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ASME B31.12 2023

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ASME B31.12-2023 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines

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ASME 2023
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This Code is applicable to piping and pipelines handling gaseous hydrogen and gaseous hydrogen mixtures and to piping in liquid hydrogen service. This Code is applicable up to and including the joint connecting the piping to associated pressure vessels and equipment but not to the vessels and equipment themselves. It is applicable to the location and type of support elements but not to the structure to which the support elements are attached.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
12 ASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER
14 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B31 COMMITTEE
16 INTRODUCTION
18 ASME B31.12-2023 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
22 PART GR GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Chapter GR-1 Scope and Definitions
GR-1.1 SCOPE
GR-1.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
GR-1.2.1 Owner
GR-1.2.2 Designer
GR-1.2.3 Construction Organization
GR-1.2.4 Ownerā€™s Inspector
GR-1.3 INTENT OF THE CODE
23 GR-1.4 PACKAGED EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
GR-1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
32 GR-1.6 ASME B31.12 APPENDICES
GR-1.6.1 Mandatory Appendices
GR-1.6.2 Nonmandatory Appendices
33 GR-1.6.3 Status of Appendices
GR-1.7 NOMENCLATURE
34 Chapter GR-2 Materials
GR-2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
GR-2.1.1 Materials and Specifications
35 Tables
Table GR-2.1.1-1 Material Specification Index for Piping and Pipe Components
37 GR-2.1.2 Temperature Limitations
Table GR-2.1.1-2 Material Specification Index for Pipelines
38 Table GR-2.1.2-1 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals
39 Figures
Figure GR-2.1.2-1 Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials
40 Table GR-2.1.2-2 Tabular Values for Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials
41 GR-2.1.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
42 Figure GR-2.1.2-2 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing
43 Table GR-2.1.3-1 Impact Testing Requirements for Metals
44 Table GR-2.1.3-2 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction
45 GR-2.1.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Materials
Table GR-2.1.3-3 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values
47 GR-2.1.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service
GR-2.2 JOINING AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS
48 Chapter GR-3 Welding, Brazing, Heat Treating, Forming, and Testing
GR-3.1 GENERAL
GR-3.2 WELDING AND BRAZING
GR-3.2.1 Material Compatibility
GR-3.2.2 Responsibility
GR-3.2.3 Methods and Processes
GR-3.2.4 Qualification Testing and Certification Requirements
GR-3.2.5 Method and Process Requirements
50 GR-3.2.6 Procedure Qualification by Others
GR-3.2.7 Performance Qualification by Others
51 GR-3.2.8 Welder Operator Qualifications
GR-3.2.9 Welding and Brazing Records
GR-3.2.10 Requalification Requirements
GR-3.3 WELDING AND BRAZING MATERIALS
GR-3.3.1 Electrodes and Filler Metal
GR-3.3.2 Weld Backing Material
GR-3.3.3 Consumable Inserts
GR-3.3.4 Brazing Materials
GR-3.4 CONSTRUCTION OF WELDMENTS
52 GR-3.4.1 Welding Repairs
GR-3.4.2 Cleaning of Component Surfaces
GR-3.4.3 Joint Preparation and Alignment
53 Figure GR-3.4.3-1 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt With Extended Land
Figure GR-3.4.3-2 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Square Butt Weld
Figure GR-3.4.3-3 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root
54 Figure GR-3.4.3-4 Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Bored for Alignment
Figure GR-3.4.3-5 Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Taper-Bored to Align
Figure GR-3.4.3-6 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Continuous Flat Backing Ring
55 Figure GR-3.4.3-7 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Continuous Tapered Backing Ring
Figure GR-3.4.3-8 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Consumable Insert
Figure GR-3.4.3-9 Preparation and Alignment of Pipe Branch to Pipe Header Connection
56 GR-3.4.4 Welding of Circumferential Joints
GR-3.4.5 Weld End Transition
57 Figure GR-3.4.4-1 Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root
Figure GR-3.4.4-2 Geometry of Weld Deposit Root Single Vee Groove Butt With Extended Land (Without Filler Metal)
Figure GR-3.4.4-3 Geometry of Weld Deposit Square Butt End (Without Filler Metal)
58 Figure GR-3.4.5-1 Welding End Transition ā€” Maximum Envelope
59 GR-3.4.6 Weld Reinforcement
Figure GR-3.4.6-1 Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root With Concavity
Table GR-3.4.6-1 Weld Reinforcement
60 GR-3.4.7 Fillet and Socket Welds
GR-3.4.8 Seal Welding of Threaded Joints (See Figure GR-3.4.7-1 for Fillet Weld)
GR-3.4.9 Welded Branch Connections
61 Figure GR-3.4.7-1 Fillet Weld Size
Figure GR-3.4.7-2 Typical Details for Double-Welded Slip-On Flanges
62 Figure GR-3.4.7-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components to Pipe Including Fit-Up Detail
Figure GR-3.4.9-1 Typical Welded Branch Connections
63 Figure GR-3.4.9-2 Acceptable Details for Pipe Branch Attachment Welds
64 GR-3.4.10 Mitered Joints
GR-3.4.11 Fabricated or Flared Laps
GR-3.4.12 Attachment Welds
Figure GR-3.4.9-3 Acceptable Detail for Branch Connection of Pipe Fitting
Figure GR-3.4.9-4 Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100% Radiography
65 GR-3.4.13 Requirement for Fabricating and Attaching Pipe Supports
GR-3.5 PREHEATING FOR WELDMENTS
Table GR-3.5-1 Preheat Temperatures
66 GR-3.6 HEAT TREATMENT
GR-3.6.1 PWHT Requirements
GR-3.6.2 Governing Thickness
Table GR-3.6.1-1 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Weldments
67 GR-3.6.3 Dissimilar Materials
GR-3.6.4 Methods of Heating
GR-3.6.5 PWHT Heating and Cooling Requirements
68 GR-3.6.6 Temperature Verification
GR-3.6.7 Delayed Heat Treatment
GR-3.6.8 Partial Heat Treatment
GR-3.7 SPECIFIC AND ALTERNATIVE HEAT TREAT REQUIREMENTS
GR-3.7.1 Exceptions to Basic Requirements
GR-3.7.2 Alternative Heat Treatment
GR-3.8 CONSTRUCTION OF BRAZEMENTS
GR-3.8.1 Brazed Joint Type
GR-3.8.2 Couplings With Internal Stops
69 GR-3.8.3 Repairs
GR-3.8.4 Precleaning and Surface Prep
GR-3.8.5 Joint Preparation, Alignment, and Brazing
Figure GR-3.8-1 Joints for Tubular Components
70 GR-3.8.6 Brazing Fluxes
GR-3.8.7 Brazing Process
GR-3.8.8 Post-Braze Cleaning
GR-3.9 FORMING OF PIPE COMPONENTS
71 GR-3.9.1 Bending Requirements
GR-3.9.2 Post-Heat Treatment
GR-3.10 HARDNESS TESTING
Table GR-3.10-1 Hardness Testing Acceptance Criteria
72 Figure GR-3.10-1 Location of Vickers Hardness Indentations
73 Chapter GR-4 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
GR-4.1 GENERAL
GR-4.2 INSPECTION
GR-4.2.1 Responsibility
GR-4.2.2 Rights of the Ownerā€™s Inspector
GR-4.2.3 Qualifications of the Ownerā€™s Inspector
GR-4.3 EXAMINATION
GR-4.3.1 Responsibility
GR-4.3.2 Requirements
74 GR-4.3.3 Quality Control Examinations
GR-4.3.4 Nondestructive Examination Methods
GR-4.3.5 Special Methods
GR-4.4 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
75 GR-4.5 EXTENT OF REQUIRED EXAMINATION AND TESTING
GR-4.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
GR-4.7 SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION
GR-4.8 EXAMINATIONS TO RESOLVE UNCERTAINTY
GR-4.9 DEFECTIVE COMPONENTS AND WORKMANSHIP
GR-4.10 PROGRESSIVE SAMPLING FOR EXAMINATION
GR-4.11 TESTING
GR-4.12 RECORDS
GR-4.13 NDE DEFINITIONS
77 Chapter GR-5 Operation and Maintenance
GR-5.1 GENERAL
GR-5.2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN
GR-5.2.1 Essential Features of the Operating and Maintenance Plan
78 GR-5.2.2 Essential Features of the Emergency Plan
79 GR-5.2.3 Failure Investigation
GR-5.2.4 Prevention of Accidental Ignition
GR-5.2.5 Blasting Effects
GR-5.3 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
GR-5.3.1 Corrosion Control
81 GR-5.3.2 Repair of Corroded Pipe
GR-5.4 LEAKAGE SURVEYS
GR-5.5 REPAIR PROCEDURES
82 GR-5.6 INJURIOUS DENTS AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE
GR-5.6.1 Permanent Field Repairs of Injurious Dents
GR-5.6.2 Permanent Field Repairs of Mechanical Damage
83 GR-5.7 PERMANENT REPAIR OF WELDS WITH DEFECTS
GR-5.8 PERMANENT FIELD REPAIR OF LEAKS AND NONLEAKING CORRODED AREAS
GR-5.9 PERMANENT FIELD REPAIR OF HYDROGEN STRESS CRACKING IN HARD SPOTS AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING
GR-5.10 TESTING AND EXAMINATION OF REPAIRS
GR-5.10.1 Testing of Replacement Pipe Sections
GR-5.10.2 Nondestructive Examination of Repairs
84 GR-5.11 VALVE MAINTENANCE
GR-5.11.1 Piping and Transportation Pipeline Valves
GR-5.11.2 Distribution System Valves
GR-5.11.3 Service Line Valves
GR-5.11.4 Valve Records
GR-5.11.5 Prevention of Accidental Operation
GR-5.12 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE MAINTENANCE
GR-5.12.1 Continuing Surveillance of Pipelines
GR-5.12.2 Pipeline Patrolling
85 GR-5.13 ABANDONING OF TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
GR-5.14 DECOMMISSIONING OF TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
GR-5.15 RECOMMISSIONING OF TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
GR-5.16 REPOSITIONING A PIPELINE IN SERVICE
86 GR-5.17 TESTING FOR INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF IN-SERVICE PIPELINES
GR-5.17.1 Pressure Test Levels
GR-5.17.2 Pressure Hold Period
GR-5.17.3 Time Interval Between Tests
87 GR-5.18 DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE MAINTENANCE
GR-5.19 LEAKAGE SURVEYS
GR-5.19.1 Types of Surveys
GR-5.19.2 Frequency of Surveys
GR-5.20 LEAKAGE INVESTIGATION AND ACTION
GR-5.20.1 Leakage Classification and Repair
GR-5.20.2 Investigation of Reports From Outside Sources
88 GR-5.20.3 Odor or Indications From Foreign Sources
GR-5.20.4 Followup Examinations
GR-5.21 REPAIR, TESTING, AND EXAMINATION OF MAINS OPERATING AT HOOP STRESS LEVELS AT OR ABOVE 30% OF THE SMYS
GR-5.22 REQUIREMENTS FOR ABANDONING, DISCONNECTING, AND REINSTATING DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES
GR-5.22.1 Abandoning of Distribution Facilities
GR-5.22.2 Decommissioned Service
GR-5.22.3 Test Requirements for Reinstating Decommissioned Service Line
89 GR-5.22.4 Maintenance Records
GR-5.23 MAINTENANCE OF SPECIFIC FACILITIES
GR-5.23.1 Compressor Station Maintenance
GR-5.23.2 Procedures for Maintaining Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders in Safe Operating Condition
GR-5.23.3 Maintenance of Pressure-Limiting and Pressure-Regulating Stations
90 GR-5.23.4 Vault Maintenance
91 Chapter GR-6 Quality System Program for Hydrogen Piping and Pipeline Systems
GR-6.1 QUALITY SYSTEM PROGRAM FOR INDUSTRIAL PIPING
GR-6.2 QUALITY SYSTEM PROGRAM FOR PIPELINES
92 PART IP INDUSTRIAL PIPING
Chapter IP-1 Scope and Responsibilities
IP-1.1 SCOPE
IP-1.1.1 Content and Coverage
IP-1.1.2 Exclusions
IP-1.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
IP-1.2.1 Owner
IP-1.2.2 Designer
IP-1.2.3 Construction Organization
IP-1.2.4 Ownerā€™s Inspector
IP-1.3 INTENT
IP-1.4 DETERMINING CODE REQUIREMENTS
93 Chapter IP-2 Design Conditions and Criteria
IP-2.1 DESIGN CONDITIONS
IP-2.1.1 Qualifications of the Designer
IP-2.1.2 Design Pressure
IP-2.1.3 Required Pressure Containment or Relief
IP-2.1.4 Design Temperature
IP-2.1.5 Design Minimum Temperature
94 IP-2.1.6 Component Design Temperature
IP-2.1.7 Ambient Effects
IP-2.1.8 Dynamic Effects
IP-2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
95 IP-2.2.1 Pressureā€“Temperature Design Criteria
IP-2.2.2 Listed Components Having Established Ratings
IP-2.2.3 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings
IP-2.2.4 Unlisted Components
IP-2.2.5 Ratings at Junction of Different Services
IP-2.2.6 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits
96 IP-2.2.7 Bases for Design Stresses
IP-2.2.8 Casting Quality Factor, EC
97 IP-2.2.9 Weld Joint Quality Factors, Ej
IP-2.2.10 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Displacement Strains
IP-2.2.11 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads
Table IP-2.2.8-1 Increased Casting Quality Factors, Ec
98 IP-2.2.12 Allowances
IP-2.2.13 Mechanical Strength
Table IP-2.2.8-2 Acceptance Levels for Castings
99 Table IP-2.2.9-1 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej
100 Chapter IP-3 Pressure Design of Piping Components
IP-3.1 GENERAL
IP-3.2 STRAIGHT PIPE
IP-3.2.1 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure
Table IP-3.2-1 Values of Coefficient Y for t < D/6
101 IP-3.2.2 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure
IP-3.3 CURVED AND MITERED SEGMENTS OF PIPE
IP-3.3.1 Pipe Bends
IP-3.3.2 Elbows
IP-3.3.3 Miter Bends
Figure IP-3.3.1-1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends
Figure IP-3.3.3-1 Nomenclature for Miter Bends
102 IP-3.3.4 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe Under External Pressure
IP-3.4 BRANCH CONNECTIONS
IP-3.4.1 Strength of Branch Connections
103 IP-3.4.2 Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections
104 Figure IP-3.4.2-1 Branch Connection Nomenclature
105 IP-3.4.3 Reinforcement of Extruded Outlet Headers
106 Figure IP-3.4.3-1 Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature
107 IP-3.4.4 Additional Design Considerations
108 IP-3.4.5 Branch Connections Under External Pressure
IP-3.5 CLOSURES
Table IP-3.5-1 ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 References for Closures
109 IP-3.6 PRESSURE DESIGN OF FLANGES AND BLANKS
IP-3.6.1 Flanges
IP-3.6.2 Blind Flanges
IP-3.6.3 Blanks
IP-3.7 REDUCERS
IP-3.7.1 Concentric Reducers
IP-3.7.2 Eccentric Reducers
IP-3.8 PRESSURE DESIGN OF OTHER COMPONENTS
IP-3.8.1 Listed Components
IP-3.8.2 Unlisted Components and Elements
110 IP-3.8.3 Metallic Components With Nonmetallic Pressure Parts
IP-3.8.4 Expansion Joints
Figure IP-3.6.3-1 Blanks
112 Chapter IP-4 Service Requirements for Piping Components
IP-4.1 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
IP-4.1.1 Valves
IP-4.1.2 Specific Requirements
IP-4.2 BOLTING AND TAPPED HOLES FOR COMPONENTS
113 Chapter IP-5 Service Requirements for Piping Joints
IP-5.1 SCOPE
IP-5.2 WELDED JOINTS
IP-5.2.1 Welding Requirements
IP-5.2.2 Specific Requirements
IP-5.3 FLANGED JOINTS
IP-5.3.1 Listed and Unlisted Flange Joints
IP-5.3.2 Selection, Design, and Installation of Flanged Joints
IP-5.3.3 Flange Facings
114 IP-5.3.4 Flange Gaskets
IP-5.3.5 Flange Bolting
IP-5.3.6 Tapped Holes for Flange Bolting
IP-5.3.7 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings
IP-5.3.8 Metal-to-Nonmetal Flanged Joints
IP-5.3.9 Slip-On Flanges
IP-5.3.10 Socket Welding and Threaded Flanges
IP-5.4 EXPANDED JOINTS
115 IP-5.5 THREADED JOINTS
IP-5.5.1 Taper-Threaded Joints
IP-5.5.2 Straight-Threaded Joints
IP-5.5.3 Tubing Joints
IP-5.6 CAULKED JOINTS
116 IP-5.7 BRAZED AND SOLDERED JOINTS
IP-5.7.1 Soldered Joints
IP-5.7.2 Brazed Joints
IP-5.8 SPECIAL JOINTS
117 Chapter IP-6 Flexibility and Support
IP-6.1 ANALYSIS OF DISPLACEMENT LOADS
IP-6.2 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS
IP-6.3 PIPING SUPPORT
118 Chapter IP-7 Specific Piping Systems
IP-7.1 INSTRUMENT PIPING
IP-7.1.1 Scope
IP-7.1.2 Requirements
IP-7.2 PRESSURE-RELIEVING SYSTEMS
IP-7.2.1 Stop Valves in Pressure-Relief Piping
IP-7.2.2 Pressure Relief Discharge Piping
IP-7.2.3 Pressure-Relieving Devices
119 Chapter IP-8 Dimensions and Ratings of Components
IP-8.1 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS
IP-8.1.1 Listed Piping Components
IP-8.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components
IP-8.1.3 Threads
IP-8.2 RATINGS OF COMPONENTS
IP-8.2.1 Listed Components
IP-8.2.2 Unlisted Components
IP-8.3 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
120 Table IP-8.1.1-1 Component Standards
122 Chapter IP-9 Fabrication, Erection, and Assembly
IP-9.1 GENERAL
IP-9.2 RESPONSIBILITY
IP-9.3 CONTENT AND COVERAGE
IP-9.4 PACKAGED EQUIPMENT PIPING
IP-9.5 EXCLUSIONS
IP-9.6 FABRICATION AND ERECTION
IP-9.6.1 Welding and Brazing
IP-9.6.2 Welding and Brazing Materials
IP-9.6.3 Procedure Qualification Hardness Tests
IP-9.7 CONSTRUCTION OF WELDMENTS
IP-9.7.1 Welding Repairs
IP-9.7.2 Cleaning of Pipe Component Surfaces
IP-9.7.3 Joint Preparation and Alignment
IP-9.7.4 Welding of Circumferential Joints
123 IP-9.7.5 Weld End Transition
IP-9.7.6 Weld Reinforcement
IP-9.7.7 Fillet and Socket Welds
IP-9.7.8 Seal Welding of Threaded Joints
IP-9.7.9 Welded Branch Connections
IP-9.7.10 Mitered Joints
IP-9.7.11 Fabricated or Flared Laps
IP-9.8 PREHEATING FOR WELDMENTS
IP-9.9 HEAT TREATMENT
IP-9.9.1 PWHT Requirements
IP-9.9.2 Governing Thickness
IP-9.9.3 Dissimilar Materials
IP-9.9.4 Methods of Heating
IP-9.9.5 PWHT Heating and Cooling Requirements
IP-9.9.6 Temperature Verification
IP-9.9.7 Delayed Heat Treatment
IP-9.9.8 Partial Heat Treatment
IP-9.10 SPECIFIC AND ALTERNATIVE HEAT TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
IP-9.11 CONSTRUCTION OF BRAZEMENTS
IP-9.12 BENDING AND FORMING OF PIPE AND TUBE
124 IP-9.13 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
IP-9.13.1 Alignment
IP-9.13.2 Flanged Joints
IP-9.14 THREADED JOINTS
IP-9.15 TUBING JOINTS
IP-9.16 EXPANDED JOINTS AND SPECIAL JOINTS
IP-9.17 PIPE ATTACHMENTS AND SUPPORTS
IP-9.18 CLEANING OF PIPING
125 Figure IP-9.14-1 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads
126 Chapter IP-10 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
IP-10.1 SCOPE
IP-10.2 RESPONSIBILITY
IP-10.3 INSPECTIONS BY OWNERā€™S INSPECTOR
IP-10.4 EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS
IP-10.4.1 Quality Control Examinations
IP-10.4.2 Extent of Required NDE
127 IP-10.4.3 Acceptance Criteria
IP-10.4.4 Procedures
IP-10.4.5 Types of Examination
Table IP-10.4.2.2-1 Required Nondestructive Examinations Other Than VT
128 Table IP-10.4.3-1 Acceptance Criteria for Weldments and Methods for Evaluating Weld Imperfections
129 Table IP-10.4.3-2 Hardness Testing Acceptance Criteria for Weldments
Table IP-10.4.3-3 Criterion Value Notes for Table IP-10.4.3-1
130 IP-10.5 TESTING
IP-10.5.1 Required Leak Tests
131 IP-10.5.2 Requirements
IP-10.5.3 Preparation for Leak Test
IP-10.5.4 Limits of Tested Piping
132 IP-10.6 HYDROSTATIC LEAK TEST
IP-10.6.1 Test Fluid
IP-10.6.2 Test Pressure
IP-10.6.3 Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System
IP-10.7 PNEUMATIC LEAK TEST
IP-10.7.1 Precautions
IP-10.7.2 Pressure Relief Device
IP-10.7.3 Test Fluid
IP-10.7.4 Test Pressure
IP-10.7.5 Procedure
133 IP-10.8 HYDROSTATIC-PNEUMATIC LEAK TEST
IP-10.9 SENSITIVE LEAK TEST
IP-10.10 ALTERNATIVE LEAK TEST
IP-10.10.1 Examination of Welds
IP-10.10.2 Flexibility Analysis
IP-10.10.3 Test Method
IP-10.11 MECHANICAL AND METALLURGICAL TESTING
IP-10.12 RECORDS OF TESTING
134 PART PL PIPELINES
Chapter PL-1 Scope and Exclusions
PL-1.1 SCOPE
PL-1.2 CONTENT AND COVERAGE
PL-1.3 EXCLUSIONS
135 Chapter PL-2 Pipeline Systems Components and Fabrication Details
PL-2.1 PURPOSE
PL-2.2 PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
PL-2.2.1 Unlisted Components
PL-2.2.2 Valves and Pressure-Reducing Devices
PL-2.2.3 Flanges
136 PL-2.2.4 Fittings Other Than Valves and Flanges
137 PL-2.2.5 Pressure Design of Other Pressure-Containing Components
PL-2.2.6 Closures
PL-2.3 REINFORCEMENT OF FABRICATED BRANCH CONNECTIONS
PL-2.3.1 Branch Connection Requirements
138 PL-2.3.2 Special Requirements
139 PL-2.4 MULTIPLE OPENINGS AND EXTRUDED OUTLETS
PL-2.4.1 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings
PL-2.4.2 Extruded Outlets
Table PL-2.3.2-1 Reinforcement of Fabricated Branch Connections, Special Requirements
140 PL-2.5 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
PL-2.5.1 Application
PL-2.5.2 Amount of Expansion
PL-2.5.3 Flexibility Requirements
PL-2.5.4 Reactions
PL-2.5.5 Modulus of Elasticity
PL-2.6 DESIGN FOR LONGITUDINAL STRESS
PL-2.6.1 Restraint
Table PL-2.5.2-1 Thermal Expansion of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
141 PL-2.6.2 Calculation of Longitudinal Stress Components
PL-2.6.3 Summation of Longitudinal Stress in Restrained Pipe
Table PL-2.5.5-1 Modulus of Elasticity for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
142 PL-2.6.4 Combined Stress for Restrained Pipe
PL-2.6.5 Summation of Longitudinal Stresses in Unrestrained Pipe
PL-2.6.6 Flexibility Analysis for Unrestrained Piping
PL-2.6.7 Flexibility Stresses and Stresses Due to Periodic or Cyclic Loading
PL-2.6.8 Local Stresses
143 PL-2.7 SUPPORTS AND ANCHORAGE FOR EXPOSED PIPING
PL-2.7.1 Piping and Equipment
PL-2.7.2 Provision for Expansion
PL-2.7.3 Materials, Design, and Installation
PL-2.7.4 Forces on Pipe Joints
PL-2.7.5 Attachment of Supports or Anchors
PL-2.8 ANCHORAGE FOR BURIED PIPING
PL-2.8.1 Pipe Bends or Offsets
PL-2.8.2 Anchorage at Bends
PL-2.8.3 Restraint Due to Soil Friction
PL-2.8.4 Forces on Pipe Joints
PL-2.8.5 Supports for Buried Piping
144 PL-2.8.6 Interconnection of Underground Lines
145 Chapter PL-3 Design, Installation, and Testing
PL-3.1 PROVISIONS FOR DESIGN
PL-3.1.1 Conditions
PL-3.1.2 Quality
PL-3.1.3 Damage
PL-3.2 BUILDINGS INTENDED FOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY
PL-3.2.1 Determination of Number of Buildings Intended for Human Occupancy
146 PL-3.2.2 Location Classes for Design and Construction
PL-3.3 CONSIDERATIONS NECESSARY FOR CONCENTRATIONS OF PEOPLE IN LOCATION CLASS 1 OR CLASS 2
PL-3.3.1 Consequences of Failure
PL-3.3.2 Dense Concentration
PL-3.3.3 Low Concentration
PL-3.4 INTENT
PL-3.4.1 Definition
PL-3.4.2 Future Development
147 PL-3.5 RISK ASSESSMENT
PL-3.6 LOCATION CLASS AND CHANGES IN NUMBER OF BUILDINGS INTENDED FOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY
PL-3.6.1 Continuing Surveillance
Table PL-3.6.1-1 Location Class
148 PL-3.6.2 Confirmation or Revision of MAOP
PL-3.6.3 Pressure-Relieving or Limiting Devices
PL-3.6.4 Review of Valve Locations
PL-3.6.5 Concentrations of People in Location Classes 1 and 2
149 PL-3.7 STEEL PIPELINE
PL-3.7.1 Steel Piping Systems Design Requirements
Table PL-3.7.1-1 Basic Design Factor, F (Used With Option A)
150 Table PL-3.7.1-2 Basic Design Factor, F (Used With Option B)
Table PL-3.7.1-3 Temperature Derating Factor, T, for Steel Pipe
151 Table PL-3.7.1-4 Nominal Chemical Composition Within a Specification/Grade
152 PL-3.7.2 Protection of Pipelines and Mains From Hazards
Table PL-3.7.1-5 Material Constants for Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, da/dN
153 Table PL-3.7.1-6 Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction (Used With Option A)
Table PL-3.7.1-7 Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction (Used With Option B)
154 PL-3.7.3 Cover, Clearance, and Casing Requirements for Buried Steel Pipelines and Mains
PL-3.7.4 Installation of Steel Pipelines and Mains ā€” Construction Specifications
155 PL-3.7.5 Bends, Elbows, and Miters in Steel Pipelines and Mains
PL-3.7.6 Pipe Surface Requirements Applicable to Pipelines and Mains to Operate at a Hoop Stress of 20% or More of the SMYS
Table PL-3.7.5-1 Maximum Degree of Bending
156 PL-3.7.7 Miscellaneous Operations Involved in the Installation of Steel Pipelines and Mains
PL-3.8 HOT TAPS
PL-3.9 PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN-AIR MIXTURES DURING CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS
PL-3.9.1 Leakage Prevention
157 PL-3.9.2 Purging of Pipelines
PL-3.9.3 Accidental Ignition
PL-3.10 TESTING AFTER CONSTRUCTION
PL-3.10.1 Pipeline Testing
PL-3.10.2 Test Required to Prove Strength of Pipelines and Mains
PL-3.10.3 Test Level
PL-3.10.4 Crossings
PL-3.10.5 Location Classes 3 and 4
PL-3.10.6 Records
PL-3.10.7 Leak Tests for Pipelines or Mains
158 PL-3.11 COMMISSIONING OF FACILITIES
PL-3.11.1 Procedures
PL-3.11.2 Cleaning and Drying Procedures
PL-3.11.3 Functional Testing of Equipment and Systems
PL-3.11.4 Start-Up Procedures and Introduction of Transported Hydrogen Gas
PL-3.11.5 Documentation and Records
PL-3.12 PIPE-TYPE AND BOTTLE-TYPE HOLDERS
PL-3.12.1 Pipe-Type Holders
PL-3.12.2 Bottle-Type Holders
PL-3.12.3 Installation of Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders
PL-3.12.4 Special Provisions Applicable to Bottle-Type Holders Only
159 PL-3.12.5 General Provisions Applicable to Both Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders
PL-3.13 CONTROL AND LIMITING OF HYDROGEN GAS PRESSURE
PL-3.13.1 Basic Requirement for Protection Against Accidental Overpressuring
PL-3.13.2 Control and Limiting of Gas Pressure in Holders, Pipelines, and All Facilities That Might at Times Be Bottle Tight
PL-3.13.3 Control and Limiting of Hydrogen Gas Pressure in High-Pressure Steel Distribution Systems
PL-3.13.4 MAOP for High-Pressure Distribution Systems
160 PL-3.13.5 Control and Limiting of the Pressure of Hydrogen Gas Delivered From High-Pressure Distribution Systems
PL-3.13.6 Requirements for Design of Pressure-Relief and Pressure-Limiting Installations
161 PL-3.14 UPRATING
162 PL-3.15 VALVES
PL-3.15.1 Required Spacing of Valves
PL-3.15.2 Spacing of Valves on Distribution Mains
163 PL-3.15.3 Location of Valves
PL-3.16 VAULT PROVISIONS FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND INSTALLATION OF PIPELINE COMPONENTS
164 PL-3.17 LOCATION FOR CUSTOMERSā€™ METER AND REGULATOR INSTALLATIONS
PL-3.18 HYDROGEN GAS SERVICE LINES
PL-3.18.1 General Provisions Applicable to Steel Lines
165 PL-3.18.2 Steel Service Lines
PL-3.19 INSTALLATION INSPECTION
PL-3.19.1 Weld Examination Requirements
166 PL-3.19.2 Visual Examination and Acceptance Criteria
PL-3.19.3 Radiographic Examination
PL-3.19.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
PL-3.19.5 Magnetic Particle Examination
PL-3.19.6 Ultrasonic Examination
167 PL-3.19.7 Hardness Control and Testing
PL-3.20 REPAIR OR REMOVAL OF DEFECTIVE WELDS IN PIPING INTENDED TO OPERATE AT HOOP STRESS LEVELS OF 20% OR MORE OF THE SMYS
PL-3.21 STEEL PIPELINE SERVICE CONVERSIONS
169 MANDATORY APPENDICES
MANDATORY APPENDIX I DESIGN OF ABOVEGROUND HYDROGEN GAS PIPELINE FACILITIES
I-1 COMPRESSOR STATIONS
171 I-2 DESIGN OF INSTRUMENT, CONTROL, AND SAMPLE PIPING
I-3 MISCELLANEOUS PIPING ASSEMBLIES
174 MANDATORY APPENDIX II REFERENCE STANDARDS
177 MANDATORY APPENDIX III SAFEGUARDING
III-1 SCOPE
III-2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
III-3 SAFEGUARDING BY PLANT LAYOUT AND OPERATION
III-4 ENGINEERED SAFEGUARDS
179 MANDATORY APPENDIX IV NOMENCLATURE
184 MANDATORY APPENDIX VII GAS LEAKAGE AND CONTROL CRITERIA
VII-1 SCOPE
VII-2 DEFINITIONS
VII-3 LEAKAGE SURVEY AND TEST METHODS
186 VII-4 INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF GAS
VII-5 LEAKAGE CLASSIFICATION AND ACTION CRITERIA
187 Table VII-5.3-1 Leak Classification and Action Criteria: Grade 1
Table VII-5.3-2 Leak Classification and Action Criteria: Grade 2
188 Table VII-5.3-3 Leak Classification and Action Criteria: Grade 3
VII-6 PINPOINTING
189 MANDATORY APPENDIX IX ALLOWABLE STRESSES AND QUALITY FACTORS FOR METALLIC PIPING, PIPELINE, AND BOLTING MATERIALS
IX-1 INTRODUCTION
IX-2 TABLE IX-1
IX-3 TABLE IX-3
IX-4 TABLE IX-4
IX-5 TABLE IX-5
191 Table IX-1A Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metal Piping Materials
222 Table IX-1B SMYS for Steel Pipe Commonly Used in Pipeline Systems
223 Table IX-2 Basic Casting Quality Factors, Ec
224 Table IX-3A Basic Quality Factors for Longitudinal Weld Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Fittings, Ej
227 Table IX-3B Longitudinal Joints Factors for Pipeline Materials
229 Table IX-4 Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials
238 Table IX-5A Carbon Steel Pipeline Materials Performance Factor, Hf
Table IX-5B Carbon Steel Piping Materials Performance Factor, Mf
Table IX-5C Low and Intermediate Alloy Steels Performance Factor, Mf
239 NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A PRECAUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS
A-1 GENERAL
A-2 MATERIALS
240 Table A-2-1 Materials Compatible With Hydrogen Service
242 A-3 WELDING, BRAZING, HEAT TREATING, FORMING, AND TESTING (SEE CHAPTER GR-3)
244 Figure A-3.5-1 Weld Quality Illustrations for Autogenous Welded Pipe or Tube
245 A-4 GENERAL INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING ā€” SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS (SEE PARA. GR-4.1)
A-5 INDUSTRIAL PIPING DESIGN CONDITIONS (SEE CHAPTER IP-2)
246 A-6 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS ā€” EXPANSION JOINTS (SEE PARA. IP-3.8.4)
A-7 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR VALVES AND SPECIALTY PIPING COMPONENTS (SEE PARA. IP-4.1)
A-8 SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL PIPING SYSTEMS ā€” STOP VALVES IN PRESSURE RELIEF PIPING (SEE PARA. IP-7.2.1)
A-9 INDUSTRIAL PIPING FABRICATION, ERECTION, AND ASSEMBLY
247 A-10 INDUSTRIAL PIPING INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING
248 A-11 PREHEATING FOR PIPELINE (SEE PARA. PL-3.19)
249 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B ALTERNATIVE RULES FOR EVALUATING STRESS RANGE
B-1 GENERAL
B-2 LIMITS OF CALCULATED STRESSES DUE TO SUSTAINED LOADS AND DISPLACEMENT STRAINS
B-3 FLEXIBILITY STRESSES
B-4 REQUIRED WELD QUALITY ASSURANCE
B-5 REACTIONS
250 B-6 MAXIMUM REACTIONS FOR SIMPLE SYSTEMS
B-7 MAXIMUM REACTIONS FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS
251 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR PROOF TESTING OF PIPELINES IN PLACE
C-1 INTRODUCTION
C-2 HYDROSTATIC TESTING
252 C-3 PNEUMATIC TESTING
254 Figure D-1-1 Method for Estimating Strain in Dents
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D ESTIMATING STRAIN IN DENTS
D-1 STRAIN
D-2 ESTIMATING STRAIN
255 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR BRANCH REINFORCEMENT IN PIPING
E-1 INTRODUCTION
E-2 EXAMPLE 1
E-3 EXAMPLE 2
256 Figure E-2-1 Illustrations for Examples in Nonmandatory Appendix E
257 E-4 EXAMPLE 3
258 E-5 EXAMPLE 4
E-6 EXAMPLE 5 (NOT ILLUSTRATED)
260 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS AND EXTRUDED HEADERS IN PIPELINE SYSTEMS
F-1 DEFINITIONS AND LIMITATIONS
F-2 EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING THE APPLICATION OF THE RULES FOR REINFORCEMENT OF WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS
261 Figure F-1-1
Figure F-1-2
262 Figure F-1-3
Figure F-1-4
263 Figure F-2.1-1
264 Figure F-2.1.5-1
265 Figure F-2.2-1
266 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX G GUIDELINE FOR HIGHER FRACTURE TOUGHNESS STEEL IN GASEOUS HYDROGEN SERVICE FOR PIPELINES AND PIPING SYSTEMS
G-1 MICROSTRUCTURE
ASME B31.12 2023
$75.42