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ASME BPVC I 2023

ASME BPVC I 2023

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ASME BPVC.I-2023 Section I, Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

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ASME 2023
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This Section provides requirements for all methods of construction of power, electric, and miniature boilers; high temperature water boilers, heat recovery steam generators, and certain fired pressure vessels to be used in stationary service; and power boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Rules pertaining to use of the ASME Certification Mark and V, A, M, PP, S and E Designators are also included. The rules are applicable to boilers in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressures exceeding 15 psig, and high temperature water boilers intended for operation at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degree F. Superheaters, economizers, and other pressure parts connected directly to the boiler without intervening valves are considered as part of the scope of Section I. Careful application of this Section will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for manufacturers, users, constructors, designers and others concerned with the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection and testing of pressure vessels, plus all potential governing entities.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
5 TABLE OF CONTENTS
26 List of Sections
27 FOREWORD
29 STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF THE ASME SINGLE CERTIFICATION MARK AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING
STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS
30 Personnel
52 Correspondence With the Committee
54 PREAMBLE
56 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
60 Cross-Referencing in the ASME BPVC
61 Part PG General Requirements for all Methods of Construction
General
PG-1 Scope
PG-2 Service Limitations
PG-3 Referenced Standards
PG-4 Units of Measure
62 Materials
PG-5 General
Table PG-4-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations
63 PG-6 Plate
PG-7 Forgings
PG-8 Castings
64 PG-9 Pipes, Tubes, and Pressure-Containing Parts
66 PG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Section, and Material Not Fully Identified
68 PG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Certification Mark
70 PG-12 Water Level Indicators and Connector Material
71 PG-13 Stays
PG-14 Rivets
Design
PG-16 General
72 PG-17 Fabrication by a Combination of Methods
PG-18 Design Validation by Proof Test
PG-19 Cold Forming of Austenitic Materials
73 Table PG-19 Post Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for Austenitic Materials and Nickel-Based Alloys
74 PG-20 Cold Forming of Carbon, Carbon-Molybdenum, and Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels
Table PG-20 Post Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements
75 PG-21 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
76 PG-22 Loadings
PG-23 Stress Values for Calculation Formulas
PG-25 Quality Factors for Steel Castings
78 PG-26 Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factor
PG-27 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure
79 Table PG-26 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating Maximum Allowable Working Pressure or Minimum Required Thickness of Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Weld
83 PG-28 Components Under External Pressure
84 Figure PG-28 Maximum Internal Projection of Welded Access or Inspection Openings
85 PG-29 Dished Heads
87 PG-30 Stayed Dished Heads
PG-31 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers
88 Figures
Figure PG-31 Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers
91 Openings and Compensation
PG-32 Openings in Shells, Headers, and Dished Heads
92 PG-33 Compensation Required for Openings in Shells and Dished Heads
93 Figure PG-33.1 Nomenclature and Equations for Reinforced Openings
94 Figure PG-33.2 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Dimensions te, h, and d
95 PG-34 Flanged-in Openings in Formed Heads
Figure PG-33.3 Chart for Determining Value of F
96 PG-35 Compensation Required for Openings in Flat Unstayed Heads and Flat Stayed Plates
PG-36 Limits of Metal Available for Compensation
PG-37 Strength of Compensation
97 PG-38 Compensation for Multiple Openings
Figure PG-38.1-1 Example of Two Openings Spaced With Limits of Reinforcement Overlapping
Figure PG-38.2-1 Example of More Than Two Openings Spaced With Limits of Reinforcement Overlapping
98 PG-39 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls
Figure PG-38.4-1 Illustrations of the Rule Given in PG-38.4
99 PG-42 General Requirements for Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valves
Tables
Table PG-39 Minimum Number of Threads per Connection
101 Figure PG-42.1 Welding End Transitions Maximum Envelope
102 PG-43 Nozzle Neck Thickness
PG-44 Inspection Openings
103 PG-46 Stayed Surfaces
Figure PG-46.2 Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Through-Stays
104 PG-47 Staybolts
PG-48 Location of Staybolts
PG-49 Dimensions of Staybolts
PG-50 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through a Vessel Wall
PG-52 Ligaments
106 Figure PG-52.1 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
107 PG-53 Ligaments Not Forming A Definite Pattern
Figure PG-52.2 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row
Figure PG-52.3 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row
Figure PG-52.4 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row
Figure PG-52.5 Example of Tube Spacing With Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines
108 Figure PG-52.6 Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
109 PG-55 Supports and Attachment Lugs
PG-56 Loading on Structural Attachments
Figure PG-53.2.2-1
Figure PG-56.1.2 Method of Computation of Attachments to Tubes
110 Boiler External Piping and Boiler Proper Connections
PG-58 Boiler External Piping (BEP)
Table PG-56.2 Tube Attachment Angle Design Factor, K
111 Figure PG-56.2 Chart for Determining Load Factor, Lf
112 Figure PG-58.2-1 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum-Type Boilers
113 Figure PG-58.2-2 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Isolable Economizers Located in Feedwater Piping and Isolable Superheaters in Main Steam Piping(Boiler Pressure Relief Valves, Blowoff, and Miscellaneous Piping for Boiler Proper Not Shown for Clarity)
114 Figure PG-58.2-3 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Reheaters and Nonintegral Separately Fired Superheaters
115 Figure PG-58.2-4 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Forced-Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Waterline
116 Figure PG-58.2-5 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced-Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Waterline
117 Figure PG-58.2-6 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Firetube Boiler
119 PG-59 Application Requirements for the Boiler Proper
120 Figure PG-59.1 Typical Boiler Bushings
121 Design and Application
PG-60 Design and Application Requirements for Miscellaneous Pipe, Valves, and Fittings
123 Figure PG-60.3.7 Y-Type Globe Valve
Figure PG-60.3.9 Typical Arrangement of Steam and Water Connections for a Water Column
124 PG-61 Feedwater Supply
Overpressure Protection Requirements
PG-67 Boiler
126 Figure PG-67.4 Requirements for Overpressure Protection Forced-Flow Steam Generator
128 PG-68 Superheater and Reheater
129 PG-69 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves
PG-70 Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves
PG-71 Mounting of Pressure Relief Valves
131 PG-72 Operation of Pressure Relief Valves
132 PG-73 Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves
136 Fabrication
PG-75 General
137 PG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock
PG-77 Material Identification
PG-78 Repairs of Defects in Materials
PG-79 Tube Holes and Ends
138 PG-80 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical Shells
Figure PG-80 Maximum Permissible Deviation From a Circular Form, e, for Cylindrical Parts Under External Pressure
139 PG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads
PG-82 Holes for Stays
Inspection and Tests
PG-90 General
140 PG-91 Qualification of Inspectors
PG-93 Examination and Repair of Flat Plate in Corner Joints
PG-99 Hydrostatic Test
141 Certification by Stamping and Data Reports
PG-101 Heating Surface Computation
PG-104 General
PG-105 Certification Marks
142 Figure PG-105.1 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Standard for Boilers
143 PG-106 Stamping of Boilers
Figure PG-106 Form of Stamping
145 PG-107 Field Assembly
146 PG-108 Stamping for Field-Assembled Boilers
PG-109 Stamping of Pressure Piping
147 PG-110 Stamping of Boiler Pressure Relief Valves
PG-111 Location of Stampings
148 PG-112 Manufacturer’s Data Report Forms
150 PG-113 Master Data Report Form
151 Part PW Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding
General
PW-1 General
Materials
PW-5 General
152 Design
PW-8 General
PW-9 Design of Welded Joints
Figure PW-9.3.1 Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness
153 Figure PW-9.3.3 Heads Attached to Shells
154 PW-10 Heat Treatment
PW-11 Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints
Figure PW-9.4 Prohibited Welded Joint
155 PW-13 Head-to-Flange Requirements
PW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds
PW-15 Welded Connections
Table PW-11 Required Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints
156 PW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds
157 Figure PW-15 Examples of Weld Strength Calculations
158 Figure PW-16.1 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells, Drums, and Headers
162 Figure PW-16.2 Some Acceptable Forms of Welds for Lugs, Hangers, and Brackets on Shells, Drums, and Headers (See PG-55)
163 PW-17 Forged Flat Heads With Integral Hubbed Flange
PW-19 Welded-In Stays
164 Figure PW-16.8 Some Acceptable Designs for Partial-Penetration-Weld-Type Nozzles and Other Connections Designed for 900°F (480°C) or Higher Service
166 Figure PW-17-1 Forged Flat Head With Integral Butt-Welded Hubbed Flange
Figure PW-19.4(a) Some Acceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding
167 Fabrication
PW-26 General
PW-27 Welding Processes
Figure PW-19.4(b) Unacceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding
168 PW-28 Welding Qualification and Weld Records
169 PW-29 Base Metal Preparation
170 PW-31 Assembly
PW-33 Alignment Tolerance, Shells and Vessels (Including Pipe or Tube Used as a Shell)
PW-34 Alignment, Tube and Pipe
PW-35 Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints
Table PW-33 Alignment Tolerance of Sections to Be Butt Welded
171 PW-36 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements
PW-38 Preheating and Interpass Temperatures
172 Table PW-38-1 Recommended Preheat Temperatures for Welding of Pressure Parts and Attachments
173 PW-39 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment
175 Table PW-39-1 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 1
176 Table PW-39-2 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 3
177 Table PW-39-3 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 4
178 Table PW-39-4 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 5A and P-No. 5B
179 Table PW-39-5 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 15E
180 Table PW-39-6 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 6
Table PW-39-7 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 7
181 Table PW-39-8 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 8
Table PW-39-9 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 10H
182 Table PW-39-10 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 10I
Table PW-39-11 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 31
Table PW-39-12 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 43
183 Table PW-39-13 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 45
Table PW-39-14 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 51
Table PW-39.1 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
184 Table PW-39.2 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment Temperature Ranges for Welds Between P-No. 1, 3, 4, 5A, 5B Group 1, 6, 7, 8, and 15E Group 1
186 PW-40 Repair of Defects
187 PW-41 Circumferential Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Headers
188 PW-42 Joints in Valves and Other Boiler Appurtenances
PW-44 Fabrication Rules for Bimetallic Tubes When the Clad Strength Is Included
191 Inspection and Tests
PW-46 General
PW-47 Check of Welding Procedure
PW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualifications
PW-49 Check of Heat Treatment Practice
PW-50 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel
PW-51 Radiographic Examination
192 PW-52 Ultrasonic Examination
PW-53 Test Plates
194 Figure PW-53.1 Test Specimens From Longitudinal Welded Test Plates
195 Figure PW-53.2 Method of Forming Longitudinal Test Plates
196 Figure PW-53.3(a) Details of Tension Test Specimens
197 Figure PW-53.3(b) Details of Bend Test Specimens
198 PW-54 Hydrostatic Test
199 Part PR Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting
General
PR-1 Scope
PR-2 Responsibility
Materials
PR-3 General
Design
PR-4 General
PR-5 Strength of Plates
PR-6 Strength of Rivets
PR-7 Crushing/Compressive Strength of Plates
200 PR-8 Joint Efficiency and the Thickness of Shells and Drums
PR-9 Thickness of Buttstraps
PR-10 Longitudinal Joints
PR-11 Circumferential Joints
PR-12 Transverse Pitch (Back Pitch) of Rows of Rivets
Table PR-9-1 Minimum Thickness of Buttstraps
201 PR-13 Preparation of Plate Edges for Calking
PR-14 Edge Distance
PR-15 Riveted Connections
Figure PR-13-1 Typical Plate Edge Beveled for Sealing by Calking in a Riveted Joint
Table PR-15.3-1 Allowable Stress on Rivets in Tension
202 PR-16 Reinforcement of Openings
PR-17 Reinforcing Shells of Watertube Boilers
Figure PR-15.4-1 Location of Seams in Inside and Outside Calking Boundaries
Figure PR-17.2-1 Boundary of Reinforcing Plate on Outside and Inside of Drum
203 Fabrication
PR-18 General
PR-19 Welded Connections in Riveted Boilers
PR-20 Buttstraps
PR-21 Rivet Holes
Figure PR-20.2-1 Allowable Welding of Plate Edges at Ends of Buttstraps
204 PR-22 Assembly of Joints
PR-23 Riveting
PR-24 Joint Tightness
Inspection, Tests, and Data Reports
PR-25 General
PR-26 Hammer Test
PR-27 Hydrostatic Test
PR-28 Data Reports
206 Part PB Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Brazing
General
PB-1 General
207 Materials
PB-5 General
PB-6 Brazing Filler Metals
PB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres
Design
PB-8 General
PB-9 Strength of Brazed Joints
PB-10 Brazed Joint Efficiency
PB-14 Application of Brazing Filler Metal
Table PB-1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Brazing Filler Metal
208 PB-15 Permissible Types of Joints
PB-16 Joint Clearance
PB-17 Joint Brazing Procedure
PB-18 Openings
Figure PB-15 Some Acceptable Types of Brazed Joints
209 PB-19 Brazed Connections
Fabrication
PB-26 General
PB-28 Qualification of Brazing Procedure
PB-29 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators
Table PB-16 Recommended Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature
210 PB-30 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed
PB-31 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed
PB-32 Postbrazing Operations
PB-33 Repair of Defective Brazing
Inspection and Tests
PB-46 General
PB-47 Check of Brazing Procedure
PB-48 Brazer and Brazing Operator
PB-49 Visual Examination
211 PB-50 Exemptions
Marking and Reports
PB-51 General
212 Part PL Requirements for Locomotive Boilers
Introduction
PL-1 General
PL-2 Scope
PL-3 Testing and Stamping
Materials
PL-5 General
213 Figure PL-2.2-1 Steam Locomotive Boiler With Dome Throttle
214 Figure PL-2.2-2 Steam Locomotive Boiler With Front-End Throttle
215 PL-6 In the Course of Preparation
PL-7 Allowable Stress Values for Materials
Design
PL-17 General
PL-18 Cylindrical Boiler Shell
PL-20 Reinforcing and Doubling Plates on Unstayed Portions of the Boiler
216 PL-21 Requirements for Domes of Locomotive Boilers
Figure PL-20.4.1-1 Round Riveted Plate
Figure PL-20.4.2-1 Diamond Riveted Plate
217 Figure PL-20.5-1 Manhole Frame
218 Table PL-21.3.4-1 Thickness of Riveted Reinforcing Rings for Dome Openings
219 Figure PL-21.4.1-1 Steam Dome Top Flange
220 PL-24 Flues
PL-27 Stayed Surfaces
221 Table PL-24.1-1 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure for Steel Flues for Firetube Locomotive Boilers
223 Figure PL-27.5-1 Examples of Doubler Attachment Methods
224 Figure PL-27.6.3-1 Double-Riveted Lap Seam in Stayed Area
Figure PL-27.6.3-2 Double-Fillet-Welded Lap Seam in Stayed Area
225 PL-28 Mudring (Firebox Foundation Ring)
Figure PL-27.7-1 Upper Corner of Firebox
226 PL-30 Staybolts
Figure PL-28.2-1 Some Examples of Acceptable Mudring Construction
227 Figure PL-30.4.2-1 Fillet-Welded Staybolts
Table PL-28.4-1 Radii for Firebox Mudrings
228 PL-33 Crown Bars
PL-36 Braces
Figure PL-33-1 Example of Crown Bar Installation
Table PL-30.4.5-1 Fillet-Welded Staybolt: Examples of Nominal Dimensions Permitted ±0.02 in. (±0.5 mm)
229 Figure PL-36.2.1-1 Support Perimeters
230 Figure PL-36.5-1 Typical Forms of Diagonal Braces
231 Figure PL-36.7-1 Typical Forms of Gusset Braces
232 Figure PL-36.9-1 Tee Iron
Figure PL-36.9-2 Tee-Iron Support Area
233 PL-39 Arch Tubes, Circulators, and Thermic Syphons
234 Figure PL-39.1-1 Arch Tubes
235 Figure PL-39.2.1-1 Circulators
Figure PL-39.2.1-2 Circulator Attachment Section Views
236 PL-42 Gage Glasses and Water Columns
Figure PL-39.3-1 Example of Thermic Syphon Installation
237 PL-43 Boiler Blowoff Systems
PL-45 Feedwater Supply
PL-48 Dry Pipe
PL-49 Internal or Dome Throttle Valves
PL-54 Pressure Relief Valves
240 Part PA Alternative Rules for Boiler Construction
PA-1 General
PA-2 Code Boundaries and Interfaces
PA-3 Design Specification and Design Report
PA-4 Construction
PA-5 Materials
PA-6 Hydrostatic Test
PA-7 Data Reports and Stamping
241 Part PWT Requirements for Watertube Boilers
General
PWT-1 General
Materials
PWT-5 General
Design
PWT-8 General
PWT-9 Tubes and Pipe
PWT-11 Tube Connections
242 Figure PWT-11 Examples of Acceptable Forms of Tube Attachment
243 PWT-12 Staybolting Box-Type Headers and Waterlegs
PWT-13 Staying Segment of Heads
PWT-14 Firing Doors
PWT-15 Access and Firing Doors
244 Part PFT Requirements for Firetube Boilers
General
PFT-1 General
Materials
PFT-5 General
Design
PFT-8 General
PFT-9 Thickness Requirements
PFT-10 Shell Joints
PFT-11 Attachment of Heads and Tubesheets
245 PFT-12 Tubes
246 Combustion Chambers
PFT-13 Combustion Chamber Tubesheet
Figure PFT-12.1 Some Acceptable Forms of Tube Attachment on Firetube Boilers
247 PFT-14 General
PFT-15 Plain Circular Furnaces
PFT-17 Ring-Reinforced Type
Figure PFT-17.2 Acceptable Type of Ring-Reinforced Furnace
248 PFT-18 Corrugated Furnaces
Figure PFT-18.1 Morison Furnace
249 PFT-19 Combined Plain Circular and Corrugated Type
PFT-20 Attachment of Furnaces
Figure PFT-19 Connection Between Plain and Corrugated Furnace
Figure PFT-20 Welding Ogee Ring
250 PFT-21 Fireboxes and Waterlegs
Figure PFT-21 Some Acceptable Methods of Forming Waterleg Joints by Welding
251 Stayed Surfaces
PFT-22 General
PFT-23 Working Pressure for Stayed Curved Surfaces
Figure PFT-23.1 Stayed Wrapper Sheet of Locomotive-Type Boiler
252 PFT-24 Staying Horizontal Return Tube Boilers
PFT-25 Staying Segments of Heads
PFT-26 Area Supported by Stay
253 PFT-27 Maximum Spacing
Figure PFT-25 Example of Staying of Heads Adjacent to Cylindrical Furnaces
254 PFT-28 Staybolts and Stays
PFT-29 Flexible And Fillet-Welded Staybolts
PFT-30 Crown Bars and Girder Stays
255 Figure PFT-26.3-1 Area Supported by Stay Defined in PFT-26.3
256 Figure PFT-27.2-1 Maximum Spacing as Defined in PFT-27.2
Figure PFT-27.11-1 Pitch of Staybolts Adjacent to Upper Corners of Fireboxes
257 PFT-31 Stay Tubes
PFT-32 Stresses in Diagonal Stays
Figure PFT-32 Measurements for Determining Stresses in Diagonal Stays
258 Doors and Openings
PFT-40 Welded Door Openings
PFT-41 Openings in Wrapper Sheets
PFT-42 Fireside Access Openings
PFT-43 Requirements for Inspection Openings
PFT-44 Opening Between Boiler and Pressure Relief Valve
Domes
PFT-45 Requirements for Domes
259 Setting
PFT-46 Method of Support
Piping, Fittings, and Appliances
PFT-47 Water Level Indicators
260 PFT-48 Feed Piping
Figure PFT-46.1 Spacing and Weld Details for Wall-Support Lugs Set in Pairs on Horizontal-Return Tubular Boilers
Figure PFT-46.2 Welded Bracket Connection for Horizontal-Return Tubular Boilers
261 PFT-49 Blowoff Piping
262 Part PFH Optional Requirements for Feedwater Heater (When Located Within Scope of Section I Rules)
PFH-1  
263 Part PMB Requirements for Miniature Boilers
General
PMB-1 General
PMB-2 Scope
Materials
PMB-5 General
Design
PMB-8 General
264 PMB-9 Welding
PMB-10 Washout Openings
PMB-11 Feedwater Supply
PMB-12 Blowoff
PMB-13 Gage Glasses
PMB-14 Fixtures and Fittings
PMB-15 Pressure Relief Valves
PMB-16 Steam Stop Valves
PMB-17 Automatic Devices
PMB-21 Hydrostatic Tests and Inspection
266 Part PEB Requirements for Electric Boilers
General
PEB-1 General
PEB-2 Scope
PEB-3 Optional Requirements for the Boiler Pressure Vessel
Materials
PEB-5 General
267 Design
PEB-8 General
PEB-9 Welding
PEB-10 Inspection Openings
PEB-11 Feedwater Supply
PEB-12 Bottom Blowoff
PEB-13 Water Level Indicators
268 PEB-14 Pressure Gages
PEB-15 Pressure Relief Valves
PEB-16 Automatic Devices
PEB-17 Hydrostatic Test
PEB-18 Inspection and Stamping of Boilers
269 PEB-19 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Electric Boilers
270 Part PVG Requirements for Organic Fluid Vaporizers
General
PVG-1 General
Materials
PVG-5 General
Design
PVG-8 General
PVG-9 General Requirements
PVG-10 Gage Glasses
PVG-11 Drain Valves
PVG-12 Pressure Relief Valves
271 Figure PVG-12 Constant, C, for Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv)
272 Part PFE Requirements for Feedwater Economizers
PFE-1 General
PFE-2 Design
PFE-3 Pressure Relief
PFE-4 Materials
273 Part PTFH Requirements for Liquid Phase Thermal Fluid Heaters
General
PTFH-1 General
PTFH-2 Scope
PTFH-3 Thermal Fluids
Materials
PTFH-5 General
Design
PTFH-8 General Requirements
PTFH-9 Appurtenances and External Piping
274 PTFH-10 Provisions for Thermal Expansion of the Heat Transfer Medium
PTFH-11 Instrumentation
Figure PTFH-9.1-1 Liquid Phase Thermal Fluid Heater: External Piping
275 PTFH-12 Overpressure Protection
276 PTFH-13 Temperature-Limiting Controls
277 Part PHRSG Requirements for Heat Recovery Steam Generators
PHRSG-1 General
PHRSG-2 Scope
PHRSG-3 Requirements for Superheater and Reheater Condensate Removal Connections
278 PHRSG-4 Desuperheater Drain Pots
PHRSG-5 Certification
Table PHRSG-4 Minimum Drain Pot Size
279 Figure PHRSG-4 Some Acceptable Desuperheater Spraywater Protection Device Arrangements
280 MANDATORY APPENDICES
MANDATORY APPENDIX III CRITERIA FOR REAPPLICATION OF A CERTIFICATION MARK
281 MANDATORY APPENDIX IV LOCAL THIN AREAS IN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS AND IN SPHERICAL SEGMENTS OF HEADS
IV-1 Scope
IV-2 Cylindrical Shells
282 Figure IV-2-1 Symbols
IV-3 Spherical Segments of Heads
283 Figure IV-3-1 Blend Requirements
Figure IV-3-2  
Figure IV-3-3  
284 Figure IV-3-4  
Figure IV-3-5  
285 MANDATORY APPENDIX V ADDITIONAL RULES FOR BOILERS FABRICATED BY RIVETING
V-1 Scope
V-2 Fireboxes, Combustion Chambers, AND Furnaces
V-2.1 General
V-2.2 Plain Circular Furnaces
V-2.3 Ring-Reinforced Type
V-2.4 Corrugated Furnaces
V-2.5 Combined Plain Circular and Corrugated Type
V-2.6 Attachment of Furnaces
V-2.7 Fireboxes and Waterlegs
286 Figure V-2.2-1 Riveted Circumferential Joint for Circular Furnace Plates Over 5⁄8 in. (16 mm)
Figure V-2.2-2 Proper Location of Staybolts Adjacent to Longitudinal Joint in Furnace Sheet
V-3 Design of Stay Pins and Riveted Stay Attachments
V-4 Staying of Upper Segments of Tube Heads by Steel Structural Shapes
V-5 Riveted Attachments
287 Figure V-4-1 Staying of Head With Steel Angles in Tubular Boiler
Table V-4-1 Sizes of Angles Required for Staying Segments of Heads
288 Figure V-5-1 Method of Riveting Manhole Frames to Shells or Drums With Two Rows of Rivets
V-6 Domes
289 MANDATORY APPENDIX VI ESTABLISHING GOVERNING CODE EDITIONS, ADDENDA, AND CASES FOR BOILERS AND REPLACEMENT PARTS
VI-1 General
VI-2 Design
VI-3 Materials
VI-4 Fabrication
VI-5 Examination
VI-6 Inspection
290 VI-7 Testing
VI-8 Overpressure Protection
VI-9 Field Assembly
VI-10 Certification
291 MANDATORY APPENDIX VII ALTERNATE METHODS FOR APPLYING THE ASME CERTIFICATION MARK
VII-1 Requirements for Alternate Methods
292 MANDATORY APPENDIX VIII LOCAL HEATING OF WELDS IN CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS OF P-NO. 15E MATERIALS WHEN USING ELECTRIC RESISTANCE HEATING
VIII-1 Scope
VIII-2 General
VIII-3 Terminology for Local Heating
293 Figure VIII-3-1 Definitions of Terms for Local Circumferential Band Heating of Cylindrical Component Welds
VIII-4 Local Circumferential Band Heating
VIII-4.1 Soak Band
VIII-4.2 Heated Band
VIII-4.3 Gradient Control Band
294 Figure VIII-3-2 Definitions of Terms for Local Circumferential Band With Branch Connection Attachment Weld to Cylindrical Component
295 VIII-4.4 Axial Temperature Gradient
VIII-5 Measurement of Temperature
VIII-5.1 Temperature-Indicating Crayons and Paints
VIII-5.2 Selection of Thermocouples
VIII-5.3 Installation of Thermocouples
VIII-5.4 Control Thermocouples
VIII-5.5 Monitoring Thermocouples
VIII-6 Design of the Heating Process
296 Table VIII-6.3.2-1 Control Zones
VIII-6.1 Preheat
VIII-6.2 Postheating
VIII-6.3 Postweld Heat Treatment
VIII-6.4 Special Considerations
297 Figure VIII-6.3.4-1 Location of Thermocouples (Monitoring and Control) for Pipe Sizes Up to 6 NPS (150 DN) and One Control Zone
298 Figure VIII-6.3.4-2 Location of Thermocouples (Monitoring and Control) for Pipe Sizes 8 NPS Through 12 NPS (200 DN Through 300 DN) and Two Control Zones
299 Figure VIII-6.3.4-3 Location of Thermocouples (Monitoring and Control) for Pipe Sizes 14 NPS Through 30 NPS (350 DN Through 750 DN) and Four Control Zones
300 Figure VIII-6.3.4-4 Location of Monitoring Thermocouples for Branch Nozzle or Attachment
301 VIII-7 The Thermal Cycle, PWHT
302 Figure VIII-6.4.5-1 Example of One Approach When the Heated Band from Weld Requiring PWHT Intersects Weld Not Requiring PWHT
303 VIII-8 Insulation
VIII-9 Quality Assurance System
VIII-9.1 Introduction
VIII-9.2 Process Control
VIII-9.3 Documentation
VIII-9.4 Control of Inspection, Measuring, and Test Equipment
304 VIII-9.5 Training
VIII-9.6 Servicing
VIII-10 Other Considerations
305 Forms
Form VIII-9.2-1 Standard Procedure for Local Heating
307 Form VIII-9.3-1 Standard Documentation Checklist for Local Heating
308 Figure A-2-1 Single-Riveted Lap Joint, Longitudinal or Circumferential
NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A EXPLANATION OF THE CODE CONTAINING MATTER NOT MANDATORY UNLESS SPECIFICALLY REFERRED TO IN THE RULES OF THE CODE
Efficiency of Joints
A-1 Efficiency of Riveted Joints
A-1.1 Introduction.
A-1.2 Nomenclature.
A-2 Single-Riveted Lap Joint
A-3 Double-Riveted Lap Joint
309 Figure A-3-1 Double-Riveted Lap Joint, Longitudinal or Circumferential
Figure A-4-1 Double-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint
A-4 Double-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint
A-5 Triple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint
310 Figure A-5-1 Triple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint
A-6 Quadruple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint
Braced and Stayed Surfaces
A-8  
311 Figure A-6-1 Quadruple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint
Method of Checking Pressure Relief Valve Capacity by Measuring Maximum Amount of Fuel That Can Be Burned
A-12  
A-13 Example 1
A-14 Example 2
A-15 Example 3
A-16 Example 4
A-17  
312 Figure A-6-2 Joints That May Be Used to Avoid Eccentric Stresses
Automatic Gage Glasses
A-18  
313 Figure A-8 Detail Illustrations Showing Application of PG-48 and PFT-27 to the Staying of Boilers
317 Figure A-19 Typical Forms of Fusible Plugs
Fusible Plugs
A-19
318 A-20  
A-21  
Proof Tests to Establish Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
A-22  
A-22.1 Scope.
A-22.2 Tests.
319 A-22.3 Pressure.
A-22.4 Critical Areas.
A-22.5 Yield Strength and Tensile Strength.
A-22.6 Procedure.
321 A-22.7 Parts Subject to Collapse.
A-22.8 Higher Temperatures.
A-22.9 Duplicate Parts.
A-22.10 Inspection.
322 Table A-44 Guide for Estimating Steaming Capacity Based on Heating Surface
A-22.11 Test Gages.
A-24 Table PG-23.1
A-25 Table PG-23.2
A-26 Table PG-23.3
A-27 Table PG-23.4
A-28 Figures G and CS-1 Through CS-6
Suggested Rules Covering Existing Installations
A-30  
Pressure Relief Valves for Power Boilers
A-44  
A-45  
323 A-46  
A-48  
A-63  
A-64 Repairs to Existing Boilers
Examples of Methods of Computation of Openings in Vessel Shells
A-65  
324 Figure A-66 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations
A-66  
325 A-67  
326 Figure A-67 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations
327 Figure A-68 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations
A-68  
328 A-69  
329 Figure A-69 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations
332 A-70  
333 Figure A-70.1 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations
335 Figure A-70.2 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations
336 Examples of Computation of Allowable Loading on Structural Attachments to Tubes
A-71  
337 Figure A-71 Structural Attachment With Radial Load
Figure A-72 Structural Attachment With Eccentric Load
Figure A-73 Structural Attachment With Moment Load
Figure A-74 Structural Attachment on Tube Bend
A-72  
A-73  
338 A-74  
339 Figure A-75-1 Example of Nozzle Attached by Riveting
Computations of Typical Nozzle Fittings Attached by Rivets
A-75 Example
341 Table A-75-1
A-76 Examples of Methods to Determine Ligament Efficiency
342 Figure A-76-1 Example of Determining Ligament Efficiency per PG-53.2.1 and PG-53.2.2
Preheating
A-101 Heating and Cooling Rates for Postweld Heat Treatment
Rounded Indication Charts
A-250 Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indications in Welds
A-250.1 Applicability of These Standards.
343 Table A-250.3.2 Maximum Permissible Size of Rounded Indication (Examples Only)
A-250.2 Terminology.
A-250.3 Acceptance Criteria.
344 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
A-260  
A-260.1 Scope.
A-260.2 Certification of Personnel.
A-260.3 Evaluation of Indications.
A-260.4 Definitions.
A-260.5 Acceptance Standards.
Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT)
A-270  
A-270.1 Scope.
345 Figure A-250.3.4-1 Aligned Rounded Indications
346 Figure A-250.3.4-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
347 Figure A-250.3.6-1 Charts for t 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) to 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), Inclusive
Figure A-250.3.6-2 Charts for t Over 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) to 3⁄8 in. (10 mm), Inclusive
348 Figure A-250.3.6-3 Charts for t Over 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) to 3⁄4 in. (19 mm), Inclusive
Figure A-250.3.6-4 Charts for t Over 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) to 2 in. (50 mm), Inclusive
349 Figure A-250.3.6-5 Charts for t Over 2 in. (50 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm), Inclusive
350 Figure A-250.3.6-6 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm)
A-270.2 Certification of Personnel.
A-270.3 Evaluation of Indications.
A-270.4 Definitions.
351 A-270.5 Acceptance Standards.
Quality Control System
A-301 General
A-301.1 Quality Control System.
A-302 Outline of Features to be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System
A-302.1 Authority and Responsibility.
A-302.2 Organization.
A-302.3 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control.
A-302.4 Material Control.
352 A-302.5 Examination and Inspection Program.
A-302.6 Correction of Nonconformities.
A-302.7 Welding.
A-302.8 Nondestructive Examination.
A-302.9 Heat Treatment.
A-302.10 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment.
A-302.11 Records Retention.
A-302.12 Sample Forms.
A-302.13 Inspection of Boilers and Boiler Parts.
A-302.14 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves.
A-302.15 Certifications.
A-311 Laboratory, Personnel, and Test Requirements for Capacity Certification
353 A-317 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure
A-317.1 General.
A-317.2 Equation for Calculation.
A-317.3 Notes.
354 Data Report Forms and Guides
A-350 Guides for Completing Manufacturers’ Data Report Forms
355 Form P-2 Manufacturer’s Data Report for All Types of Boilers Except Watertube and Electric
357 Table A-351 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2 (See PG-112.2.1)
359 Form P-2A Manufacturer’s Data Report for All Types of Electric Boilers
362 Table A-351.1 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2A (See PG-112.2.1.1)
364 Form P-2B Manufacturer’s Data Report for Electric Superheaters and Reheaters
366 Table A-351.2 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2B (See PG-112.2.1.2)
368 Form P-3 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Watertube Boilers, Superheaters, Waterwalls, and Economizers
371 Table A-352 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-3 (See PG-112.2.2)
372 Form P-3A Engineering-Contractor Data Report for a Complete Boiler Unit
374 Table A-353 Guide for Completing Engineering-Contractor Data Report for a Complete Boiler Unit, Form P-3A (See PG-112.2.3)
375 Form P-4 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report
378 Table A-354 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report, Form P-4 (See PG-112.2.4)
380 Form P-4A Manufacturer’s Data Report for Fabricated Piping
382 Table A-354.1 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-4A (See PG-112.2.5)
383 Table A-354.2 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-4B (See PG-112.2.5)
Form P-4B Manufacturer’s Data Report for Field Installed Mechanically Assembled Piping
384 Form P-5 Summary Data Report for Process Steam Generators
385 Table A-355 Guide for Completing Summary Data Report for Process Steam Generators, Form P-5 (See PG-112.2.6)
386 Form P-6 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
387 Form P-7 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Relief Valves
389 Table A-356 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Relief Valves, Form P-7 (See PG-112.2.8)
390 Table A-357 Guide to Data Report Forms Distribution
391 Form P-8 Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance for Pressure Relief Valves
392 Table A-358 Guide for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance, Form P-8
393 Form PL-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Locomotive Boilers
397 Table A-359 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report for Locomotive Boilers, Form PL-1 (See PG-112.2.9)
398 Codes, Standards, and Specifications Referenced in Text
A-360 Referenced Standards
Sample Calculations for External Pressure Design
A-381  
A-381.1 Determine Maximum Allowable External Working Pressure.
399 Table A-360 Codes, Standards, and Specifications Referenced in Text
400 A-381.2 Required Moment of Inertia.
401 A-382  
A-382.1 MAWP for the Morison Section.
A-382.2 MAWP for the Plain Section.
402 A-383  
A-383.1 Find MAWP for t = 0.125 in.
403 A-383.2 Find MAWP for t = 0.2 in.
404 Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
A-391 Use of Units in Equations
A-392 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents
406 A-393 Soft Conversion Factors
A-400 Pressure Relief Valve Capacity Correction Factors
407 Table A-400 Supercritical Correction Factor, KSC
410 Table A-400M Supercritical Correction Factor, KSC
414 Table A-401 Superheat Correction Factor, Ksh
416 Table A-401M Superheat Correction Factor, Ksh
419 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION PRACTICE
B-1 Introduction
B-2 Definitions
B-3 Scope
B-4 Basis
420 Table B-1 Identification Elements
B-5 Materials
B-6 Written Practice
B-7 Method
421 B-8 Acceptance Criteria
B-9 Sampling Plan
B-10 Documentation
422 B-11 Identification
423 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C LOCAL HEATING OF WELDS IN CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS OF P-NO. 15E MATERIALS WHEN USING ELECTRIC RESISTANCE HEATING
424 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CORROSION, EROSION, AND STEAM OXIDATION OF BOILER TUBES
D-1 Introduction
D-2 Corrosion — Fireside of Waterwall Boiler Tubes
425 D-2.1 Influence of Chlorine on Furnace-Wall Corrosion
D-2.2 Effect of NOx Emission Control Technology
D-2.3 Acid Dew-Point Corrosion
426 D-2.4 Corrosion — Fireside of Reheater and Superheater Tubes
D-2.5 Steam-Side Oxidation
D-3 Ash-Particle Impact Erosion
428 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
E-1 Introduction
E-2 Examination Volume
E-3 Demonstration Standard
E-4 Procedure Qualification
E-5 Initial Examination
E-6 Personnel Qualification
429 Table E-3-1 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) to Less Than 1 in. (25 mm) Thick Weld
Table E-3-2 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for 1 in. (25 mm) to 12 in. (300 mm) Thick Weld
Table E-3-3 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Larger Than 12 in. (300 mm) Thick Weld
E-7 Flaw Sizing
430 Figure E-7-1 Single Indications
431 Figure E-7-2 Multiple Planar Flaws Oriented in Plane Normal to Pressure-Retaining Surface
432 Figure E-7-3 Surface and Subsurface Flaws
433 Figure E-7-4 Nonaligned Coplanar Flaws in Plane Normal to Pressure-Retaining Surface (Illustrative Flaw Configurations)
434 Figure E-7-5 Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws
435 E-8 Flaw Evaluation and Acceptance Criteria
436 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR DISSIMILAR METAL WELDS BETWEEN CSEF AND AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS
F-1 Introduction
F-2 Best Practice Guidelines for Design and Fabrication
F-2.1 Location
F-2.2 Loading
437 Figure F-2.2-1 Difference in Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for Grade 91 and Common Nickel-Base Filler Metals
F-3 Fabrication
F-3.1 Filler Metals
438 F-3.2 Transition Pieces
F-4 Alternative Weld Geometries for DMWs
F-5 Welding Technique
439 Figure F-4-1 Examples of Improved Performance DMW Joint Designs
F-6 Postweld Heat Treatment
F-7 Postweld Surface Profiling
F-8 Tube-to-Tube Butt Welds
F-9 Thick-Section Welds
F-10 Attachments to Piping and Headers
440 F-11 Attachments to Tubing
F-12 Thermowells
F-13 Steam Flow Elements
F-14 Drain Lines
F-15 Postconstruction and Monitoring
442 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX G GUIDE TO THE RELOCATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPACITY CERTIFICATION OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES
443 ENDNOTES

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