ASME B31.4 2022

$98.04

ASME B31.4 – 2022 – Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2022	134

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Description

ASME B31.4 prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems between production fields or facilities, tank farms, above- or belowground storage facilities, natural gas processing plants, refineries, pump stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail, and truck), and other delivery and receiving points, as well as pipelines transporting liquids within pump stations, tank farms, and terminals associated with liquid pipeline systems. This Code also prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of piping transporting aqueous slurries of nonhazardous materials such as coal, mineral ores, concentrates, and other solid materials, between a slurry processing plant or terminal and a receiving plant or terminal. Piping here consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings, and the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, stanchions, or foundations, or any equipment. Also included within the scope of this Code are: (a) primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail, and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure-reducing stations, and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover loops (b) storage and working tanks, including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities (c) liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property that has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants (d) those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property, and the piping systems Key Changes to this revision include: Revise allowable expansion stress within B31.4 to better align with other B31 code books Add references to API 1133 Addition of “water” to Chapter XI Clarification on the distinction between gray and ductile cast irons Clarification and consistency of etchant composition in paragraphs 451.6.2.3 and 434.8.7 Nonmandatory Appendix B revised and updated to reflect the latest editions of numerous referenced standards Careful application of these ASME B31 standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for liquid pipeline designers, owners, regulators, inspectors, and manufacturers. Primary industries served include those for carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia, and liquid petroleum products.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
4	CONTENTS
7	FOREWORD
9	ASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER
11	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B31 COMMITTEE
13	INTRODUCTION
15	ASME B31.4-2022 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
18	Chapter I Scope and Definitions 400 GENERAL STATEMENTS
19	400.1 Scope 400.2 Definitions
20	Figures Figure 400.1.1-1 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 Excluding Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems (See Figure 400.1.1-2)
21	Figure 400.1.1-2 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems
22	Figure 400.1.1-3 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Slurry Pipeline Systems
28	Chapter II Design 401 LOADS 401.1 Load Classifications 401.2 Application of Loads
30	401.3 Combining of Loads 402 CALCULATION OF STRESSES 402.1 General 402.2 Properties 402.3 Stress From Internal Pressure 402.4 Stress From External Pressure
31	402.5 Stress From Thermal Expansion 402.6 Longitudinal Stress
32	402.7 Combining of Stresses 402.8 Stresses From Road and Rail Traffic Loads 403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES 403.1 General 403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances
33	Tables Table 403.2.1-1 Weld Joint Factors Applicable to Common Pipe Specifications
34	403.3 Criteria to Prevent Yield Failure Table 403.3.1-1 Allowable Values for Pipeline System Stresses
35	403.4 Criteria to Prevent Buckling and Excessive Ovality 403.5 Criteria to Prevent Fatigue 403.6 Criteria to Prevent Loss of In-Place Stability
36	403.7 Criteria to Prevent Fracture 403.8 Criteria for Crossings
37	403.9 Criteria for Expansion and Flexibility
38	403.10 Criteria for Used Pipe 403.11 Criteria for Cold Worked Pipe 403.12 Criteria for Shear and Bearing Stresses 403.13 Criteria for Structural Supports and Restraints 404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS (ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS) 404.1 General Criteria for Piping Components
39	404.2 Directional Changes
40	404.3 Branch Connections
41	Figure 404.3.3.1-1 Reinforced Extruded Outlets
43	Figure 404.3.4-1 Welding Details for Openings With Complete Encirclement Types of Reinforcement
44	Figure 404.3.4-2 Welding Details for Openings With Localized-Type Reinforcement
45	Figure 404.3.4-3 Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than That in Header and Branch Walls Table 404.3.4-1 Design Criteria for Welded Branch Connections
47	Figure 404.3.5-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections
48	404.4 Flanges
49	404.5 Valves 404.6 Reducers 404.7 Closures 404.8 Joints
50	404.9 Supports, Braces, Anchors, and Attachments 404.10 Other Pressure-Containing Components 404.11 Used Piping Components 404.12 Auxiliary and Relief Piping
51	Chapter III Materials 423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications 423.2 Limitations on Materials
52	425 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS 425.3 Gaskets 425.4 Bolting
53	Table 423.1-1 Material Standards and Specifications
56	Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS 426.1 Standard Piping Components 426.2 Nonstandard Piping Components 426.3 Threads
57	Table 426.1-1 Dimensional Standards
58	Chapter V Construction, Welding, and Assembly 434 CONSTRUCTION 434.1 General 434.2 Qualifications 434.3 Right-of-Way 434.4 Handling, Hauling, Stringing, and Storing
59	434.5 Damage to Fabricated Items and Pipe 434.6 Ditching 434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows
60	434.8 Welding Table 434.6-1 Minimum Cover for Buried Pipelines
63	Figure 434.8.6-1 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thicknesses
64	Figure 434.8.6-2 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wall Thicknesses
65	Figure 434.8.6-3 Recommended Attachment Details of Flanges
66	434.9 Tie-In 434.10 Installation of Pipe in the Ditch 434.11 Backfilling 434.12 Restoration of Right-of-Way and Cleanup 434.13 Special Crossings
67	434.14 Inland Coastal Water Construction 434.15 Block and Isolating Valves
68	434.16 Connections to Main Lines 434.17 Scraper Traps 434.18 Line Markers
69	434.19 Corrosion Control 434.20 Pump Station, Tank Farm, and Terminal Construction 434.21 Storage and Working Tankage
70	434.22 Electrical Installations 434.23 Liquid Metering 434.24 Liquid Strainers and Filters
71	435 ASSEMBLY OF PIPING COMPONENTS 435.1 General 435.2 Bolting Procedure 435.3 Pumping Unit Piping 435.4 Manifolds 435.5 Auxiliary Piping
72	Chapter VI Inspection and Testing 436 INSPECTION 436.1 General 436.2 Qualification of Inspectors 436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required
73	436.6 Repair of Defects 437 TESTING 437.1 General
74	437.4 Test Pressure 437.6 Qualification Tests
75	437.7 Records
76	Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance Procedures 450 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS 450.1 General 450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures
77	451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 451.1 Operating Pressure 451.2 Communications 451.3 Line Markers and Signs 451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance 451.5 Patrolling 451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs
80	Figure 451.6.2.2-1 Type I Interaction Figure 451.6.2.2-2 Type II Interaction
82	Table 451.6.2.9-1 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods (Nonindented, Nonwrinkled, and Nonbuckled Pipe)
84	Table 451.6.2.9-2 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods for Dents, Buckles, Ripples, Wrinkles, Leaking Couplings, and Defective Prior Repairs
86	451.8 Valve Maintenance 451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines Figure 451.6.2.9-1 Hot-Tap Fitting Sleeve or Pressure Containing (Type B) Sleeve End Fillet Weld Design
87	451.10 Inland Waters Platform Risers 451.11 Leak Detection 451.12 Strain Criteria for Existing Pipelines 452 PUMP STATION, TERMINAL, AND STORAGE FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 452.1 General
88	452.2 Controls and Protective Equipment 452.3 Storage Facilities 452.4 Storage of Combustible Materials 452.5 Fencing 452.6 Signs 452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition 453 CORROSION CONTROL 454 EMERGENCY PLAN
89	455 RECORDS 456 QUALIFYING A PIPING SYSTEM FOR A HIGHER OPERATING PRESSURE
90	457 ABANDONING A PIPING SYSTEM
91	Chapter VIII Corrosion Control 460 GENERAL 461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES 461.1 New Installations
93	461.2 Existing Buried or Submerged Steel Pipelines
94	462 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL 462.1 General 462.2 New Installations
95	462.3 Existing Installations 463 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPELINES EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE 463.1 General
96	464 PIPELINES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS 464.1 General 464.2 External Coating Requirements 464.3 Cathodic Protection Facilities 464.3.1 Criteria. 464.3.2 Impressed Current Facilities 464.3.3 Galvanic Anode Installations. 464.4 Monitoring 464.5 Internal Corrosion Control 465 PIPELINES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE 465.1 General
97	465.2 External Coating Requirements 465.3 Cathodic Protection Facilities 465.3.1 Criteria. 465.3.2 Galvanic Anodes. 465.4 Internal Corrosion Control 466 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR THERMALLY INSULATED PIPELINES 466.1 New Installations 466.1.1 General. 466.1.2 External Coating Requirements. 466.1.3 Water Stops. 466.1.4 Cathodic Protection. 466.1.4.1 External Anodes. 466.1.4.2 Internal Anodes.
98	466.2 Existing Installations 467 STRESS CORROSION AND OTHER PHENOMENA 468 RECORDS
99	Chapter IX Offshore Liquid Pipeline Systems A400 GENERAL STATEMENTS A400.1 Scope A400.2 Definitions (Applicable to This Chapter Only)
100	A401 LOADS A401.2.2 Sustained Loads A401.2.3 Occasional Loads.
101	A401.2.4 Construction Loads.
102	A401.2.5 Bottom Soils. A401.4 Route Selection Considerations A402 CALCULATION OF STRESSES A402.3 Stresses From Internal Pressure
104	Table A402.3.2-1 Design Factors for Offshore Pipeline Systems
106	A403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES A403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances A403.9 Design for Expansion and Flexibility A404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS (ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS) A404.2 Directional Changes A404.3 Branch Connections
107	A404.4 Flanges A404.5 Valves A404.6 Reducers A404.7 Closures A404.8 Joints A405 PIPE A405.1 Steel Pipe A405.2 Flexible Pipe A406 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS A406.1 Pigs and Internal Inspection Tools A406.2 Special Components
108	A406.3 Design of Pipe-Supporting Elements A423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A423.1 Acceptable Materials and Specifications A423.2 Limitations on Materials A434 CONSTRUCTION A434.2 Qualifications A434.3 Right-of-Way A434.6 Ditching A434.7 Bends, Miters, and Elbows A434.8 Welding
109	A434.11 Backfilling A434.13 Special Crossings A434.15 Block and Isolating Valves A434.18 Line Markers A434.25 Offshore Pipeline Construction A436 INSPECTION A436.2 Qualification of Inspectors A436.5 Type and Extent of Examination Required
110	A437 TESTING A437.1 General A437.4 Test Pressure A437.6 Qualification Tests A437.7 Records A450 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS A450.2 Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures A451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE A451.1 Operating Pressure A451.3 Line Markers and Signs A451.4 Right-of-Way Maintenance
111	A451.5 Patrolling A451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessment and Repairs A451.8 Valve Maintenance A451.9 Railroads and Highways Crossing Existing Pipelines
112	A451.10 Inland Waters Platform Risers A452 PUMP STATION, TERMINAL, AND STORAGE FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE A452.5 Fencing A452.7 Prevention of Accidental Ignition A454 EMERGENCY PLAN A460 GENERAL A461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES A461.1 New Installations
113	A461.3 Monitoring A463 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPELINES EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE A463.2 New Offshore Installations
114	Chapter X Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems B400 GENERAL STATEMENTS B400.1 Scope B400.2 Definitions (Applicable to This Chapter Only) B423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS B423.2 Limitations on Materials B434 CONSTRUCTION B434.15 Block and Isolating Valves B434.18 Line Markers B437 TESTING B437.4 Test Pressure B437.7 Records
115	B451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE B451.6 Pipeline Integrity Assessments and Repairs B454 EMERGENCY PLAN
116	Chapter XI Slurry and Process Water Pipeline Systems C400 GENERAL STATEMENTS C400.1 Scope C400.2 Definitions (Applicable to This Chapter Only) C401 LOADS C401.2 Application of Loads C403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES C403.2 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances C403.3 Criteria to Prevent Yield Failure C403.15 Other Slurry Design Considerations
117	C404 CRITERIA FOR FITTINGS, ASSEMBLIES, AND OTHER COMPONENTS (ALTERNATIVELY, CRITERIA FOR COMPONENTS) C404.2 Directional Changes C404.3 Branch Connections C404.4 Flanges C404.5 Valves C404.6 Reducers C423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS C423.2 Limitations on Materials C426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS C426.1 Standard Piping Components C434 CONSTRUCTION C434.21 Storage and Working Tankage C434.23 Slurry Metering
118	Table C423.1-1 Material Standards Table C423.1-2 Material Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From Table 423.1-1 Table C426.1-2 Dimensional Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From Table 426.1-1
119	C437 TESTING C437.4 Test Pressure C451 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE C451.5 Patrolling C454 EMERGENCY PLAN C457 ABANDONING A PIPING SYSTEM C460 GENERAL C461 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES C461.2 Existing Buried Steel Pipelines C468 RECORDS
120	MANDATORY APPENDIX I REFERENCED STANDARDS
124	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE B31 PRESSURE PIPING COMMITTEE
125	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B PUBLICATIONS THAT MAY BE OF INFORMATIONAL BENEFIT
126	INDEX