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ASME BPVC VIII 2 2021

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ASME BPVC – VIII – 2 -2021 BPVC Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 2, Alternative Rules

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ASME 2021 873
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This Division of Section VIII provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. Such vessels may be fired or unfired. This pressure may be obtained from an external source or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof. These rules provide an alternative to the minimum requirements for pressure vessels under Division 1 rules. In comparison the Division 1, Division 2 requirements on materials, design, and nondestructive examination are more rigorous; however, higher design stress intensify values are permitted. Division 2 rules cover only vessels to be installed in a fixed location for a specific service where operation and maintenance control is retained during the useful life of the vessel by the user who prepares or causes to be prepared the design specifications. These rules may also apply to human occupancy pressure vessels typically in the diving industry. Rules pertaining to the use of the U2 and UV ASME Product Certification Marks are also included. Careful application of this Section will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for manufacturers, users, constructors, designers and others concerned with the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection and testing of pressure vessels, plus all potential governing entities.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
59 1.1 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division
60 1.2 Standard Units for Use in Equations
64 1-C.1 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions for Fractions
1-C.2 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions
65 1-C.3 Typical Size or Length Conversions
1-C.4 Typical Nominal Pipe Size Conversions
66 1-C.5 Typical Area Conversions
1-C.6 Typical Volume Conversions
1-C.7 Typical Pressure Conversions
67 1-C.8 Typical Strength Conversions
1-C.9 Typical Temperature Conversions
68 1-C.10 Conversion Factors
76 2-A.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the Userā€™s Design Specification
78 2-B.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the Manufacturerā€™s Design Report
82 2-D.1 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturerā€™s Data Reports
84 2-D.2 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturerā€™s Data Reports for Layered Vessels
85 A-1 Manufacturerā€™s Data Report for Pressure Vessels
88 A-1P Manufacturerā€™s Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers
90 A-2 Manufacturerā€™s Partial Data Report
93 A-3 Manufacturerā€™s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
94 A-3L Manufacturerā€™s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
95 A-4 Manufacturerā€™s Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
103 2-F.1 Form of Stamping
108 2-J.1 Design Activities Requiring a Certifying Engineer
143 3.1 Material Specifications
3.2 Composition Requirements for 2.25Crā€“1Moā€“0.25V Weld Metal
144 3.3 Toughness Requirements for 2.25Crā€“1Mo Materials
3.4 Low Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
145 3.5 High Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.6 Aluminum Alloy, Copper, and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
146 3.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.8 Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 5
3.9 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of Less Than 50 mm (2 in.)
147 3.10 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of 50 mm to 305 mm (2 in. to 12 in.)
3.11 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below the Minimum Design Metal Temperature
3.12 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.3 and 3.3M)
148 3.13 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.4 and 3.4M)
149 3.14 Impact Test Exemption Curves ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.7 and 3.7M)
3.15 Impact Test Exemption Curves ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.8 and 3.8M)
150 3.16 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.12 and 3.12M)
151 3.17 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.13 and 3.13M)
3.18 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal
152 3.1 Crā€“Mo Heat Treatment Criteria
153 3.2 Typical Locations for Tensile Specimens
154 3.3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT
155 3.3M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT
156 3.4 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
157 3.4M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
158 3.5 Illustration of Lateral Expansion in a Broken Charpy V-Notch Specimen
159 3.6 Lateral Expansion Requirements
3.6M Lateral Expansion Requirements
160 3.7 Impact Test Exemption Curves ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT
162 3.7M Impact Test Exemption Curves ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT
164 3.8 Impact Test Exemption Curves ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
166 3.8M Impact Test Exemption Curves ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
168 3.9 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
169 3.10 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
170 3.11 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
171 3.12 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT
172 3.12M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing ā€” Parts Not Subject to PWHT
173 3.13 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
174 3.13M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing ā€” Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
175 3.14 Orientation and Location of Transverse Charpy V-Notch Specimens
176 3.15 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content
3.16 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal
178 3-A.1 Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Materials
183 3-A.2 Quenched and Tempered High Strength Steels
184 3-A.3 High Alloy Steel
190 3-A.4 Aluminum Alloys
3-A.5 Copper Alloys
191 3-A.6 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
193 3-A.7 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
194 3-A.8 Ferrous Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
195 3-A.9 Aluminum Alloy and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
196 3-A.10 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
3-A.11 Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 5
203 3-D.1 Stressā€“Strain Curve Parameters
3-D.2 Cyclic Stressā€“Strain Curve Data
205 3-D.2M Cyclic Stressā€“Strain Curve Data
211 3-F.1 Smooth Bar Fatigue Curve Stress Amplitude Correction Equations
212 3-F.2 Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
3-F.2M Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
213 3-F.1 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Ļƒuts ā‰¤ 80 ksi
3-F.1M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Ļƒuts ā‰¤ 552 MPa
214 3-F.2 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Ļƒuts = 115 ksi to 130 ksi
3-F.2M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Ļƒuts = 793 MPa to 892 MPa
215 3-F.3 Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Nickelā€“Chromiumā€“Iron Alloy, Nickelā€“Ironā€“Chromium Alloy, and Nickelā€“Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800Ā°F
3-F.3M Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Nickelā€“Chromiumā€“Iron Alloy, Nickelā€“Ironā€“Chromium Alloy, and Nickelā€“Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427Ā°C
216 3-F.4 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70ā€“30 Copperā€“Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Ļƒys ā‰¤ 18 ksi
3-F.4M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70ā€“30 Copperā€“Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Ļƒys ā‰¤ 134 MPa
217 3-F.5 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70ā€“30 Copperā€“Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Ļƒys = 30 ksi
3-F.5M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70ā€“30 Copperā€“Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Ļƒys = 207 MPa
218 3-F.6 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70ā€“30 Copperā€“Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Ļƒys = 45 ksi
3-F.6M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70ā€“30 Copperā€“Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Ļƒys = 310 MPa
219 3-F.7 Fatigue Curve for Nickelā€“Chromiumā€“Molybdenumā€“Iron, Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800Ā°F
3-F.7M Fatigue Curve for Nickelā€“Chromiumā€“Molybdenumā€“Iron, Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427Ā°C
220 3-F.8 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Maximum Nominal Stress ā‰¤ 2.7SM
3-F.8M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Maximum Nominal Stress ā‰¤ 2.7SM
221 3-F.9 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700Ā°F ā€” Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
3-F.9M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371Ā°C ā€” Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
228 4.1.1 Design Loads
4.1.2 Design Load Combinations
229 4.1.3 Load Factor, Ī², and Pressure Test Factors, Ī²T, Ī³min, and Ī³St/S, for Class 1 and Class 2 Construction and Hydrostatic or Pneumatic Testing
235 4.2.1 Definition of Weld Categories
236 4.2.2 Definition of Weld Joint Types
4.2.3 Definition of Material Types for Welding and Fabrication Requirements
4.2.4 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Shell Seams
238 4.2.5 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Formed Heads
240 4.2.6 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Unstayed Flat Heads, Tubesheets Without a Bolting Flange, and Side Plates of Rectangular Pressure Vessels
241 4.2.7 Some Acceptable Weld Joints With Butt Weld Hubs
242 4.2.8 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Attachment of Tubesheets With a Bolting Flange
4.2.9 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Flange Attachments
245 4.2.10 Some Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Not Readily Radiographable
247 4.2.11 Some Acceptable Pad Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
249 4.2.12 Some Acceptable Fitting-Type Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
250 4.2.13 Some Acceptable Welded Nozzle Attachments That Are Readily Radiographable
252 4.2.14 Some Acceptable Partial Penetration Nozzle Attachments
253 4.2.15 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness
4.2.16 Corner Welds for Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
254 4.2.1 Weld Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, D, and E
255 4.2.2 Some Bracket, Lug, and Stiffener Attachment Weld Details
256 4.2.3 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings
257 4.2.4 Some Acceptable Skirt Weld Details
271 4.3.1 Large End Junction
272 4.3.2 Small End Junction
273 4.3.3 Pressure Applied to Large End Junction
274 4.3.4 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Large End Junction
275 4.3.5 Pressure Applied to Small End Junction
276 4.3.6 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Small End Junction
277 4.3.7 Stress Calculations ā€” Knuckle ā€” Large End Cylinder
278 4.3.8 Stress Calculations ā€” Flare ā€” Small End Cylinder
280 4.3.1 Conical Shell
4.3.2 Offset Transition Detail
281 4.3.3 Torispherical Head of Uniform Thickness
4.3.4 Torispherical Head of Different Thickness of Dome and Knuckle
4.3.5 Ellipsoidal Head
282 4.3.6 Local Thin Band in a Cylindrical Shell
283 4.3.7 Shells Subjected to Supplemental Loadings
284 4.3.8 Conical Transition Details
285 4.3.9 Reinforcement Requirements for Conical Transition Junction
286 4.3.10 Parameters for Knuckle and Flare Design
303 4.4.1 Maximum Metal Temperature for Compressive Stress Rules
4.4.2 Algorithm for Computation of Predicted Inelastic Buckling Stress, Fic
304 4.4.1 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Typical Vessel Configurations
305 4.4.2 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Cylindrical Shells
306 4.4.3 Stiffener Ring Parameters
307 4.4.4 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure
308 4.4.5 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of a Gap in the Stiffening Ring of a Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure
309 4.4.6 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shells
310 4.4.7 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shell Transitions With or Without a Knuckle
331 4.5.1 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections
4.5.2 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements
332 4.5.1 Nomenclature for Reinforced Openings
333 4.5.2 Nomenclature for Variable Thickness Openings
334 4.5.3 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
335 4.5.4 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
336 4.5.5 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle From the Longitudinal Axis
337 4.5.6 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
338 4.5.7 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Perpendicular to the Longitudinal Axis
339 4.5.8 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Parallel to the Longitudinal Axis
340 4.5.9 Radial Nozzle in a Formed Head
341 4.5.10 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
342 4.5.11 Example of Two Adjacent Nozzle Openings
4.5.12 Example of Three Adjacent Nozzle Openings
343 4.5.13 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-in Nozzles
344 4.5.14 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-on Nozzles
348 4.6.1 C Parameter for Flat Head Designs
352 4.6.2 Junction Stress Equations for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
4.6.3 Stress Acceptance Criteria for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
353 4.6.1 Integral Flat Head With a Large Central Opening
360 4.7.1 Type A Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.1 Junction Stress Equations and Acceptance Criteria for a Type D Head
361 4.7.2 Type B Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.3 Type C Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
362 4.7.4 Type D Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.5 Type D Head Geometry for Alternative Design Procedure
365 4.9.1 Stress Factor for Braced and Stayed Surfaces
366 4.9.1 Typical Forms of Welded Staybolts
368 4.10.1 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row
4.10.2 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row
369 4.10.3 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row
4.10.4 Example of Tube Spacing With the Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines
370 4.10.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
371 4.10.6 Diagram for Determining the Equivalent Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
375 4.11.1 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Shell
381 4.11.2 Design of Jacket Penetration Details
383 4.11.3 Coefficients for Eq. (4.11.5)
385 4.11.1 Types of Jacketed Vessels
386 4.11.2 Types of Partial Jackets
387 4.11.3 Half Pipe Jackets
397 4.12.1 Noncircular Vessel Configurations and Types
398 4.12.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 1 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section)
400 4.12.3 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 2 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Unequal Side Plate Thicknesses)
401 4.12.4 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 3 Noncircular Vessels (Chamfered Rectangular Cross Section)
403 4.12.5 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 4 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section)
404 4.12.6 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 5 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
406 4.12.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
411 4.12.8 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 7 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
412 4.12.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 8 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Double-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
413 4.12.10 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 9 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section)
414 4.12.11 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 10 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Obround Cross Section)
416 4.12.12 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 11 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
417 4.12.13 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 12 Noncircular Vessels (Circular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate)
418 4.12.14 Effective Width Coefficient
419 4.12.15 Compressive Stress Calculations
420 4.12.1 Type 1 Noncircular Vessels
421 4.12.2 Type 2 Noncircular Vessels
422 4.12.3 Type 3 Noncircular Vessels
423 4.12.4 Type 4 Noncircular Vessels
424 4.12.5 Type 5 Noncircular Vessels
425 4.12.6 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels
426 4.12.7 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels
427 4.12.8 Type 7 Noncircular Vessels
428 4.12.9 Type 8 Noncircular Vessels
429 4.12.10 Type 9 Noncircular Vessels
430 4.12.11 Type 10 Noncircular Vessels
431 4.12.12 Type 11 Noncircular Vessels
432 4.12.13 Type 12 Noncircular Vessels
4.12.14 Multi-Diameter Holes
433 4.12.15 Rectangular Vessels With Multiple Compartments
440 4.13.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types
441 4.13.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types
442 4.13.3 Transitions of Layered Shell Sections
443 4.13.4 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered-to-Layered and Layered-to-Solid Sections
444 4.13.5 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
447 4.13.6 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections
448 4.13.7 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells
449 4.13.8 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells
450 4.13.9 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
452 4.13.10 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels
453 4.13.11 Gap Between Vessel Layers
4.14.1 LTA Blend Radius Requirements
462 4.15.1 Stress Coefficients for Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Supports
463 4.15.1 Horizontal Vessel on Saddle Supports
464 4.15.2 Cylindrical Shell Without Stiffening Rings
465 4.15.3 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings in the Plane of the Saddle
466 4.15.4 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings on Both Sides of the Saddle
467 4.15.5 Locations of Maximum Longitudinal Normal Stress and Shear Stress in the Cylinder
468 4.15.6 Locations of Maximum Circumferential Normal Stresses in the Cylinder
469 4.15.7 Skirt Attachment Location on Vertical Vessels
470 4.15.8 A Typical Hot-Box Arrangement for Skirt Supported Vertical Vessels
477 4.16.1 Gasket Factors for Determining the Bolt Loads
479 4.16.2 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Width
4.16.3 Effective Gasket Width for Determining the Bolt Loads
481 4.16.4 Flange Stress Factors Equations Involving Diameter
483 4.16.5 Flange Stress Factor Equations
485 4.16.6 Moment Arms for Flange Loads for the Operating Condition
4.16.7 Flange Moments of Inertia
486 4.16.8 Flange Stress Equations
4.16.9 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
487 4.16.10 Flange Rigidity Criterion
488 4.16.11 Bolt Spacing Equations
4.16.12 Moment Factor, FM
489 4.16.1 Integral Type Flanges
490 4.16.2 Integral Type Flanges With a Hub
491 4.16.3 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops ā€” Diameter Less Than or Equal to 450 mm (18 in.)
492 4.16.4 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops ā€” Diameter Greater Than 450 mm (18 in.)
493 4.16.5 Loose Type Flanges
494 4.16.6 Loose-Type Lap Joint Type Flanges
495 4.16.7 Reverse Flanges
496 4.16.8 Location of Gasket Reaction Load Diameter
503 4.17.1 Flange Stress Equations
504 4.17.2 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
505 4.17.1 Typical Hub and Clamp Configuration
506 4.17.2 Typical Clamp Lugs Configurations
543 4.18.1 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poissonā€™s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
544 4.18.2 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poissonā€™s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
4.18.3 Evaluation of Za, Zd, Zv, Zw, Zm, and Fm
546 4.18.4 Evaluation of Ft,min and Ft,max
4.18.5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joint Load Cases and Stress Limits
547 4.18.6 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W*
4.18.7 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for the Design Condition
4.18.8 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
4.18.9 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
548 4.18.1 Terminology of Heat Exchanger Components
549 4.18.2 Tubesheet Geometry
550 4.18.3 Typical Untubed Lane Configurations
551 4.18.4 U-Tube Tubesheet Configurations
552 4.18.5 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations
553 4.18.6 Zd, Zv, Zw, and Zm Versus Xa
554 4.18.7 Fm Versus Xa (0.0 ā‰¤ Q3 ā‰¤ 0.8)
555 4.18.8 Fm Versus Xa (āˆ’0.8 ā‰¤ Q3 ā‰¤ 0.0)
4.18.9 Different Shell Thickness and/or Material Adjacent to the Tubesheets
556 4.18.10 Floating Tubesheet Heat Exchangers
557 4.18.11 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations
558 4.18.12 Floating Tubesheet Configurations
559 4.18.13 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Strength Welds
560 4.18.14 Tube Layout Perimeter
561 4.18.15 Integral Channels
562 4.18.16 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the Tubesheet Flanged Extension, hr
4.18.17 Kettle Shell
563 4.18.18 Location of Tubesheet Metal Temperature, TŹ¹, at the Rim
564 4.18.19 Nozzles Adjacent to Tubesheets
577 4.19.1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of 4.19
578 4.19.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
579 4.19.3 Method to Determine Coefficient Cp
580 4.19.4 Method to Determine Coefficient Cf
4.19.5 Method to Determine Coefficient Cd
581 4.19.6 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows
582 4.19.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
583 4.19.8 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows
584 4.19.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for Toroidal Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
585 4.19.10 Stress and Axial Stiffness Coefficients for Toroidal Bellows
586 4.19.11 Allowable Number of Cycles for Toroidal Bellows
587 4.19.1 Typical Bellows Expansion Joints
588 4.19.2 Starting Points for the Measurement of the Length of Shell on Each Side of Bellows
589 4.19.3 Possible Convolution Profile in Neutral Position
4.19.4 Dimensions to Determine Ixx
590 4.19.5 Bellows Subjected to an Axial Displacement x
4.19.6 Bellows Subjected to a Lateral Deflection y
591 4.19.7 Bellows Subjected to an Angular Rotation Īø
592 4.19.8 Cyclic Displacements
4.19.9 Cyclic Displacements
593 4.19.10 Cyclic Displacements
594 4.19.11 Some Typical Expansion Bellows Attachment Welds
595 4.19.12 Cp Versus C1 and C2
596 4.19.13 Cf Versus C1 and C2
597 4.19.14 Cd Versus C1 and C2
598 4.19.1 Metric Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, Metric Units
599 4.19.2 U.S. Customary Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, U.S. Customary Units
602 4.20.1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
603 4.20.2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element
611 4.21.1 Efficiencies for Welded and/or Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
612 4.21.1 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints Acceptable to Determine Joint Strength by Calculation
613 4.21.2 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
614 4.21.3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
627 TEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS)
629 TEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form
631 TEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR)
661 5.1 Loads and Load Cases to Be Considered in a Design
662 5.2 Load Combination Parameters
663 5.3 Load Case Combinations and Allowable Stresses for an Elastic Analysis
664 5.4 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for a Limit-Load Analysis
5.5 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for an Elasticā€“Plastic Analysis
665 5.6 Examples of Stress Classification
667 5.7 Uniaxial Strain Limit for Use in Multiaxial Strain Limit Criterion
5.8 Temperature Factors for Fatigue-Screening Criteria
668 5.9 Fatigue-Screening Criteria for Method A
5.10 Fatigue-Screening Criteria Factors for Method B
5.11 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
669 5.12 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
5.13 Fatigue Penalty Factors for Fatigue Analysis
670 5.1 Stress Categories and Limits of Equivalent Stress
671 5.2 Example of Girth Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
5.3 Example of Circumferential Butt Weld Attachment Between Layered Sections in Zone of Discontinuity
672 5.4 An Example of Circle Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
678 5-A.1 Structural Stress Definitions for Continuum Finite Elements
679 5-A.2 Structural Stress Definitions for Shell or Plate Finite Elements
680 5-A.1 Stress Classification Line (SCL) and Stress Classification Plane (SCP)
681 5-A.2 Stress Classification Lines (SCLs)
682 5-A.3 Stress Classification Line Orientation and Validity Guidelines
683 5-A.4 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Stress Integration Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
684 5-A.5 Continuum Finite Element Model Stress Classification Line for the Structural Stress Method
685 5-A.6 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using Nodal Force Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
686 5-A.7 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Continuum Elements
687 5-A.8 Processing Structural Stress Method Results for a Symmetric Structural Stress Range
688 5-A.9 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Shell Elements
689 5-A.10 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Shell Elements
690 5-A.11 Element Sets for Processing Finite Element Nodal Stress Results With the Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
701 5-D.1 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Spherical Shells and Portions of Formed Heads
5-D.2 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Cylindrical Shells
702 5-D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals
703 5-D.1 Direction of Stress Components
704 5-D.2 Nozzle Nomenclature and Dimensions
705 5-D.3 Nomenclature and Loading for Laterals
714 5-E.1 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
5-E.2 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
715 5-E.3 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
5-E.4 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
716 5-E.5 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poissonā€™s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Triangular Hole Pattern
717 5-E.6 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poissonā€™s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern ā€” Pitch Direction
718 5-E.7 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poissonā€™s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern ā€” Diagonal Direction
719 5-E.8 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
720 5-E.9 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
721 5-E.10 Equations for Determining Stress Components Based on the Results From an Equivalent Plate Analysis for an Equilateral Rectangular Hole Pattern
5-E.11 Stress Factor Kx Coefficients ā€” Triangular Hole Pattern
723 5-E.12 Stress Factor Ky Coefficients ā€” Triangular Hole Pattern
724 5-E.13 Stress Factor Kxy Coefficients ā€” Triangular Hole Pattern
726 5-E.14 Stress Factor Kxz Coefficients ā€” Triangular Hole Pattern
727 5-E.15 Stress Factor Kyz Coefficients ā€” Triangular Hole Pattern
729 5-E.16 Stress Factors Kx and Ky Coefficients ā€” Rectangular Hole Pattern
730 5-E.17 Stress Factor Kxy ā€” Square Hole Pattern
731 5-E.18 Stress Factors Kxz and Kyz ā€” Square Hole Pattern
732 5-E.19 Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Analysis (See Figure 5-E.3)
733 5-E.1 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
734 5-E.2 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
735 5-E.3 Boundary Conditions for Numerical Analysis
736 5-E.4 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Triangular Pattern Holes
737 5-E.5 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Square Pattern Holes
743 5-F.1 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram
744 5-F.2 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram for Accelerated Tests
775 6.1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains
6.2.A Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials
776 6.2.B Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for High Alloy Materials
777 6.3 Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials
6.4 Maximum Allowable Offset in Welded Joints
778 6.5 Welding Process Application Limitations
6.6 Maximum Reinforcement for Welded Joints
779 6.7 Minimum Preheat Temperatures for Welding
780 6.8 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 1, Group 1, 2, 3
781 6.9 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 3, Group 1, 2, 3
782 6.10 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 4, Group 1, 2
783 6.11 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 5A; P-No. 5B, Group 1; and P-No. 5C, Group 1
784 6.11.A Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 15E, Group 1
785 6.12 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 6, Group 1, 2, 3
786 6.13 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 7, Group 1, 2; and P-No. 8
787 6.14 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 9A, Group 1, and P-No. 9B, Group 1
789 6.15 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 10A, Group 1; P-No. 10C, Group 1; P-No. 10H, Group 1; P-No. 10I, Group 1; P-No. 10K, Group 1; and P-No. 45
792 6.16 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements
6.17 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Quenched and Tempered Materials in Table 3-A.2
793 6.18 Quench and Tempered Steels Conditionally Exempt From Production Impact Tests
794 6.19 High Nickel Alloy Filler for Quench and Tempered Steels
6.20 Mandrel Radius for Guided Bend Tests for Forged Fabrication
795 6.21 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
796 6.1 Peaking Height at a Category A Joint
6.2 Weld Toe Dressing
797 6.3 Forged Bottle Construction
798 6.4 Solid-to-Layer and Layer-to-Layer Test Plates
799 6.5 Tensile Specimens for Layered Vessel Construction
800 6.6 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
808 6-A.9.2-1 Technical Data Sheet for PMI
823 7.1 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
824 7.2 Nondestructive Examination
828 7.3 Selection of Nondestructive Testing Method for Full Penetration Joints
7.4 Nondestructive Examination of Layered Vessels
829 7.5 NDE Techniques, Method, Characterization, Acceptance Criteria
7.6 Visual Examination Acceptance Criteria
831 7.7 Radiographic Acceptance Standards for Rounded Indications (Examples Only)
7.8 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 6 mm (1/4 in.) and Less Than 13 mm (1/2 in.)
832 7.9 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 13 mm (1/2 in.) and Less Than 25 mm (1 in.)
7.10 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 25 mm (1 in.) and Less Than or Equal to 300 mm (12 in.)
833 7.11 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Equal to or Greater Than 400 mm (16 in.)
834 7.1 Examination of Layered Vessels
835 7.2 Examination of Layered Vessels
836 7.3 Aligned Rounded Indications
7.4 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
837 7.5 Charts for 3 mm (1/8 in.) to 6 mm (1/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.6 Charts for Over 6 mm (1/4 in.) to 10 mm (3/8 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
838 7.7 Charts for Over 10 mm (3/8 in.) to 19 mm (3/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
839 7.8 Charts for Over 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 50 mm (2 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
840 7.9 Charts for Over 50 mm (2 in.) to 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
841 7.10 Charts for Over 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness
842 7.11 Flaw Classification of Single Indication
843 7.12 Surface Flaw Acceptance Criteria
845 7.13 Subsurface Flaw Acceptance Criteria
847 7.14 Multiple Planar Flaws Oriented in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
848 7.15 Surface and Subsurface Flaws
849 7.16 Nonaligned Coplanar Flaws in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
850 7.17 Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws
851 7.18 Dimension a for Partial Penetration and Fillet Welds
7.19 Dimensions a and d for a Partial Penetration Corner Weld
854 7-A.1 Inspection and Examination Activities and Responsibilities/Duties
871 9-B.1-1 Cross-Reference List
ASME BPVC VIII 2 2021
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