ASME PTC 19.5 2004 RA2013

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ASME PTC 19.5 Flow Measurement

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2004	184

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Description

The object of this Document is to define and describe the proper measurement of any flow required or recommended by any of the Performance Test Codes. Flow measurements performed as specified herein satisfy the requirements of all revelant ISO flow measurement standards in effect at the time of publication. This Document describes the techniques and methods of all flow measurements required or recommended by the Performance Test Codes. Newer flow measurement techniques of comparably high accuracy are included to provide alternative flow measurements for special situations in which deviations from the requirements of a code are agreed to be necessary. This is a supplementary Document that does not supersede the mandatory requirements of any code unless such an agreement has been expressed in writing prior to testing.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
5	CONTENTS
7	FIGURES
9	TABLES
10	NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
11	NOTICE
12	FOREWORD
13	COMMITTEE ROSTER
15	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 19.5 COMMITTEE
17	Section 1 Object and Scope 1-1 OBJECT 1-2 SCOPE
18	Section 2 Definitions, Values, and Descriptions of Terms 2-1 PRIMARY DEFINITIONS AND SYSTEMS OF UNITS 2-2 HISTORICAL DEFINITIONS OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
19	2-3 SYMBOLS AND DIMENSIONS
20	2-4 THERMAL EXPANSION 2-5 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
21	2-3.1-1 Conversions to SI (Metric) Units
23	2-3.1-2 Conversion Factors for Pressure (Force/Area)
24	2-3.1-3 Conversion Factors for Specific Volume (Volume/Mass)
25	2-3.1-4 Conversion Factors for Specific Enthalpy and Specific Energy (Energy/Mass)
26	2-3.1-5 Conversion Factors for Specific Enthropy, Specific Heat, and Gas Constant [Energy/(Mass X Temperature)]
27	2-3.1-6 Conversion Factors for Viscosity (Force X Time/Area ~ Mass/Length X Time)
28	2-3.1-7 Conversion Factors for Kinematic Viscosity (Area/Time)
29	2-3.1-8 Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity (Energy/Time X Length X Temperature Difference ~ Power/Length X Temperature Difference)
30	2-4.2-1 Thermal Expansion Data for Selected Materials — SI Units
32	2-4.2-2 Thermal Expansion Data for Selected Materials — U.S. Customary Units
34	2-4.3 Coefficients for Thermal Expansion Equation in °C
35	Section 3 Differential Pressure Class Meters 3-0 NOMENCLATURE 3-1 GENERAL EQUATION FOR MASS FLOW RATE THROUGH A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METER
36	3-2 BASIC PHYSICAL CONCEPTS USED IN THE DERIVATION OF THE GENERAL EQUATION FOR MASS FLOW 3-3 THEORETICAL FLOW RATE — LIQUID AS THE FLOWING FLUID 3-1 Values of Constants in the General Equation for Various Units
37	3-4 THEORETICAL FLOW RATE — GAS OR VAPOR AS THE FLOWING FLUID 3-5 ERRORS INTRODUCED IN THEORETICAL MASS FLOW RATE BY IDEALIZED FLOW ASSUMPTIONS 3-6 DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C IN THE INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID EQUATION 3-7 DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C AND THE EXPANSION FACTOR FOR GASES
38	3-9 DETERMINING COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE FOR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METERS
39	3-10 THERMAL EXPANSION/CONTRACTION OF PIPE AND PRIMARY ELEMENT 3-11 SELECTION AND RECOMMENDED USE OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METERS
40	3-12 RESTRICTIONS OF USE 3-13 PROCEDURE FOR SIZING A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METER 3-14 FLOW CALCULATION PROCEDURE 3-11.3 Summary Uncertainty of Discharge Coefficient and Expansion Factor
41	3-15 SAMPLE CALCULATION 3-15 Natural Gas Analysis
43	3-16 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
44	Section 4 Orifice Meters 4-0 NOMENCLATURE 4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-2 TYPES OF THIN-PLATE, SQUARE-EDGED ORIFICES 4-3 CODE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS 4-4 MULTIPLE SETS OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TAPS 4-5 MACHINING TOLERANCES, DIMENSIONS, AND MARKINGS FOR ORIFICE PLATE
45	4-2-1 Location of Pressure Taps for Orifices With Flange Taps and With D and D/2 Taps
46	4-2-2 Location of Pressure Taps for Orifices With Corner Taps
47	4-5 Standard Orifice Plate 4-5.1 Deflection of an Orifice Plate by Differential Pressure
48	4-6 MACHINING TOLERANCES AND DIMENSIONS FOR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TAPS 4-5.1 Minimum Plate Thickness, E, for Stainless Steel Orifice Plate
50	4-7 LOCATION OF TEMPERATURE AND STATIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS 4-8 EMPIRICAL FORMULATIONS FOR DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C
51	4-9 LIMITATIONS AND UNCERTAINTY OF EQS. (4-8.1) THROUGH (4-8.7) FOR DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C 4-10 UNCERTAINTY OF EXPANSION FACTOR 4-11 UNRECOVERABLE PRESSURE LOSS 4-12 CALCULATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS FLOW MEASUREMENT STEADY STATE UNCERTAINTY
52	4-12.1 Sensitivity Coefficients in the General Equation for Differential Pressure Meters
53	4-12.2.2 Example 2: Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Steam Flow Orifice-Metering Run 4-12.2.1 Example 1: Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Steam Flow Orifice-Metering Run
54	4-12.2.3 Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Gas Flow Orifice-Metering Run
55	4-13 PROCEDURE FOR FITTING A CALIBRATION CURVE AND EXTRAPOLATION TECHNIQUE 4-12.4-2 Total Steady State Uncertainty, 0.075% Accuracy Class Static Pressure Transmitter 4-12.4-1 Total Steady State Uncertainty, 0.075% Accuracy Class Differential Pressure Transmitter
56	4-12.5 Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Gas Flow-Metering Run With a Laboratory Calibration
57	4-13.3 Example Coefficient Curve Fit and Extrapolation for an Orifice-Metering Run
58	4-14 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
59	4-13.3 Orifice-Metering Run Calibration Points and Fitted Curves (Test Data Versus Fitted Curves)
60	Section 5 Nozzles and Venturis 5-1 RECOMMENDED PROPORTIONS OF ASME NOZZLES 5-0 Primary Flow Section
61	5-1 ASME Flow Nozzles
62	5-2 PRESSURE TAP REQUIREMENTS 5-3 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 5-3-1 Boring in Flow Section Upstream of Nozzle
63	5-4 COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE 5-3-2 Nozzle With Diffusing Cone
65	5-5 THE ASME VENTURI TUBE
66	5-5 Profile of the ASME Venturi
67	5-6 DESIGN AND DESIGN VARIATIONS 5-7 VENTURI PRESSURE TAPS
68	5-8 DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT OF THE ASME VENTURI 5-9 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ASME VENTURI
69	5-10 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
70	Section 6 Pulsating Flow Measurement 6-1 INTRODUCTION 6-2 ORIFICES, NOZZLES, AND VENTURIS
71	6-2.1 Measured Errors Versus Oscillating Differential Pressure Amplitude Relative to the Steady State Mean 6-2.1 Error Threshold Versus Relative Amplitude of Delta P
72	6-2.2 Fluid–Metering System Block Diagram
74	6-3 TURBINE METERS IN PULSATING FLOW
75	6-2.6 Experimental and Theoretical Pulsation Error
76	6-3.1 Semi-Log Plot of Theoretical Meter Pulsation Error Versus Rotor Response Parameter for Sine Wave Flow Fluctuation, D2 p 0.1, and Pulsation Index, I p 0.1 and 0.2
77	6-4 SOURCES OF FLUID MATERIAL AND DATA 6-3.5 Experimental Meter Pulsation Error Versus Pulsation Index
80	Section 7 Flow Conditioning and Meter Installation Requirements 7-1 INTRODUCTION
81	7-2 FLOW CONDITIONERS AND METER INSTALLATION 7-1.2-1 Recommended Straight Lengths for Orifice Plates and Nozzles
82	7-1.2-2 Recommended Straight Lengths for Classical Venturi Tubes
83	7-2.1 Recommended Designs of Flow Conditioner
84	7-2.1 Loss Coefficients for Flow Conditioners
85	7-3 PRESSURE TRANSDUCER PIPING 7-3 Recommended Maximum Diameters of Pressure Tap Holes
86	7-4 INSTALLATION OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS 7-5 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
87	7-3 Methods of Making Pressure Connections to Pipes
88	Section 8 Sonic Flow Nozzles and Venturis – Critical Flow, Choked Flow Condition 8-1 INTRODUCTION
89	8-1-1 Ideal Mach Number Distribution Along Venturi Length at Typical Subcritical and Critical Flow Conditions
90	8-1-2 Definition of Critical Flow As the Maximum of the Flow Equation, Eq. (8-1.1)
91	8-2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 8-2-1 Requirements for Maintaining Critical Flow in Venturi Nozzles
92	8-3 THEORY 8-2-2 Mass Flow Versus Back-Pressure Ratio for a Flow Nozzle Without a Diffuser and a Venturi Nozzle With a Diffuser
94	8-4 BASIC THEORETICAL RELATIONSHIPS 8-5 THEORETICAL MASS FLOW CALCULATIONS 8-3-1 Schematic Representation of Flow Defects at Venturi Throat (Smith and Matz 1962) 8-3-2 Schematic Diagram of Sonic Surfaces at the Throat of an Axially Symmetric Critical Flow Venturi Nozzle (Arena and Thompson 1975)
97	8-5-1 Generalized Compressibility Chart
98	8-5-2 Error in Critical Flow Function Ci for Air Using Method 2 Based on Ideal Gas Theory With Ratio of Specific Heats Corresponding to the Inlet Stagnation State [13] 8-5-1 Critical Flow Function Ci and Critical Property Ratios [Ideal Gases and Isentropic Relationships, Eqs. (8-1.7) through (8-1.9)] Versus Type of Ideal Gas
99	8-5-2 Percentage Error in Method 3 Based on Critical Flow Functions [19] and Air Property Data [17]
100	8-5-3 Error in Method 3 for Air Based on Critical Flow Functions [15] When Using Air Property Data [13] [16]
101	8-5-4 Calculation Processes for the Isentropic Path From Inlet to Sonic Throat for a Real Gas Using the Method of Johnson [14]
102	8-6 DESIGNS OF SONIC NOZZLES AND VENTURI NOZZLES
103	8-7 COEFFICIENTS OF DISCHARGE 8-6-1 Standardized Toroidal Throat Sonic Flow Venturi Nozzle
104	8-6-2 Standardized Cylindrical Throat Sonic Flow Venturi 8-6-3 ASME Long-Radius Flow Nozzles
105	8-7-1 Summary of Points Plotted in Fig. 8-7-1 and Coefficients for Eq. (8-7.2)
106	8-8 INSTALLATION 8-7-1 Composite Results for Toroidal-Throat Venturi Nozzles
107	8-7-2 Mean Line Discharge Coefficient Curves for Toroidal-Throat Venturi Nozzles 8-7-2 Discharge Coefficients for Cylindrical-Throat Venturi Nozzles
108	8-7-3 Composite Graph of Discharge Coefficients for the ASME Low- Throat-Tap Flow Nozzles [11] 8-8-1 Standardized Inlet Flow Conditioner and Locations for Pressure and Temperature Measurements
109	8-9 PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 8-8-2 Comparison of the “Continuous Curvature” Inlet [6] With the “Sharp-Lip, Free-Standing” Inlet [2] 8-9 Standardized Pressure Tap Geometry
110	8-10 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
113	Section 9 Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse 9-0 NOMENCLATURE 9-1 INTRODUCTION 9-2 TRAVERSE MEASUREMENT STATIONS
114	9-2.1 Pipe Velocity Measurement Loci 9-2.1-1 Abscissas and Weight Factors for Gaussian Integration of Flow in Pipes
115	9-3 RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 9-2.1-3 Abscissas and Weight Factors for the Log-Linear Traverse Method of Flow Measurement in Pipes 9-2.1-2 Abscissas and Weight Factors for Tchebycheff Integration of Flow in Pipes
116	9-2.2-1 Loci for the Lines of Intersection Determining Measurement Stations for Flow Measurement in Rectangular Conduits Using Gaussian Integration
117	9-4 CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SENSORS 9-2.2-2 Abscissas for Equal Weight Chebyshev Integration
118	9-4 Pitot Tubes Not Requiring Calibration (Calibration Coefficient p 1.000)
119	9-4.1 Pitot Tubes Needing Calibration But Acceptable
120	9-4.2 Cole Reversible Pitometer Structural Reinforcements
121	9-5 FLOW MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES 9-4.5.1 Laser Doppler Velocimeter System
122	9-5.1-1 Pitot Rake 9-5.1-2 Impact Pressure Tube Rake
123	9-6 FLOW COMPUTATION
124	9-6.5 Velocity Traverse Measurement Loci for a 3 X 3 Array
125	9-7 EXAMPLE OF FLOW COMPUTATION IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT 9-7.1 Inlet Duct With Pitot-Static Rake Installed
126	9-7.6 Test Data Summary 9-7.4 Transducer Calibration Linearized Calibration Data
127	9-7.7-1 Numerical Error Analysis for Gaussian Model Flow
128	9-8 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA 9-7.7-4 Summary of Uncertainty Analysis 9-7.7-3 Effect of Uncertainty in Pressure Measurements 9-7.7-2 Effect of 0.060-in. Misalignment on Gauss Flow
129	Section 10 Ultrasonic Flow Meters 10-1 SCOPE 10-2 APPLICATIONS
130	10-3 FLOW METER DESCRIPTION 10-3.1.2 Wetted Transducer Configuration
131	10-3.1.3-1 Protected Configuration With Cavities 10-3.1.3-2 Protected Configuration With Protrusions
132	10-4 IMPLEMENTATION 10-3.1.3-3 Protected Configuration With Smooth Bore 10-4 Acoustic Flow Measuring System Block Design
133	10-5 OPERATIONAL LIMITS 10-4.1.3 Acoustic Path Configurations
134	10-6 ERROR SOURCES AND THEIR REDUCTION
135	10-6.1.4 A Typical Crossed-Path Ultrasonic Flow Meter Configuration
137	10-7 EXAMPLES OF LARGE (10–20 ft) PIPE FIELD CALIBRATIONS AND ACCURACIES ACHIEVED 10-8 APPLICATION GUIDELINES (SEE ALSO ASME PTC 19.1, TEST UNCERTAINTY)
138	10-10 METER FACTOR DETERMINATION AND VERIFICATION
139	10-11 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
140	Section 11 Electromagnetic Flow Meters 11-1 INTRODUCTION 11-2 METER CONSTRUCTION
141	11-1.1-1 Magnetic Flow Meter
142	11-1.1-2 Weighting Function of the Magnetic Flow Meter
143	11-3 CALIBRATION 11-2.1.1 AC and Pulsed DC Excitation Voltages
144	11-3 Typical Flow Calibration Data
145	11-4 APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
146	11-5 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
147	Section 12 Tracer Methods Constant Rate Injection Method Using Nonradioactive Tracers 12-0 NOMENCLATURE 12-1 INTRODUCTION 12-2 CONSTANT RATE INJECTION METHOD 12-3 TRACER SELECTION
148	12-4 MIXING LENGTH 12-2 Schematic Control Volume
149	12-4.1-1 Plot of Equations for Central Injection 12-4.1-2 Variation of Mixing Distance With Reynolds Number
150	12-5 PROCEDURE 12-4.4.1 Experimental Results
151	12-6 FLUORIMETRIC METHOD OF ANALYSIS 12-7 FLOW TEST SETUP 12-6.2 Temperature Exponents for Tracer Dyes
152	12-6.3 Typical Fluorometer Calibration Curves 12-7.1 Dye Injection Schematic 12-7.2 Sampling System
153	12-8 ERRORS 12-9 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA 12-7.3 Fluorometer Signal Versus Time
154	Section 13 Radioactive Tracer Technique for Measuring Water Flow Rate 13-1 TRACER REQUIREMENTS 13-2 MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES 13-3 LOCATING INJECTION AND SAMPLE TAPS
155	13-4 INJECTION AND SAMPLING LINES 13-3.2 Injection Tap Detail 13-3.3 Sampling Tap Detail
156	13-5 SAMPLING FLOW RATE 13-6 TIMING AND SEQUENCE 13-7 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
157	13-6 Schematic of Typical Radioactive Tracer Application
158	Section 14 Mechanical Meters 14-1 TURBINE METERS 14-2 TURBINE METER SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS AND INDICATORS
159	14-3 CALIBRATION
160	14-4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE
161	14-5 PIPING INSTALLATION AND DISTURBANCES 14-5.2-1 Flow Conditioner to Damp Out High-Level Disturbances
162	14-5.2-2 Alternative Flow Conditioner Configuration to Damp Out High-Level Disturbances
164	14-6 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METERS
165	14-6 Positive Displacement Volumeters
166	14-7 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA 14-6.3 Method of Interpolation or Extrapolation of Positive Displacement Meter Performance From Calibration Data to Other Fluid Viscosity and Operating Conditions
167	MANDATORY APPENDIX I RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EQUATIONS FOR THE DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT OF AN ORIFICE FLOW METER
175	A CRITICAL FLOW FUNCTIONS FOR AIR BY R. C. JOHNSON
176	B DEVIATION OF JOHNSON C* VALUES
177	C REAL GAS CORRECTION FACTORS