ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922. ASME B31.3 contains requirements for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals. It covers materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. This Code applies to piping for all fluids including: raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; petroleum products; gas, steam, air and water; fluidized solids; refrigerants; and cryogenic fluids. Also included is piping that interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged equipment assembly. Key changes to this revision include: Stress Range Factor (para. 302.3.5) Fillet Welds (para. 328.5.2) Fabricated Laps (para. 328.5.5) Attachment Welds (para. 328.7 & 341.4) Postweld Hydrogen Bakeout (paras. 300.2 & 331.1.2) Progressive Sampling for Examination (para. 341.3.4) Weld Acceptance Criteria (Table 341.3.2) Examination Personnel Qualification (para. 342.1) Leak Test Gauges (para. 345.2.2(d)) Pneumatic Leak Test Preliminary Check (para. 345.5.5) Weld Coupon Examination (para. U341.4.5) External Loads on Flanges (para. F312.1) Allowable Stresses for High Pressure Piping (Appendix K) B31.3 is one of ASME’s most requested codes. It serves as a companion to ASME’s B31.1 Code on Power Piping as well as to the other codes in ASME’s B31 series. Together, they remain essential references for anyone engaged with piping.

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5	CONTENTS
16	FOREWORD
18	ASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER
23	INTRODUCTION
25	ASME B31.3-2022 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
29	Chapter I Scope and Definitions 300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
30	300.1 Scope
31	300.2 Definitions Figures Figure 300.1.1 Diagram Illustrating Application of B31.3 Piping at Equipment
38	300.3 Nomenclature 300.4 Status of Appendices Table 300.4 Status of Appendices in ASME B31.3 Tables Table 300.4 Status of Appendices in ASME B31.3
39	Chapter II Design PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA 301 DESIGN CONDITIONS 301.1 Qualifications of the Designer 301.2 Design Pressure 301.3 Design Temperature
40	301.4 Ambient Effects 301.5 Dynamic Effects 301.6 Weight Effects
41	301.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects 301.8 Effects of Support, Anchor, and Terminal Movements 301.9 Reduced Ductility Effects 301.10 Cyclic Effects 301.11 Air Condensation Effects 302 DESIGN CRITERIA 302.1 General 302.2 Pressure–Temperature Design Criteria
42	302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits
44	Table 302.3.3C Increased Casting Quality Factors, Ec
45	Table 302.3.3D Acceptance Levels for Castings
46	Table 302.3.4 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej
47	Figure 302.3.5 Stress Range Factor, f
48	Table 302.3.5 Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factor, W
50	302.4 Allowances 302.5 Mechanical Strength PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS 303 GENERAL 304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS 304.1 Straight Pipe
51	304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe Table 304.1.1 Values of Coefficient Y for t < D/6
52	Figure 304.2.1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends Figure 304.2.3 Nomenclature for Miter Bends
53	304.3 Branch Connections
54	Figure 304.3.3 Branch Connection Nomenclature
56	Figure 304.3.4 Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature
58	304.4 Closures Table 304.4.1 ASME BPVC References for Closures
59	304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks 304.6 Reducers
60	304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components Figure 304.5.3 Blanks
61	PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS 305 PIPE 305.1 General 305.2 Specific Requirements 306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS 306.1 Pipe Fittings
62	306.2 Pipe Bends 306.3 Miter Bends 306.4 Laps 306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections 306.6 Thermowells
63	307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS 307.1 General 307.2 Specific Requirements 308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS 308.1 General 308.2 Specific Requirements for Flanges Table 308.2.1 Permissible Sizes/Rating Classes for Slip-On Flanges Used as Lapped Flanges
64	308.3 Flange Facings 308.4 Gaskets 309 BOLTING 309.1 General 309.2 Specific Bolting 309.3 Tapped Holes PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS 310 GENERAL 311 WELDED JOINTS 311.1 General 311.2 Specific Requirements
65	312 FLANGED JOINTS 312.1 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings 312.2 Metal to Nonmetal Flanged Joints 312.3 Flanged Joint Assembly 313 EXPANDED JOINTS 314 THREADED JOINTS 314.1 General 314.2 Specific Requirements
66	315 TUBING JOINTS 315.1 General 315.2 Joints Conforming to Listed Standards 315.3 Joints Not Conforming to Listed Standards 316 CAULKED JOINTS 317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS 317.1 Soldered Joints 317.2 Brazed and Braze Welded Joints 318 SPECIAL JOINTS 318.1 General 318.2 Specific Requirements Table 314.2.1 Minimum Schedule of Components With External Threads
67	PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT 319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY 319.1 Requirements 319.2 Concepts
68	319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis
69	319.4 Flexibility Analysis
70	319.5 Reactions Figure 319.4.4 AMoments in Bends
71	319.6 Calculation of Movements Figure 319.4.4B Moments in Branch Connections
72	319.7 Means of Increasing Flexibility 320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS 320.1 Basic Assumptions and Requirements 320.2 Stress Due to Sustained Loads
73	321 PIPING SUPPORT 321.1 General 321.2 Fixtures
74	321.3 Structural Attachments
75	321.4 Structural Connections PART 6 SYSTEMS 322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS 322.3 Instrument Piping 322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems
77	Chapter III Materials 323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 323.1 Materials and Specifications 323.2 Temperature Limitations
78	Table 323.2.2 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals
80	Figure 323.2.2A Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials
81	Figure 323.2.2B Reduction in Lowest Exemption Temperature for Steels Without Impact Testing
82	Table 323.2.2A Tabular Values for Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials
83	323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
84	Table 323.2.2B Tabular Values for Reduction in Lowest Exemption Temperature for Steels Without Impact Testing
85	Table 323.3.1 Impact Testing Requirements for Metals
86	323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Materials Table 323.3.4 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction
87	Table 323.3.5 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values
88	323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service 325 MATERIALS — MISCELLANEOUS 325.1 Joining and Auxiliary Materials
89	Chapter IV Standards for Piping Components 326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS 326.1 Dimensional Requirements 326.2 Ratings of Components 326.3 Reference Documents
90	Table 326.1 Component Standards
93	Chapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection 327 GENERAL 328 WELDING AND BRAZING 328.1 Responsibility 328.2 Welding and Brazing Qualification 328.3 Welding Materials
94	328.4 Preparation for Welding
95	Figure 328.3.2 Typical Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts Figure 328.4.2 Typical Butt Weld End Preparation
96	328.5 Welding Requirements Figure 328.4.3 Trimming and Permitted Misalignment
97	Figure 328.4.4 Preparation for Branch Connections Figure 328.5.2A Fillet and Socket Weld Sizes Figure 328.5.2B Minimum Attachment Weld Dimensions for Double-Welded Slip-On and Socket Welding Flanges
98	Figure 328.5.2C Minimum Attachment Weld Dimensions for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges Figures 328.5.4A, B, C Typical Welded Branch Connections
99	Figure 328.5.4D Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Welds Figure 328.5.4E Acceptable Details for Branch Attachments Suitable for 100% Radiography
100	Figure 328.5.4F Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Branch Connections
101	328.6 Weld Repair 328.7 Attachment Welds 330 PREHEATING 330.1 General Figure 328.5.5 Typical Details for Fabricated Laps
102	Table 330.1.1 Preheat Temperatures
103	330.2 Specific Requirements 331 HEAT TREATMENT 331.1 General
104	Table 331.1.1 Postweld Heat Treatment
105	Table 331.1.2 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, P-Nos. 1 and 3
106	Table 331.1.3 Exemptions to Mandatory Postweld Heat Treatment
108	331.2 Specific Requirements
109	332 BENDING AND FORMING 332.1 General 332.2 Bending 332.3 Forming 332.4 Required Heat Treatment 333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING 333.1 Qualification
110	333.2 Brazing and Soldering Materials 333.3 Preparation and Cleaning 335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION 335.1 Alignment 335.2 Flanged Joints 335.3 Threaded Joints 335.4 Tubing Joints
111	335.5 Caulked Joints 335.6 Expanded Joints and Special Joints 335.9 Cleaning of Piping 335.10 Identification of Piping Figure 335.3.3 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads
112	Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing 340 INSPECTION 340.1 General 340.2 Responsibility for Inspection 340.3 Rights of the Owner’s Inspector 340.4 Qualifications of the Owner’s Inspector 341 EXAMINATION 341.1 General 341.2 Responsibility for Examination 341.3 Examination Requirements
113	341.4 Extent of Required Examination
114	Figure 341.3.2 Typical Weld Imperfections
115	Table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds — Visual and Radiographic Examination
119	341.5 Supplementary Examination 342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL 342.1 Personnel Qualification and Certification 342.2 Specific Requirement 343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
120	344 EXAMINATION METHODS 344.1 General 344.2 Visual Examination 344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination 344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
121	344.5 Radiographic Examination 344.6 Ultrasonic Examination 344.7 In-Process Examination 345 TESTING 345.1 Required Leak Test
122	345.2 General Requirements for Leak Tests
123	345.3 Preparation for Leak Test
124	345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test 345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test 345.6 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Leak Test 345.7 Initial Service Leak Test
125	345.8 Sensitive Leak Test 345.9 Alternative Leak Test 346 RECORDS 346.2 Responsibility 346.3 Retention of Records
126	Chapter VII Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals A300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA A301 DESIGN CONDITIONS A301.2 Design Pressure A301.3 Design Temperature A302 DESIGN CRITERIA A302.1 General A302.2 Pressure–Temperature Design Criteria
127	A302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits
128	A302.4 Allowances PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS A303 GENERAL A304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS A304.1 Straight Pipe
129	A304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe A304.3 Branch Connections A304.4 Closures A304.5 Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Flanges A304.6 Reducers A304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components
130	PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS A305 PIPE A306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS A306.1 Pipe Fittings A306.2 Pipe Bends A306.3 Miter Bends A306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps A306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections A307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS A308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS A308.1 General
131	A308.2 Nonmetallic Flanges A308.3 Flange Facings A308.4 Limitations on Gaskets A309 BOLTING A309.1 General A309.2 Specific Bolting A309.3 Tapped Holes in Nonmetallic Components PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS A310 GENERAL A311 BONDED JOINTS IN PLASTICS A311.1 General A311.2 Specific Requirements A312 FLANGED JOINTS A313 EXPANDED JOINTS A314 THREADED JOINTS A314.1 General A314.2 Specific Requirements
132	A315 TUBING JOINTS A316 CAULKED JOINTS A318 SPECIAL JOINTS A318.1 General A318.2 Specific Requirements A318.3 Piping Lined With Nonmetals A318.4 Flexible Elastomeric Sealed Joints PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT A319 FLEXIBILITY OF NONMETALLIC PIPING AND PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS A319.1 Requirements
133	A319.2 Concepts A319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis A319.4 Analysis
134	A319.5 Reactions A319.6 Movements A319.7 Means of Increasing Flexibility A321 PIPING SUPPORT A321.5 Supports for Nonmetallic Piping A321.6 Supports for Piping Lined With Nonmetals PART 6 SYSTEMS A322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS A322.3 Instrument Piping A322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems
135	PART 7 MATERIALS A323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A323.1 Materials and Specifications A323.2 Temperature Limitations A323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials
136	A323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service A325 MATERIALS — MISCELLANEOUS PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS A326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS A326.1 Requirements Table A323.2.2 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Nonmetals Table A323.4.2C Recommended Temperature Limits for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe Table A323.4.3 Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastics Used as Linings
137	A326.4 Abbreviations in Table A326.1 and Appendix B PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION A327 GENERAL A328 BONDING OF PLASTICS A328.1 Bonding Responsibility A328.2 Bonding Qualifications
138	Table A326.1 Component Standards
140	A328.3 Bonding Materials and Equipment A328.4 Preparation for Bonding A328.5 Bonding Requirements
141	Figure A328.5.3 Thermoplastic Solvent Cemented Joint
142	Figure A328.5.4 Thermoplastic Heat Fusion Joints Figure A328.5.5 Thermoplastic Electrofusion Joints Figure A328.5.6 Fully Tapered Thermosetting Adhesive Joint
143	A328.6 Bonding Repair A328.7 Seal Bonds A329 FABRICATION OF PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS A329.1 Welding of Metallic Piping A329.2 Flaring of Nonmetallic Linings A332 BENDING AND FORMING A332.1 General A332.2 Bending A332.3 Forming A334 JOINING NONPLASTIC PIPING A334.1 Borosilicate Glass Piping A334.2 Repair of Defects Figure A328.5.7 Thermosetting Wrapped Joints
144	A335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION A335.1 Alignment A335.2 Flanged and Mechanical Joints A335.3 Threaded Joints A335.4 Tubing Joints A335.5 Caulked Joints A335.6 Special Joints A335.8 Assembly of Brittle Piping A335.9 Cleaning of Piping
145	PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING A340 INSPECTION A341 EXAMINATION A341.1 General A341.2 Responsibility for Examination A341.3 Examination Requirements A341.4 Extent of Required Examination A341.5 Supplementary Examination A342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL Table A341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Bonds
146	A343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES A344 EXAMINATION METHODS A344.1 General A344.2 Visual Examination A344.5 Radiographic Examination A344.6 Ultrasonic Examination A344.7 In-Process Examination A345 TESTING A345.1 Required Leak Test A345.2 General Requirements for Leak Test A345.3 Preparation for Leak Test A345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test A345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test A345.6 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Leak Test A345.7 Initial Service Leak Test A345.8 Sensitive Leak Test A346 RECORDS
147	Chapter VIII Piping for Category M Fluid Service M300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA M301 DESIGN CONDITIONS M301.3 Design Temperature, Metallic Piping M301.5 Dynamic Effects M302 DESIGN CRITERIA M302.1 General PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS M303 GENERAL M304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF METALLIC COMPONENTS PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS M305 PIPE M305.1 General
148	M305.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Pipe M306 METALLIC FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS M306.1 Pipe Fittings M306.2 Pipe Bends M306.3 Miter Bends M306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps M306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections M306.6 Closures M307 METALLIC VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS M307.1 General M307.2 Specific Requirements M308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS M308.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Flanges
149	M308.3 Flange Facings M308.4 Gaskets M308.5 Blanks M309 BOLTING PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC PIPING JOINTS M310 METALLIC PIPING, GENERAL M311 WELDED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M311.1 General M311.2 Specific Requirements M312 FLANGED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M313 EXPANDED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M314 THREADED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M314.1 General M314.2 Specific Requirements M315 TUBING JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M316 CAULKED JOINTS M317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS M318 SPECIAL JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF METALLIC PIPING M319 FLEXIBILITY OF METALLIC PIPING M320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS M321 PIPING SUPPORT
150	PART 6 SYSTEMS M322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS M322.3 Instrument Piping M322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems PART 7 METALLIC MATERIALS M323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS M323.1 Materials and Specifications M323.2 Temperature Limitations M323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria M323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Metallic Materials M323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service M325 MATERIALS — MISCELLANEOUS M325.1 Joining and Auxiliary Materials PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS M326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS M326.1 Dimensional Requirements M326.2 Ratings of Components
151	M326.3 Reference Documents PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING M327 GENERAL M328 WELDING OF METALS M328.3 Welding Materials M330 PREHEATING OF METALS M331 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS M332 BENDING AND FORMING OF METALS M335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING M335.1 General M335.2 Flanged Joints M335.3 Threaded Joints M335.4 Tubing Joints M335.6 Special Joints M335.9 Cleaning of Piping M335.10 Identification of Piping PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, TESTING, AND RECORDS OF METALLIC PIPING M340 INSPECTION M341 EXAMINATION M341.4 Extent of Required Examination
152	M342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL M343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES M344 EXAMINATION METHODS M345 TESTING M346 RECORDS PARTS 11 THROUGH 20 CORRESPONDING TO CHAPTER VII MA300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 11 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA MA301 DESIGN CONDITIONS MA302 DESIGN CRITERIA MA302.2 Pressure–Temperature Design Criteria MA302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits MA302.4 Allowances PART 12 PRESSURE DESIGN OF NONMETALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS MA303 GENERAL MA304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF NONMETALLIC COMPONENTS PART 13 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS MA305 PIPE MA306 NONMETALLIC FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS MA306.3 Miter Bends MA306.4 Fabricated Laps MA306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections
153	MA307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS MA308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS MA308.2 Nonmetallic Flanges MA309 BOLTING PART 14 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING JOINTS MA310 GENERAL MA311 BONDED JOINTS MA311.1 General MA311.2 Specific Requirements MA312 FLANGED JOINTS MA313 EXPANDED JOINTS MA314 THREADED JOINTS MA314.1 General MA315 TUBING JOINTS IN NONMETALLIC PIPING MA316 CAULKED JOINTS MA318 SPECIAL JOINTS PART 15 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF NONMETALLIC PIPING MA319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY MA321 PIPING SUPPORT PART 16 NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC-LINED SYSTEMS MA322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS PART 17 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS MA323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MA323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials
154	PART 18 STANDARDS FOR NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC-LINED PIPING COMPONENTS MA326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS PART 19 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION OF NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC-LINED PIPING MA327 GENERAL MA328 BONDING OF PLASTICS MA329 FABRICATION OF PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS MA332 BENDING AND FORMING MA334 JOINING NONPLASTIC PIPING MA335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION PART 20 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, TESTING, AND RECORDS OF NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC-LINED PIPING MA340 INSPECTION MA341 EXAMINATION MA341.1 General MA341.4 Extent of Required Examination MA342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL MA343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES MA344 EXAMINATION METHODS MA345 TESTING MA346 RECORDS
155	Chapter IX High Pressure Piping K300 GENERAL STATEMENTS K300.1 Scope K300.2 Definitions K300.3 Nomenclature K300.4 Status of Appendices PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA K301 DESIGN CONDITIONS K301.2 Design Pressure K301.3 Design Temperature
156	K301.4 Ambient Effects K301.5 Dynamic Effects K301.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects K302 DESIGN CRITERIA K302.1 General K302.2 Pressure–Temperature Design Criteria K302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits
158	K302.4 Allowances K302.5 Mechanical Strength PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS K303 GENERAL K304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF HIGH PRESSURE COMPONENTS K304.1 Straight Pipe Table K302.3.3D Acceptable Severity Levels for Steel Castings
159	K304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe K304.3 Branch Connections
160	K304.4 Closures K304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks K304.6 Reducers K304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components
161	K304.8 Fatigue Analysis PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS K305 PIPE
162	K305.1 Requirements K306 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS K306.1 Pipe Fittings K306.2 Pipe Bends K306.3 Miter Bends K306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps K306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections K307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS K307.1 General K307.2 Specific Requirements Table K305.1.2 Required Ultrasonic or Eddy Current Examination of Pipe and Tubing for Longitudinal Defects
163	K308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS K308.1 General K308.2 Specific Flanges K308.3 Flange Facings K308.4 Gaskets K308.5 Blanks K309 BOLTING PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS K310 GENERAL K311 WELDED JOINTS K311.1 General K311.2 Specific Requirements K312 FLANGED JOINTS K312.1 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings K313 EXPANDED JOINTS K314 THREADED PIPE JOINTS K314.1 General K314.2 Taper-Threaded Pipe Joints
164	K314.3 Straight-Threaded Pipe Joints K315 TUBING JOINTS K315.1 Flared End Tubing Joints K315.2 Flareless Tubing Joints Using Components Conforming to Listed Standards K315.3 Flareless Tubing Joints Using Components Not Conforming to Listed Standards K316 CAULKED JOINTS K317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS K317.1 Soldered Joints K317.2 Brazed and Braze Welded Joints K318 SPECIAL JOINTS K318.1 General K318.2 Specific Requirements PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT K319 FLEXIBILITY
165	K320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS K320.1 Basic Assumptions and Requirements K320.2 Stress Due to Sustained Loads K321 PIPING SUPPORT K321.1 General K321.3 Structural Attachments PART 6 SYSTEMS K322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS K322.3 Instrument Piping K322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems PART 7 MATERIALS K323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS K323.1 Materials and Specifications
166	K323.2 Temperature Limitations K323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
167	Table K323.3.1 Impact Testing Requirements
168	Figure K323.3.3 Example of an Acceptable Impact Test Specimen
169	K323.4 Requirements for Materials K323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service K325 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS K326 REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPONENTS K326.1 Dimensional Requirements Table K323.3.5 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values
170	K326.2 Ratings of Components K326.3 Reference Documents Table K326.1 Component Standards
171	K326.4 Repair of Piping Components by Welding PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION K327 GENERAL K328 WELDING K328.1 Welding Responsibility K328.2 Welding Qualifications K328.3 Materials
172	K328.4 Preparation for Welding K328.5 Welding Requirements K328.6 Weld Repair Figure K328.4.3 Pipe Bored for Alignment: Trimming and Permitted Misalignment
173	K330 PREHEATING K330.1 General K330.2 Specific Requirements K331 HEAT TREATMENT K331.1 General Figure K328.5.4 Some Acceptable Welded Branch Connections Suitable for 100% Radiography
174	K331.2 Specific Requirements K332 BENDING AND FORMING K332.1 General K332.2 Bending K332.3 Forming K332.4 Required Heat Treatment K333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING K333.1 Brazing Responsibility
175	K333.2 Brazing Qualifications K333.3 Materials K333.4 Preparation and Cleaning K335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION K335.3 Threaded Joints K335.4 Special Joints K335.5 Cleaning of Piping PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING K340 INSPECTION K341 EXAMINATION K341.3 Examination Requirements
176	K341.4 Extent of Required Examination K341.5 Supplementary Examination K342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL K343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES K344 EXAMINATION METHODS K344.1 General K344.2 Visual Examination K344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination K344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
177	Table K341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds
179	K344.5 Radiographic Examination K344.6 Ultrasonic Examination K344.7 In-Process Examination K344.8 Eddy Current Examination K345 LEAK TESTING K345.1 Required Leak Test
180	K345.2 General Requirements for Leak Tests K345.3 Preparation for Leak Test K345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test K345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test
181	K345.6 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Leak Test for Components and Welds K346 RECORDS K346.1 Responsibility K346.2 Required Records K346.3 Retention of Records
182	Chapter X High Purity Piping U300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA U301 DESIGN CONDITIONS U301.3 Design Temperature PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS U306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS U306.6 Tube Fittings U307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS U307.3 High Purity Fluid Service Valves U308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
183	PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS U311 WELDED JOINTS U311.1 General U314 THREADED JOINTS U315 TUBING JOINTS U315.1 General U315.2 Joints Conforming to Listed Standards U315.3 Joints Not Conforming to Listed Standards PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT U319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY U319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis Figure U304.5.3 Blanks
184	PART 6 SYSTEMS PART 7 METALLIC MATERIALS PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION U327 GENERAL U328 WELDING U328.2 Welding and Brazing Qualification U328.4 Preparation for Welding U328.5 Welding Requirements U330 PREHEATING
185	U331 HEAT TREATMENT U332 BENDING AND FORMING U333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING U335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION U335.7 Face Seal Joints U335.8 Hygienic Clamp Joint Assembly PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING U340 INSPECTION Figure U328.4.2 Modified Pipe End Preparations
186	U341 EXAMINATION U341.3 Examination Requirements U341.4 Extent of Required Examination U342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL U342.2 Specific Requirement Figure U335.7.1 Face Seal Joints Figure U335.8A Hygienic Clamp Joint Assembly
187	U343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES U344 EXAMINATION METHODS U344.2 Visual Examination U344.8 Weld Coupon Examination Figure U335.8B Hygienic Clamp Types Figure U335.8C Hygienic Ferrules
188	U345 TESTING U345.1 Required Leak Test U345.8 Sensitive Leak Test U345.9 Alternative Leak Test U346 RECORDS U346.2 Responsibility U346.3 Retention of Records PART 11 HIGH PURITY PIPING IN CATEGORY M FLUID SERVICE UM300 GENERAL STATEMENTS UM307 METALLIC VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS UM307.2 Specific Requirements UM322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
189	UM322.3 Instrument Piping UM328 WELDING OF MATERIALS UM335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING UM341 EXAMINATION UM341.4 Extent of Required Examination UM345 TESTING
190	APPENDICES APPENDIX A ALLOWABLE STRESSES AND QUALITY FACTORS FOR METALLIC PIPING AND BOLTING MATERIALS
191	Specification Index for Appendix A
195	NOTES FOR TABLES A-1 and A-1M
198	Table A-1 Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals
278	Table A-1M Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals (SI Units)
388	Table A-1A Basic Casting Quality Factors, Ec
390	Table A-1B Basic Quality Factors for Longitudinal Weld Joints in Pipes and Tubes, Ej
394	NOTES FOR TABLES A-2 and A-2M
396	Table A-2 Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials
406	Table A-2M Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials (SI Units)
422	APPENDIX B STRESS TABLES AND ALLOWABLE PRESSURE TABLES FOR NONMETALS
423	Specification Index for Appendix B
424	Table B-1 Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Pipe
426	Table B-1M Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Pipe (SI Units)
427	Table B-2 Listed Specifications for Laminated Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe Table B-3 Listed Specifications for Filament Wound and Centrifugally Cast Reinforced Thermosetting Resin and Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pipe
428	Table B-4 Allowable Pressures and Recommended Temperature Limits for Concrete Pipe Table B-5 Allowable Pressures and Recommended Temperature Limits for Borosilicate Glass Pipe
429	Table B-6 Allowable Pressures and Recommended Temperature Limits for PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE Pipe
430	APPENDIX C PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PIPING MATERIALS
431	Table C-1 Thermal Expansion Data
434	Table C-1M Thermal Expansion Data (SI Units)
439	Table C-5 Thermal Expansion Coefficients, Nonmetals
441	Table C-6 Moduli of Elasticity for Metals
445	Table C-6M Moduli of Elasticity for Metals (SI Units)
449	Table C-8 Modulus of Elasticity for Nonmetals
451	APPENDIX D FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS
452	APPENDIX E REFERENCE STANDARDS
457	APPENDIX F GUIDANCE AND PRECAUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS F300 GENERAL F301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
458	F302 DESIGN CRITERIA F304 PRESSURE DESIGN
459	F307 VALVES F308 FLANGES AND GASKETS F309 BOLTING F312 FLANGED JOINTS F319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY
460	F321 PIPING SUPPORT F322 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS F323 MATERIALS
462	F331 HEAT TREATMENT F335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION F341 EXAMINATION F345 TESTING
463	FA323 MATERIALS FA328 BONDING OF PLASTICS FK300 GENERAL STATEMENTS FU315 HYGIENIC CLAMP JOINTS
464	APPENDIX G SAFEGUARDING G300 SCOPE
466	APPENDIX H SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR BRANCH REINFORCEMENT H300 INTRODUCTION (SI UNITS) H301 EXAMPLE 1 H302 EXAMPLE 2
467	Figure H301 Illustrations for SI Units Examples in Appendix H
468	H303 EXAMPLE 3
469	H304 EXAMPLE 4
470	H305 EXAMPLE 5 (Not Illustrated) H310 INTRODUCTION (U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS) H311 EXAMPLE 1 H312 EXAMPLE 2
471	Figure H311 Illustrations for U.S. Customary Units Examples in Appendix H
472	H313 EXAMPLE 3
473	H314 EXAMPLE 4
474	H315 EXAMPLE 5 (Not Illustrated)
475	APPENDIX J NOMENCLATURE
491	APPENDIX K ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR HIGH PRESSURE PIPING
492	Specification Index for Appendix K
493	NOTES FOR TABLES K-1 and K-1M
494	Table K-1 Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals for Chapter IX
508	Table K-1M Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals for Chapter IX (SI Units)
520	APPENDIX L ALUMINUM ALLOY PIPE FLANGES L300 GENERAL L301 PRESSURE–TEMPERATURE RATINGS L302 MARKING
521	Table L301.2M Pressure–Temperature Ratings (SI Units) Table L301.2U Pressure–Temperature Ratings (U.S. Customary Units) L303 MATERIALS
522	Table L303.2 Aluminum Bolting Materials L304 DIMENSIONS AND FACINGS L305 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
523	APPENDIX M GUIDE TO CLASSIFYING FLUID SERVICES
524	Figure M300 Guide to Classifying Fluid Services
525	APPENDIX N APPLICATION OF ASME B31.3 INTERNATIONALLY N100 INTRODUCTION N200 COMPLIANCE WITH THE EUROPEAN PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (PED)
526	APPENDIX Q QUALITY SYSTEM PROGRAM
527	APPENDIX R USE OF ALTERNATIVE ULTRASONIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA R300 GENERAL R301 SCOPE R302 EQUIPMENT R303 PERSONNEL R304 EXAMINATION R305 DATA RECORDING AND CAPTURE R306 DATA ANALYSIS
528	Figure R307 Surface and Subsurface Flaws R307 FLAW EVALUATION R308 FLAW ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
529	Table R308.1 Acceptance Criteria for Surface Flaws Table R308.2 Acceptance Criteria for Subsurface Flaws
530	Figure S301.1 Example 1: Simple Code-Compliant Model APPENDIX S PIPING SYSTEM STRESS ANALYSIS EXAMPLES S300 INTRODUCTION S301 EXAMPLE 1: CODE-COMPLIANT PIPING SYSTEM
531	Table S301.1 Example 1: Pressure–Temperature Combinations Table S301.3.1 Example 1: Generic Pipe Stress Model Input
532	Table S301.3.2 Example 1: Element Connectivity, Type, and Lengths
533	Table S301.5.1 Example 1: Operating Load Case Results: Internal Loads and Deflections Table S301.5.2 Example 1: Operating Load Case Results: Reactions on Supports and Anchors
534	Table S301.6 Example 1: Sustained Forces, Moments, and Stresses [Allowable Sh = 130.8 MPa (19.0 ksi)] S302 EXAMPLE 2: ANTICIPATED SUSTAINED CONDITIONS CONSIDERING PIPE LIFT-OFF
535	Table S301.7 Example 1: Displacement Stress Range [Allowable, Eq. (1a), SA = 205.2 MPa (29.75 ksi)]
536	Figure S302.1 Example 2: Lift-Off Model Table S302.2 Example 2: Pressure–Temperature Combinations S303 EXAMPLE 3: MOMENT REVERSAL
537	Table S302.3 Example 2: Generic Pipe Stress Model Input: Component Connectivity, Type, and Lengths Table S302.5 Example 2: Results for Operating Case: Reactions on Support and Anchors
538	Table S302.6.2 Example 2: Sustained Load Condition Listing
539	Figure S303.1Example 3: Moment Reversal Model Table S302.6.3 Example 2: Sustained Forces, Moments, and Stresses for Sustained Condition 3 With Node 50’s Y+ Support Inactive [Allowable Sh = 127 MPa (18.4 ksi): Fails]
540	Table S303.1 Example 3: Pressure–Temperature Combinations
541	Table S303.3 Example 3: Generic Pipe Stress Model Input: Component Connectivity, Type, and Lengths
542	Table S303.7.1 Example 3: Operating Case 1: Displacement Stress Range [Eq. (1b) Allowable SA = 364 MPa (52.7 ksi): Passes]
543	Table S303.7.2 Example 3: Operating Case 2: Displacement Stress Range [Eq. (1b) Allowable SA = 364 MPa (52.7 ksi): Passes]
544	Table S303.7.3 Example 3: Moment Reversal Load Combination Considering Operating Cases 1 and 2, Total Strain Based: Displacement Stress Range [Eq. (1b) Allowable SA = 364 MPa (52.7 ksi): Fails]
545	APPENDIX V ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS IN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SERVICE V300 APPLICATION V301 DESIGN BASIS V302 CRITERIA V303 PROCEDURE
546	V304 EXAMPLE
548	APPENDIX W HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF PIPING SYSTEMS W300 APPLICATION W301 NOMENCLATURE
549	Table W301-1 Gamma Function Evaluation W302 DESIGN FOR FATIGUE
550	Table W302.1-1 Fatigue Material Coefficients (−3σ) Table W302.1-2 Fatigue Material Coefficients (−2σ)
551	Table W302.1-3 Optional Fatigue Material Coefficients When Nti > 107 Table W302.1-4 Environmental Fatigue Factors for Carbon Steel Piping,T ≤ 93°C (200°F) W305 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
553	APPENDIX X METALLIC BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINTS X300 GENERAL X301 PIPING DESIGNER RESPONSIBILITIES
554	X302 EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITIES
557	APPENDIX Z PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES Z300 INTRODUCTION Z301 PREVIOUS INTERPRETATIONS Z302 REQUIREMENTS Z303 SUBMITTAL
558	INDEX
574	NOTES FOR INDEX

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Standard Title	ASME B31.3 – 2022 with Errata: Process Piping
Published Code	ASME
Publication Date	2022

ASME B31.3 2022 wERRATA

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