ASME PTC 23 2003 R2014
$98.04
ASME PTC 23 Atmospheric Water Cooling Equipment – Reaffirmed: 2014
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASME | 2003 | 124 |
This Code provides uniform test methods for conducting and reporting thermal performance characteristics of wet mechanical draft, natural draft, wet-dry cooling towers, closed circuit evaporative (wet) coolers, and wet surface air-cooled steam condensers (WSACC). This Code also provides directions and rules for conducting and reporting plume abatement of wet-dry cooling towers and water consumption of any cooling tower. The purpose of this Code is to provide rules for monitoring thermal performance or for conducting acceptance tests on all of the cooling equipment referenced above. It provides rules for monitoring plume abatement and conducting plume-abatement acceptance tests on wet-dry cooling towers. The test can be used to determine compliance with contractual obligations and can be incorporated into commercial agreements. A test shall be considered an ASME Code Test only if the test procedures comply with those allowed in this Code and the post-test uncertainty analysis results are in accord with subsection 1.3. This Code provides rules for determining the performance of all referenced cooling equipment with regard to the thermal capability, deviation from design thermal capability, or deviation from design cold water temperature. This Code also provides procedures for assessing the compliance to specified plume abatement requirements characteristic of a wet-dry cooling tower. It is not intended for tests of atmospheric wind towers, dry coolers, spray canals, or ponds, although sections of this Code may be useful for that purpose. The determination of special data or verification of guarantees that are outside the scope of this Code, shall be made only with written agreement of the parties to the test. The agreed methods of measurement and computation shall be defined in writing and fully described in the test report.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 5 | CONTENTS |
| 6 | TABLES NONMANDATORY APPENDICES |
| 7 | FOREWORD |
| 8 | PERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE 23 ON ATMOSPHERIC WATER COOLING EQUIPMENT |
| 9 | BOARD ON PERFORMANCE TEST CODES |
| 10 | CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 23 COMMITTEE |
| 11 | INTRODUCTION |
| 13 | ATMOSPHERIC WATER COOLING EQUIPMENT Section 1 Object and Scope 1-1 OBJECT 1-2 SCOPE 1-3 UNCERTAINTY |
| 15 | Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms 2-1 SYMBOLS |
| 18 | 2-2 DEFINITIONS |
| 19 | 2-3 UNITS |
| 20 | Section 3 Guiding Principles 3-1 ADVANCED PLANNING FOR TEST 3-2 AGREEMENTS PRIOR TO TEST 3-3 TEST OVERVIEW |
| 21 | 3-4 PREPARATION FOR TEST 3-5 DURATION OF TESTING 3-5.1 Duration of Analyzed Test Period 3-5.1.1 Mechanical Draft Equipment 3-5.1.2 Natural Draft Towers 3-5.1.3 Thermal Lag Adjustment 3-5.1.4 Wet-Dry Towers 3-5.2 Selection of Period for Analysis |
| 22 | 3-6 STABILITY OF TEST CONDITIONS 3-7 READINGS 3-8 LIMITATIONS |
| 23 | 3-9 MANUFACTURERÅ’S PERFORMANCE CURVES 3-9.1 Mechanical Draft Towers and Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers |
| 24 | 3-9.2 Natural Draft Towers 3-9.3 Wet Surface Air-Cooled Condensers WSACC 3-9.4 Plume Compliance 3-8 Noncondensable Gas Load Limits |
| 25 | Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 4-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4-2 MEASUREMENT OF WATER FLOW |
| 27 | 4-2.2 Dye Dilution Method |
| 28 | 4-2.3 Differential Producers 4-2.4 Ultrasonic Time-of-Travel |
| 29 | 4-3 MEASUREMENT OF WATER TEMPERATURE 4-3.1 Instruments 4-3.2 Location of Measurement Points 4-3.2.1 Hot Water Temperature 4-3.2.2 Cold Water Temperature |
| 30 | 4-4 MEASUREMENT OF AIR TEMPERATURE 4-4.1 Instruments Wet-Bulb 4-4.2 Instruments Dry-Bulb |
| 31 | 4-4.3 Inlet Air Temperature Measurement Locations 4-4.3.1 Location of Wet-Bulb Instrumentation 4-4.3.2 Location of Inlet Air Dry-Bulb Instrumentation 4-4.4 Air Upwind Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperature for Plume Compliance for Wet-Dry Cooling Tower |
| 32 | 4-4.5 Air Exhaust Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperature for Plume Compliance for Wet-Dry Cooling Tower 4-5 WIND VELOCITY 4-5.1 4-5.2 |
| 33 | 4-6 TOWER PUMP HEAD 4-7 MEASUREMENT OF FAN POWER 4-5.2 Upper Level Wind Exponent |
| 34 | 4-8 MEASUREMENT OF SOUND LEVEL 4-9 MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 4-10 MEASUREMENT OF WSACC PRESSURE AND HEAT LOAD 4-10.1 Condensing Pressure 4-10.2 Heat Load and Steam Flow 4-11 WATER ANALYSIS 4-11.1 |
| 35 | 4-11.2 Analysis of Process Fluid for Closed-Circuit Cooling Towers 4-12 MEASUREMENT OF DRIFT LOSS 4-13 DATA RECORDING |
| 36 | Section 5 Calculation and Results 5-1 GENERAL 5-1.1 Philosophy of Air Temperature Measurements |
| 37 | 5-1.2 Thermal Capability Evaluation 5-1.3 Plume Abatement Compliance 5-1.3.1 Wet-Dry Cooling Towers, Limited or Zero Visible Plume 5-1.3.2 Wet-Dry Plume Abatement Design Point 5-2 WATER FLOW 5-2.1 Average Test Water Flow 5-2.2 Adjusted Test Water Flow 5-2.2.1 Mechanical Draft Towers |
| 38 | 5-2.2.2 Wet-Dry Towers 5-2.2.3 Natural Draft Towers 5-2.2.4 Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers 5-2.2.5 Wet Surface Air-Cooled Steam Condensers 5-3 WATER TEMPERATURES 5-3.1 Hot and Cold Process Fluid Temperatures for Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers 5-3 Temperature Corrections |
| 39 | 5-3.2 Thermal Lag 5-4 AIR TEMPERATURES 5-4.1 Average Entering Wet-Bulb Temperature 5-4.2 Average Entering Dry-Bulb Temperature Wet-Dry and Natural Draft Towers 5-4.3 Average Discharge Wet-Bulb Temperature Plume Compliance — Wet-Dry Towers 5-4.4 Average Discharge Dry-Bulb Temperature Plume Compliance — Wet-Dry Towers 5-4.5 Upwind Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures Plume Compliance — Wet-Dry Towers 5-4.6 Vertical Dry-Bulb Temperature Gradient or Lapse Rate Natural Draft Towers 5-5 STEAM CONDENSING TEMPERATURE 5-6 AIR VELOCITY 5-6.1 Wind Velocity Mechanical Draft Equipment 5-6.2 Maximum 1-min Duration Wind Gust Speed 5-6.3 Top of Shell Wind Velocity Natural Draft Towers |
| 40 | 5-6.4 Discharge Air Velocity Wet/Dry Towers 5-7 TOWER PUMPING HEAD 5-7.1 Piping Losses 5-7.2 Tower Pumping Head for Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers or Wet Surface Air-Cooled Condensers 5-7.3 Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop for Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers 5-8 FAN POWER 5-8.1 |
| 41 | 5-8.2 Fan Motor Efficiency 5-9 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 5-10 THERMAL CAPABILITY 5-10.1 Test Results 5-10.2 Adjusted Flow 5-10.2.1 Makeup Correction Flow Rate for Closed-Circuit Cooling Towers and WSACC |
| 42 | 5-10.2.2 Fan Power Correction 5-10.3 Tower Capability Evaluation 5-10.3.1 Mechanical Draft, Natural Draft, Wet-Dry, and Closed-Circuit 5-10.3.2 Wet-Surface Air-Cooled Steam Condenser 5-11 PLUME COMPLIANCE 5-11.1 Evaluation Using the Exhaust Air Characteristics Curves 5-11.2 Correction of the Relative Humidities by the Atmospheric Pressure |
| 43 | 5-11.3 Drawing of the Measured Plume Dilution Line 5-11.4 Calculation of the Guaranteed Relative Humidity 5-11.5 Drawing of the Guaranteed Plume Dilution Line 5-11.6 Equivalent Guaranteed Exhaust Air Relative Humidity 5-11.7 Calculation of the Tower Plume Indicator 5-11.8 Evaluation of the Air Mixing Quality 5-11.9 Scattering Criteria 5-11.9.1 Calculation of the Maximum Limit of the Exhaust Air Relative Humidity |
| 44 | 5-11.9.2 Calculation Criteria 5-11.9.3 Maximum Airflow Criteria 5-11.9.4 Mixing Quality Coefficient 5-12 UNCERTAINTY 5-12.1 Systematic Uncertainty 5-12.2 Spatial Systematic Uncertainty |
| 45 | 5-12.3 Random Uncertainty |
| 46 | 5-12.4 Sensitivity Factors 5-12.5 Combining Elemental Systematic Uncertainties 5-12.6 Combining Elemental Systematic Uncertainties Fan Motor Power Example |
| 47 | 5-12.7 Total Uncertainty of a Measurement 5-12.8 Total Uncertainty of Result |
| 48 | Section 6 Report of Results 6-1 COMPOSITION OF REPORT 6-2 REPORT DATA |
| 49 | A PERFORMANCE MONITORING A1 INTRODUCTION A2 PERFORMANCE MONITORING TEST STRUCTURE A3 MONITORING PARAMETERS A4 MONITORING MEASUREMENTS |
| 50 | A5 CALCULATIONS |
| 56 | B3 REFERENCES |
| 57 | C TRACER DILUTION METHOD FOR WATER FLOW DETERMINATION C1 TRACER DILUTION METHODS C1.1 Constant Rate Injection Technique Grab Sample C1.2 Constant Rate Injection Technique Continuous Sample |
| 60 | D UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION D1 D2 D3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY D3.1 Cold Water Temperature Uncertainty |
| 62 | D3.2 Combined Cold Water Systematic Uncertainty D3.3 Cold Water Temperature Standard Deviation D3.4 Inlet Wet-Bulb or Dry-Bulb Temperature Systematic Uncertainty D3.5 Spatial Uncertainty D3.6 Wet-Bulb or Dry-Bulb Temperature Random Uncertainty |
| 63 | D3.7 Hot Water Temperature Systematic Uncertainty D3.8 Hot Water Temperature Standard Deviation D4 TEST WATER FLOW RATE UNCERTAINTY |
| 64 | D4.1 Calibration Uncertainty Example |
| 65 | D4.2 Total Pitot Tube Calibration Systematic Uncertainty D4.3 Sensitivity of Flow to Pitot Coefficient D4.4 Systematic Uncertainty in the Measurement of the Pipe Diameter D4.5 Velocity Spatial Systematic Uncertainty D4.5.1 Velocity Spatial Systematic Uncertainty — Radial Approach D4.5.2 Velocity Spatial Systematic Uncertainty — Random Approach |
| 66 | D4.6 Combined Test Flow Rate Systematic Uncertainty D5 TEST FAN BRAKE HORSEPOWER |
| 67 | D6 SENSITIVITY FACTORS D7 COMBINED TEST UNCERTAINTY D8 ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY EXAMPLE: PARTIALLY CORRELATED SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY — MULTIPLE FLOW MEASUREMENTS BY PITOT TRAVERSE |
| 70 | E SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR MECHANICAL DRAFT TOWERS E1 MECHANICAL DRAFT TOWER CAPABILITY |
| 71 | E2 PREDICTED TEST COLD WATER TEMPERATURE E3 PREDICTED DESIGN COLD WATER TEMPERATURE |
| 76 | F SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR NATURAL DRAFT TOWERS F1 NATURAL DRAFT TOWER CAPABILITY F2 EVALUATING TOWER PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY |
| 85 | G SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR PLUME COMPLIANCE G1 DESIGN AND TEST CONDITIONS G2 PLUME ABATEMENT GUARANTEE CURVE (EXHAUST AIR CHARACTERISTICS CURVES) G3 TEST INTERPRETATION (EXHAUST AIR CHARACTERISTICS CURVES) G3.1 Drawing the Measured Plume Dilution Line G3.2 Calculation of the Guarantee Relative Humidity G3.3 Drawing the Guarantee Plume Dilution Line G3.4 Calculation of the Equivalent Guarantee Exhaust Air Relative Humidity G3.5 Tower Plume Indicator G3.6 Evaluation of the Air Mixing Quality (Zero Visible Plume) |
| 88 | H SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR CLOSED-CIRCUIT EVAPORATIVE COOLERS H1 CLOSED-CIRCUIT EVAPORATIVE COOLER CAPABILITY H2 PREDICTED TEST COLD FLUID TEMPERATURE |
| 94 | I SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR WET SURFACE AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS (WSACC) I1 WET SURFACE AIR-COOLED CONDENSER CAPABILITY |
| 99 | J ILLUSTRATIONS OF COOLING EQUIPMENT |
| 111 | K OTHER METHODS FOR AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT K1 GENERAL K1.1 Ambient Test K1.2 Ground Level Test |
| 112 | L REPORTING FORMS |
| 121 | M REFERENCES |
