( Gases or Liquids), or Nonflammable Nontoxic Gases
83 Table 122.8.2( B) Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Toxic Fluid Piping
84 122.9 Piping for Corrosive Liquids and Gases
122.10 Temporary Piping Systems
122.11 Steam Trap Piping
85 122.12 Exhaust and Pump Suction Piping
122.13 Pump Discharge Piping
122.14 District Heating and Steam Distribution Systems
86 Chapter III Materials
123 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
123.1 Materials and Specifications
87 123.2 Piping Components
123.3 Pipe- Supporting Elements
123.4 Longitudinal- Welded or Spiral- Welded Pipe With Filler Metal Added
124 LIMITATIONS ON MATERIALS
124.1 Temperature Limitations
124.2 Steel
124.4 Cast Gray Iron
88 124.5 Malleable Iron
124.6 Ductile ( Nodular) Iron
124.7 Nonferrous Metals
124.8 Cladding and Lining Materials
124.9 Nonmetallic Pipe
89 124.10 Deterioration of Materials in Service
125 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
125.1 Gaskets
125.2 Bolting
90 Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements
126 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS
126.1 Standard Piping Components
126.2 Nonstandard Piping Components
126.3 Referenced Documents
91 Table 126.1 Specifications and Standards
98 Chapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
127 WELDING
127.1 General
127.2 Material
127.3 Preparation for Welding
99 127.4 Procedure
Fig. 127.3 Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment
100 Fig. 127.4.2 Welding End Transition — Maximum Envelope
102 Table 127.4.2 Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt Welds
103 Fig. 127.4.4( A) Fillet Weld Size
104 Fig. 127.4.4( B) Welding Details for Slip- On and Socket- Welding Flanges; Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds
Fig. 127.4.4( C) Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges
Fig. 127.4.8( A) Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement
Fig. 127.4.8( B) Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement
Fig. 127.4.8( C) Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement
105 Fig. 127.4.8( D) Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds
106 Fig. 127.4.8( E) Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings
107 Fig. 127.4.8( E) Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings ( Cont’d)
Fig. 127.4.8( F) Typical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS 3 and Smaller Half Couplings or Adapters
108 Fig. 127.4.8( G) Typical Partial Penetration Weld Branch Connection for NPS 2 and Smaller Fittings
109 127.5 Qualification
127.6 Welding Records
128 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
128.1 General
128.2 Materials
110 128.3 Preparation
128.4 Procedure
128.5 Brazing Qualification
128.6 Brazing Records
129 BENDING AND FORMING
129.1 Bending
111 Table 129.3.1 Approximate Lower Critical Temperatures
129.2 Forming
129.3 Heat Treatment of Bends and Formed Components
112 Table 129.3.4.1 Post Cold- Forming Strain Limits and Heat- Treatment Requirements
113 130 REQUIREMENTS FOR FABRICATING AND ATTACHING PIPE SUPPORTS
130.1 Pipe Supports
130.2 Alternate Pipe Supports
130.3 Pipe Support Welds
131 WELDING PREHEAT
131.1 Minimum Preheat Requirements
131.2 Different P- Number Materials
131.3 Preheat Temperature Verification
131.4 Preheat Temperature
131.6 Interruption of Welding
114 132 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
132.1 Minimum PWHT Requirements
132.2 Mandatory PWHT Requirements
132.3 Exemptions to Mandatory PWHT Requirements
132.4 Definition of Thickness Governing PWHT
115 Table 132 Postweld Heat Treatment
120 Table 132.1 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
121 132.5 PWHT Heating and Cooling Requirements
132.6 Furnace Heating
132.7 Local Heating
133 STAMPING
135 ASSEMBLY
135.1 General
122 135.2 Alignment
135.3 Bolted Flanged Connections
135.4 Packed Joints and Caulked Joints
135.5 Threaded Piping
135.6 Tubing Joints
135.7 Ductile Iron Bell End Piping
Fig. 135.5.3 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads
123 Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing
136 INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION
136.1 Inspection
136.2 Inspection and Qualification of Authorized Inspector for Boiler External Piping
136.3 Examination
124 136.4 Examination Methods of Welds
125 Table 136.4 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds or Welds to Pressure- Retaining Components
126 Table 136.4.1 Weld Imperfections Indicated by Various Types of Examination
127 137 PRESSURE TESTS
137.1 General Requirements
137.2 Preparation for Testing
128 137.3 Requirements for Specific Piping Systems
137.4 Hydrostatic Testing
137.5 Pneumatic Testing
129 137.6 Mass- Spectrometer and Halide Testing
137.7 Initial Service Testing
137.8 Retesting After Repair or Additions
130 Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance
138 GENERAL
139 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
140 CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF CPS
131 141 CPS RECORDS
144 CPS WALKDOWNS
145 MATERIAL DEGRADATION MECHANISMS
133 MANDATORY APPENDIX A ALLOWABLE STRESS TABLES
134 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel
135 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel
136 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
137 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
138 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
139 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
140 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
141 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
142 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
143 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
144 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
145 Table A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d)
146 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel
147 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel
148 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
149 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
150 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
151 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
152 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
153 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
154 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
155 Table A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d)
156 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels
157 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels
158 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
159 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
160 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
161 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
162 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
163 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
164 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
165 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
166 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
167 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
168 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
169 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
170 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
171 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
172 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
173 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
174 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
175 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
176 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
177 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
178 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
179 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
180 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
181 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
182 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
183 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
184 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
185 Table A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d)
186 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys
187 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys
188 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
189 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
190 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
191 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
192 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
193 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
194 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
195 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
196 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
197 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
198 Table A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d)
200 Table A- 5 Cast Iron
201 Table A- 5 Cast Iron
202 Table A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys
203 Table A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys
204 Table A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys ( Cont’d)
205 Table A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys ( Cont’d)
206 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
207 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
208 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d)
209 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d)
210 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d)
211 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d)
212 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d)
213 Table A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d)
214 Table A- 8 Temperatures 1,200° F and Above
215 Table A- 8 Temperatures 1,200° F and Above
216 Table A- 8 Temperatures 1,200° F and Above ( Cont’d)
217 Table A- 8 Temperatures 1,200° F and Above ( Cont’d)
218 Table A- 8 Temperatures 1,200° F and Above ( Cont’d)
219 Table A- 8 Temperatures 1,200° F and Above ( Cont’d)
220 Table A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
221 Table A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
222 Table A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys ( Cont’d)
223 Table A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys ( Cont’d)
224 Table A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs
225 Table A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs
226 Table A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ( Cont’d)
227 Table A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ( Cont’d)
228 Table A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ( Cont’d)
229 MANDATORY APPENDIX B THERMAL EXPANSION DATA
230 Table B- 1 Thermal Expansion Data
231 Table B- 1 Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’ d)
232 Table B- 1 Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’d)
234 Table B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data
235 Table B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data
236 Table B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’d)
237 Table B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’d)
238 MANDATORY APPENDIX C MODULI OF ELASTICITY
Table C- 1 Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material
239 Table C- 1 ( SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material
240 Table C- 2 Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material
241 Table C- 2 Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material ( Cont’d)
242 Table C- 2 ( SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material
243 Table C- 2 ( SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material ( Cont’d)
244 MANDATORY APPENDIX D FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS
Table D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors
245 Table D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ( Cont’d)
246 Table D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ( Cont’d)
247 Table D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ( Cont’d)
248 Chart D- 1 Flexibility Factor,
and Stress Intensification Factor,
249 Chart D- 2 Correction Factor,
250 Fig. D- 1 Branch Connection Dimensions
251 MANDATORY APPENDIX F REFERENCED STANDARDS
252 Referenced Standards ( Cont’d)
253 Referenced Standards ( Cont’d)
254 Referenced Standards ( Cont’d)
255 MANDATORY APPENDIX G
NOMENCLATURE
262 MANDATORY APPENDIX H PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES
H- 1 INTRODUCTION
H- 2 REQUIREMENTS
H- 3 SUBMITTAL
263 MANDATORY APPENDIX J QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILER EXTERNAL PIPING ( BEP)
J- 1 QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
J- 1.1 General
J- 1.2 Outline of Features to Be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System
265 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX II RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF SAFETY VALVE INSTALLATIONS1
II- 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITION
II- 1.1 Scope
II- 1.2 Definitions ( Valve Descriptions Follow the Definitions Given in Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code)
266 II- 2 LOADS
II- 2.1 Thermal Expansion
II- 2.2 Pressure
267 Fig. II- 1- 2( A) Safety Valve Installation ( Open Discharge System)
268 Fig. II- 1- 2( B) Safety Valve Installation ( Closed Discharge System)
269 Fig. II- 2- 1 Discharge Elbow ( Open Discharge Installation)
Table II- 2.2.1 Values of
and
270 Chart II- 1 Compressible Flow Analysis
271 Fig. II- 2- 2 Vent Pipe ( Open Discharge Installation)
II- 2.3 Reaction Forces From Valve Discharge
272 II- 2.4 Other Mechanical Loads
273 II- 3 BENDING MOMENT COMPUTATIONS
II- 3.1 General
II- 3.2 Thermal Expansion Analysis
II- 3.3 Dead Weight Analysis
II- 3.4 Earthquake Analysis
II- 3.5 Analysis for Reaction Forces Due to Valve Discharge
274 II- 4 LOADING CRITERIA AND STRESS COMPUTATION
II- 4.1 Loading Criteria
275 Fig. II- 3- 1 Safety Valve Installation ( Open Discharge System)
II- 4.2 Stress Calculations
276 Fig. II- 3- 2 Dynamic Load Factors for Open Discharge System
277 II- 5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
II- 5.1 General
II- 5.2 Geometry
II- 5.3 Types of Valves and Installations
II- 5.4 Installation Branch Connections
278 II- 5.5 Water in Installation Piping
II- 5.6 Discharge Stacks
II- 5.7 Support Design
II- 5.8 Silencer Installation
II- 6 SAMPLE DESIGNS
II- 7 SAMPLE PROBLEM ( SEE FIGS. II- 7- 1 AND II- 7- 2)
II- 7.1 Procedure
279 Fig. II- 6- 1 Examples of Safety Valve Installations
280 Fig. II- 7- 1 Sample Problem Figure 1
281 Fig. II- 7- 2 Sample Problem Figure 2
284 Fig. II- 7- 3 Sample Problem Figure 3
285 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX III RULES FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING AND PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS
III- 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITION
III- 1.1 General
III- 1.2 Scope
III- 1.3 Definitions and Abbreviations
286 III- 2 DESIGN III- 2.1 Conditions and Criteria
288 III- 2.2 Pressure Design of Piping Components
290 III- 2.3 Selection of Piping Components
III- 2.4 Selection of Piping Joints
291 III- 2.5 Expansion and Flexibility
292 III- 2.6 Design of Pipe Supporting Elements
III- 2.7 Burial of RTR Pipe
293 III- 3 MATERIALS III- 3.1 General Requirements
III- 3.2 Materials and Specifications
III- 3.3 Temperature Limitations
III- 3.4 Fluid Service Limitations
III- 3.5 Piping Component Requirements
294 III- 4 SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARD DATA
III- 4.1 Material Specifications and Standards
III- 4.2 Stress and Temperature Limits
III- 4.3 Standard Data
III- 5 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION
III- 5.1 Bonding Plastic Joints
295 Table III- 4.1.1 Nonmetallic Material and Product Standards
296 Table III- 4.1.1 Nonmetallic Material and Product Standards ( Cont’d)
297 Table III- 4.2.1 Hydrostatic Design Stresses ( HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Piping Components
298 Table III- 4.2.2 Design Stresses ( DS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Laminated Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping Components
299 Table III- 4.2.3 Hydrostatic Design Basis ( HDB) for Machine- Made Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
300 Table III- 4.3.1 Thermal Expansion Coefficients, Nonmetals
301 Table III- 4.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity, Nonmetals
302 Fig. III- 5.1.3( A) Solvent- Cemented Joint
303 Fig. III- 5.1.3( B) Heat Fusion Joints
Fig. III- 5.1.3( C) Thermoplastic Electrofusion Joints
304 III- 5.2 Bending
III- 5.3 Component Forming
III- 5.4 Assembly and Erection
III- 5.5 Fabrication of Metallic Piping Lined With Nonmetals
305 III- 6 EXAMINATION, INSPECTION, AND TESTING
III- 6.1 General
III- 6.2 Examination and Inspection
III- 6.3 Pressure Tests
306 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX IV CORROSION CONTROL FOR ASME B31.1 POWER PIPING SYSTEMS
IV- 1 GENERAL
IV- 1.1 Recommended Guidance
IV- 1.2 Protection of All Piping Systems
IV- 2 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES
IV- 2.1 General
IV- 2.2 Protective Coating
307 IV- 2.3 Cathodic Protection System
IV- 2.4 Electrical Isolation
IV- 2.5 Electrical Interference
IV- 3 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL
IV- 3.1 General
IV- 3.2 Inhibitors
IV- 3.3 Linings
IV- 3.4 Precautions at Hydrotesting
308 IV- 4 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPING EXPOSED TO THE ATMOSPHERE
IV- 5 MONITORING OF PIPE WALL THINNING DUE TO EROSION/ CORROSION
IV- 5.1 Definition
IV- 5.2 Systems and Components Susceptible to Erosion/ Corrosion
Table IV- 5.2 Erosion/ Corrosion Rates
IV- 5.3 Methods of Detection
IV- 5.4 Acceptance Standards
309 IV- 5.5 Repair/ Replacement Procedures
IV- 5.6 References
310 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX V RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND MODIFICATION OF POWER PIPING SYSTEMS
V- 1 DEFINITIONS1
311 V- 2 GENERAL
V- 2.1 Application
V- 2.2 Conformance
V- 2.3 Requirements
V- 3 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
V- 3.1 General
V- 3.2 Documentation
V- 4 REQUIREMENTS OF THE OPERATING, MAINTENANCE, AND MODIFICATION PROCEDURES
312 V- 5 PIPING AND PIPE SUPPORT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
V- 5.1 Maintenance Program
V- 5.2 Personnel
V- 6 MATERIAL HISTORY
V- 6.1 Records
313 V- 6.2 Failure Reports
V- 6.3 Restoration After Failure
V- 6.4 Weld Records
V- 6.5 Inspection Program for Materials With Adverse History
V- 6.6 Nondestructive Examination
314 V- 7 CPS POSITION HISTORY
V- 7.1 General
V- 7.2 Visual Survey
V- 7.3 Piping Position Markers
V- 7.4 Pipe Supports on CPS
V- 7.5 CPS Records
318 V- 7.6 Recommendations
V- 8 PIPING CORROSION
V- 8.1 General
V- 8.2 Procedures
319 V- 8.3 Records
V- 8.4 Examination of Records
V- 8.5 Frequency of Examination
V- 9 PIPING ADDITION TO EXISTING PLANTS
V- 9.1 Piping Classification
V- 9.2 Duplicate Components
V- 9.3 Replacement Piping and Piping Components
V- 10 SAFETY, SAFETY RELIEF, AND RELIEF VALVES
V- 10.1 General
V- 10.2 Testing and Adjustment
320 V- 10.3 Operation
V- 11 DYNAMIC LOADING
V- 11.1 Water Hammer
V- 11.2 Steam Hammer
V- 12 CREEP
V- 12.1 General
321 Fig. V- 12.1.2 Effect of Various Steady Operating Temperatures on Time to Failure Due to Creep
V- 12.2 Procedures
322 V- 12.3 Records
V- 12.4 Examination of Records
V- 12.5 Frequency of Examination
V- 13 RERATING PIPING SYSTEMS
V- 13.1 Conditions
323 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX VI APPROVAL OF NEW MATERIALS
324 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX VII PROCEDURES FOR THE DESIGN OF RESTRAINED UNDERGROUND PIPING
VII- 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
VII- 1.1 Scope
VII- 1.2 Definitions
VII- 1.3 Nomenclature
325 VII- 2 LOADS
VII- 2.1 Thermal Expansion
VII- 2.2 Pressure
326 VII- 2.3 Earthquake
VII- 3 CALCULATIONS
VII- 3.1 Assembling the Data
VII- 3.2 Calculations of Intermediate Parameters
327 Table VII- 3.2.3 Approximate Safe Working Values of
for Use in Modified Marston Formula
VII- 3.3 Classification of the Pipe Runs
328 Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 1 Element Category A, Elbow or Bend
Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 2 Element Category B, Branch Pipe Joining the P Leg
Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 3 Element Category C, Tee on End of P Leg
Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 4 Element Category D, Straight Pipe
329 VII- 4 COMPUTER MODELING OF BURIED PIPING
VII- 4.1 Determination of Stresses
VII- 4.2 Determination of Element Lengths
VII- 4.3 Determination of Soil Parameters
330 VII- 4.4 Pipe With Expansion Joints
VII- 4.5 Pipe Stresses at Building Penetrations
VII- 5 ALLOWABLE STRESS IN BURIED PIPE
Fig. VII- 5 Plan of Example Buried Pipe
VII- 6 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
VII- 6.1 Assemble the Data
VII- 6.2 Calculate the Intermediate Parameters
331 VII- 6.3 Classification of Runs
332 Table VII- 6.3 Equations for Calculating Effective Length
or
VII- 6.4 Computer Modeling
333 Fig. VII- 6.4.4 Computer Model of Example Pipe
VII- 6.5 Results of Analysis
VII- 6.6 Anchor Load Example
Fig. VII- 6.6 Example Plan of Element 1 as a Category D Element
334 VII- 7 REFERENCES
335 INDEX
343 ASME B31.1 INTERPRETATIONS VOLUME 46
344 B31.1
349 B31.1 — Cases No. 36
351 Table 1
353 Table 1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values
Table 1M Maximum Allowable Stress Values
Table 2 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment ( PWHT)
Table 2M Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment ( PWHT)
355 Table 1 Chemical Requirements
Table 2 Mechanical Property Requirements
Table 3 Specifications
Table 4 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Tube and Pipe

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ASME B31.1 2012
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