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ASME PTC 22 2023

ASME PTC 22 2023

$75.42

ASME PTC 22 – 2023: Gas Turbines

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ASME 2023
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The new edition of PTC 22 is intended to be a more thorough and accurate approach to the thermal performance testing of gas turbines based on industry feedback and harmonization with other codes and standards. To more completely support testing of gas turbines in a broad range of applications, this edition includes significant changes from previous to incorporate methodology for determination of gas turbine exhaust energy, flow, and temperature. PTC 22 establishes directions and rules for conduct and results reporting of thermal performance tests for open cycle gas turbine power plants and gas turbine engines. This performance test code provides explicit instruction on determining corrected power, heat rate, exhaust flow, exhaust energy, and exhaust temperature. Guidance is also provided for designing testing requirements and programs to satisfy different goals such as absolute performance and comparative performance. It is the intent of this performance test code to provide results with the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice in the gas turbine industry. In planning the test, an uncertainty analysis must demonstrate that the proposed instrumentation and measurement techniques meet the requirements of the Code. PTC 22 is used in power plants worldwide and is recognized internationally. This performance test code was developed by a committee with balanced membership from manufacturers, power plant owners and operators, design engineers, and general interest groups. Intended for end-users, test engineers, operators of power plants, plant engineers, A/Eā€™s, gas turbine manufacturers, third-party testing agencies, and anyone else who specifies gas turbine testing.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
7 NOTICE
8 FOREWORD
9 ASME PTC COMMITTEE ROSTER
10 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
12 ASME PTC 22-2023 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
16 Section 1 Object and Scope
1-1 OBJECT
1-2 SCOPE
1-2.1 General Scope
1-2.2 Tests Inside and Outside the Scope of ASME PTC 22
1-3 TEST UNCERTAINTY
1-3.1 Absolute Performance Test Uncertainty
17 1-3.2 Comparative Performance Test Uncertainty
1-4 OTHER REQUIREMENTS AND REFERENCES
18 Tables
Table 1-2.2-1 Gas Turbine Extended Scope
19 Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms
2-1 GENERAL
2-2 DEFINITIONS
20 2-2.1 Symbols and Subscripts
21 Table 2-2.1-1 Symbols
23 Table 2-2.1-2 Subscripts
24 Section 3 Guiding Principles
3-1 AGREEMENTS
3-1.1 General Agreements Before the Test
3-1.2 Design, Construction, and Start-Up Considerations
3-1.3 Responsibilities of Parties
25 3-1.4 Schedule and Location of Test Activities
3-1.5 Test Boundary and Required Measurements
3-1.6 Test Plan
26 Figures
Figure 3-1.5.1-1 Generic Test Boundaries
Table 3-1.5.2-1 Required Measurements
27 3-2 PREPARATIONS FOR TEST
3-2.1 Preliminary to Test
3-2.2 Pretest Records
3-2.3 Preservation of Instrument Uncertainty
3-2.4 Equipment Inspection and Cleanliness
3-2.5 Preliminary Operation and Adjustment
3-2.6 Preliminary Testing
3-2.7 Pretest Considerations for Comparative Testing
28 3-3 CONDUCT OF TEST
3-3.1 Specified Reference Conditions
3-3.2 Starting and Stopping Tests and Test Runs
3-3.3 Operation Prior to and During Tests
29 3-3.4 Duration of Test Run and Frequency of Readings
3-3.5 Maximum Permissible Variations in Operating Conditions
3-4 TEST RECORDS
3-4.1 Test Readings
3-4.2 Direct Readings
3-4.3 Certified Data
3-4.4 Test Log
Table 3-3.5-1 Maximum Permissible Variations in Operating Conditions
30 3-4.5 Test Recording Errors
3-5 TEST VALIDITY
3-5.1 Validity of Results
3-5.2 Reporting of Results
3-5.3 Causes for Rejection of Readings
3-6 UNCERTAINTY
3-6.1 Objectives
3-6.2 Uncertainty Calculations
3-6.3 Differences in Uncertainties
3-6.4 Uncertainty Analyses
32 Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4-1.1 Introduction
4-1.2 Maximum Uncertainties
Table 4-1.2.1-1 Maximum Allowable Measurement Uncertainties
33 4-1.3 Instrument Calibration and Verification
35 4-1.4 Data Collection and Handling
36 4-2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
4-2.1 General
4-2.2 Pressure Instruments
4-2.3 Typical Gas Turbine Measurement Parameters
37 Figure 4-2.3.8-1 Five-Way Manifold for Differential Pressure (DP) Instruments
38 Figure 4-2.3.9-1 Differential Pressure (DP) Correction for Flow in Nonhorizontal Lines
39 4-2.4 Calibration of Pressure Instruments
4-3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
4-3.1 General
4-3.2 Temperature Instruments
40 Figure 4-3.2.1-1 Four-Wire RTDs
Figure 4-3.2.1-2 Three-Wire RTDs
41 4-3.3 Typical Gas Turbine Measurement Parameters
42 4-3.4 Calibration of Temperature Instruments
43 4-4 GAS FUEL HEAT INPUT
4-4.1 General
4-4.2 Gas Fuel Test Boundary
4-4.3 Gas Fuel Flowmeters
44 Figure 4-4.2-1 Generic Gas Fuel Test Boundary
45 4-4.4 Gas Fuel Composition
4-4.5 Gas Fuel Heating Value
4-4.6 Gas Fuel Sensible Heat
46 4-4.7 Gas Fuel Sampling
4-5 LIQUID FUEL HEAT INPUT
4-5.1 General
4-5.2 Liquid Fuel Test Boundary
4-5.3 Liquid Fuel Mass Flow
47 Figure 4-5.2-1 Generic Liquid Fuel Test Boundary
48 4-5.4 Liquid Fuel Heating Value
4-5.5 Liquid Fuel Sensible Heat
4-5.6 Liquid Fuel Sampling
49 4-6 ELECTRICAL GENERATION MEASUREMENT
4-6.1 Introduction
4-6.2 Excitation Power Measurement
4-6.3 Measurement of Auxiliary Loads
4-7 MECHANICAL POWER MEASUREMENT
4-7.1 Torque and Speed Measurement
4-7.2 Other Parameters and Variables
4-8 SPEED MEASUREMENT
50 4-9 HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT
4-9.1 Direct Measurement
4-9.2 Indirect Measurement via Wet-Bulb Temperature
4-10 HEAT LOSSES
4-10.1 Generator Losses
4-10.2 Gearbox Losses
51 4-10.3 Fixed Losses
4-10.4 Variable Losses
4-11 OTHER MEASUREMENTS
4-11.1 Time
4-11.2 Flow
4-11.3 Turbine Control Parameters
52 Section 5 Computation of Results
5-1 GENERAL
5-2 ELECTRICAL POWER CALCULATIONS
5-2.1 Introduction
5-2.2 Electrical Measurement System Connections
5-2.3 Excitation Power Calculation
53 5-2.4 Instrument Transformers
54 5-3 MECHANICAL POWER OUTPUT CALCULATION
5-3.1 Mechanical Drive Power
5-3.2 Efficiency
5-4 HEAT RATE CALCULATIONS
5-4.1 Fuel Heat Input
55 Table 5-4.1.1-1 Typical Values for Unit Conversion Factor, N1, Using Common Units of Measure
57 5-4.2 Heat Rate
5-5 CORRECTION OF TEST RESULTS ā€” FUNDAMENTAL PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS
58 Table 5-5-1 Summary of Additive Correction Factors for Power Fundamental Performance Equation
Table 5-5-2 Summary of Correction Factors in All Fundamental Performance Equations
59 5-5.1 Alternate Corrected Gas Turbine Exhaust Energy
5-6 APPLICATION OF CORRECTION FACTORS
5-6.1 Application of Correction Factors Using Model-Based Corrections
60 5-6.2 Application of Correction Factors Using Correction Curves
61 5-7 DEGRADATION
62 Section 6 Report of Results
6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6-3 TEST DESCRIPTION
6-4 TEST EQUIPMENT
6-5 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
63 6-6 APPENDICES
64 Section 7 Test Uncertainty
7-1 INTRODUCTION
7-2 UNDERSTANDING TEST UNCERTAINTY
7-2.1 Uncertainty Versus Error
7-2.2 Random Standard Uncertainty, sXĀÆ
7-2.3 Systematic Standard Uncertainty, bi
65 Figure 7-2.1.1-1 Illustration of Measurement Errors
66 7-2.4 Confidence Interval
7-2.5 Combining BXĀÆ and sXĀÆ for the Total Measurement Uncertainty
Figure 7-2.4-1 Test Uncertainty Diagram
67 7-2.6 Sensitivity Coefficients, or Influence Coefficients, Ī˜i
7-2.7 Combining Measurement Uncertainties Into the Uncertainty of the Result
7-2.8 Uncertainty Is Not Affected by Turbine Control Parameters Inside the Test Boundary
7-2.9 Posttest Uncertainty Analysis
7-3 UNIT OUTPUT AND HEAT RATE
7-3.1 Uncertainty Calculation Logic
7-3.2 Uncertainty Calculations
68 Table 7-3.1-1 Step 1: Code Limit Uncertainty (Example)
70 Table 7-3.1-2 Step 2: Pretest Uncertainty Calculation (Example)
72 Table 7-3.1-3 Step 3: Posttest Uncertainty Calculation (Example)
74 7-3.3 Sample Calculation
77 Table 7-3.3.2.2-1 Heat Input Uncertainty for Mass Flowmeter
78 7-3.4 Test Uncertainty
7-3.5 Uniqueness of Tests
7-3.6 Multiple Unit Tests
Table 7-3.3.3-1 Heat Input Uncertainties for Liquid Fuel
79 7-4 COMPARATIVE TESTING UNCERTAINTY
7-4.1 General
7-4.2 Comparative Testing Uncertainty Procedure
7-4.3 Sample Calculation for Difference
Table 7-4.3-1 Comparative Test Example
80 7-4.4 Calculation Information
7-5 UNCERTAINTY OF FLOW CALCULATION FROM HEAT BALANCE
7-5.1 Heat Balance
7-5.2 Sensitivities
7-5.3 Heat Equivalents and Enthalpies
81 7-5.4 Uncertainties
7-5.5 Emphasis on Exhaust Temperature and Fuel Flow
7-5.6 Exhaust Energy
7-5.7 Corrected Values
Table 7-5.4-1 Exhaust Flow Uncertainty
Table 7-5.6-1 Exhaust Energy Uncertainty
82 7-5.8 HRSG Heat Balance
83 MANDATORY APPENDIX I DETERMINATION OF GAS TURBINE EXHAUST ENERGY, FLOW, AND TEMPERATURE
I-1 INTRODUCTION
I-2 TEST METHODOLOGY
I-3 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS: GENERAL
87 Table I-3.2.1.3-1 Elemental Molecular Weights
88 Table I-3.2.2.4-1 Fuel Gas Combustion Ratios
Table I-3.2.3.3-1 Liquid Fuel Combustion Ratios
91 Table I-3.2.6.3-1 Enthalpy Equation Constants
92 I-4 SAMPLE EXHAUST FLOW BY GAS TURBINE HEAT BALANCE CALCULATION
93 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
A-1 INTRODUCTION
A-2 CALCULATION OF HEAT INPUT
94 Table A-2.1-1 Gas Fuel Flow Test Data
Table A-2.7-1 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure
95 A-3 CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL OUTPUT
A-4 CALCULATION OF CORRECTED PERFORMANCE (POWER, HEAT RATE, EXHAUST TEMPERATURE, AND EXHAUST FLOW)
96 Table A-2.13-1 Lower Heating Value
Table A-2.14-1 Higher Heating Value
Table A-3.1-1 VT Test Data
97 Table A-3.2-1 VT Calibration Data
Table A-3.3-1 VT Voltage Drop
Table A-3.4-1 CT Corrections
98 Table A-3.5-1 Gross Generation
Table A-3.6-1 Corrected Secondary Watts
99 Table A-4-1 Calculation of Corrected Performance (Power, Heat Rate, Exhaust Temperature, and Exhaust Flow)
Table A-4-2 Fuel Supply Composition
Table A-4-3 Fuel Composition
Table A-4-4 Corrected Power and Heat Rate
Table A-4-5 Corrected Exhaust Flow and Exhaust Temperature
100 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B PTC UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES FROM ASTM REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY DATA
B-1 INTRODUCTION
B-2 DEFINITIONS
B-3 QUANTIFYING R, r, AND BIAS
101 B-4 UNCERTAINTY CONSIDERATIONS
B-5 EXAMPLE
102 B-6 CONCLUSION
103 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C SAMPLE EXHAUST FLOW BY GAS TURBINE HEAT BALANCE CALCULATION
C-1 INTRODUCTION
C-2 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
104 Figure C-1-1 Sample Exhaust Flow by Gas Turbine Heat Balance Calculations
105 Figure C-1-2 Sample Calculation of Wet Air Composition and Molar Flow
106 Figure C-1-3 Sample Mass Flow Calculations
107 Figure C-1-4 Sample Fuel Gas Combustion Calculations
108 Figure C-1-5 Sample Liquid Fuel Combustion Calculation
109 Figure C-1-6 Sample Calculation of Exhaust Compositions
110 Figure C-1-7 Sample Calculation of Enthalpy of Combustion Products at Turbine Exit
111 Figure C-1-8 Sample Calculation of Moist Air Enthalpies
112 Figure C-1-9 Sample Calculation of Fuel Gas Sensible Heat
113 Figure C-1-10 Sample Calculation of Fuel LHV
114 Figure C-1-11 Sample Correction Performance Calculation
115 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D REFERENCES

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