This Code provides procedures for conducting performance tests of air heaters to determine: exit gas temperature; air to gas leakage; fluid pressure losses; and other fluid temperatures. It also provides procedures to determine the heat capacity ratio (X-ratio) and any or all of the performances results specified above that may be necessary for: checking actual performance against standard or design performance; comparing changes in performance over time with standard or design performance; comparing performance under various operating conditions; and determining the effect of changes in equipment. This Code applies to all air heaters used in industrial application, e.g., air heaters servicing steam generators and industrial furnaces. This specifically includes: combustion gas-to-air heat exchanger including air heaters with multi-section air streams; and air preheater coils utilizing noncondensing (single phase) steam, water or other hot fluids. This Code does not cover direct-fired air heaters or gas-to-gas heat exchangers. In the latter application, this Code may be used to determine both the thermal and pressure drop performance, while alternate methods of leakage measurement should be agreed upon between the parties. This Code also does not cover heat exchangers where the heating fluid is condensed while passing through the heater. Air heaters in parallel shall be tested individually (wherever possible) for purposes of checking actual performance. This Code requires pretest and post-test uncertainty analysis. The pretest uncertainty analysis is required in order to effectively plan the test. It allows corrective action to be taken prior to the test, either to decrease the uncertainty to a level consistent with the agreed-upon uncertainty, or to reduce the cost of the test while still attaining the objective. The post-test uncertainty analysis is used to determine the uncertainty intervals of the actual test. This analysis should confirm the pretest systematic and random uncertainty estimates. It serves to either validate the quality of the test results or to expose problems.

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4	CONTENTS
13	NOTICE
14	FOREWORD
15	COMMITTEE ROSTER
16	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
18	INTRODUCTION
20	Section 1 Object and Scope 1-1 OBJECT 1-2 SCOPE 1-3 MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY Tables Table 1-3-1 Typical Test Uncertainties
21	Section 2 Definitions of Terms and Symbols 2-1 GENERAL 2-2 DEFINITIONS
24	2-3 CALCULATION ACRONYMS
25	2-3.1 Property Symbols 2-3.2 Function Symbols 2-3.3 Equipment, Stream, and Efficiency Symbols
26	2-3.4 Location, Area, Component, and Constituent Symbols 2-3.5 Correction Symbols 2-3.6 Computational Acronyms Used In Section 5 — Computation of Results 2-3.7 Uncertainty Acronyms Used in Section 5 — Computation of Results 2-3.8 General List of Symbols Used In Section 7 2-4 ABBREVIATIONS
27	2-5 ABBREVIATIONS FOR THE BOUNDARY FIGURES 2-5.1 Property Symbols 2-5.2 Equipment and Stream Symbols 2-5.3 Location Symbols 2-5.4 Correction/Design Symbols 2-5.5 Air Heater/Air Preheater Boundaries 2-5.6 Sequence
28	Figures Fig. 2-3.4-1 Tubular/Plate Air Heater
29	Fig. 2-3.4-2 Basic Regenerative Air Heater
30	Fig. 2-3.4-3 Tri-Sector Air Heater
31	Fig. 2-3.4-4 Quad-Sector Air Heater
32	Fig. 2-3.4-5 Air Heater Using Intermediate Fluid Fig. 2-3.4-6 Fluid-to-Air Air Heater Noncondensing Heating Fluid
33	Section 3 Guiding Principles 3-1 INTRODUCTION 3-2 PREPARATION FOR THE TEST
34	3-2.1 Pretest Agreements
35	3-2.2 Pretest Uncertainty Analysis 3-2.3 Selection and Training of Test Personnel 3-2.4 Pretest Checkout 3-2.5 Pretest Traverse 3-2.6 Preliminary Run 3-3 METHOD OF OPERATION DURING TEST 3-3.1 Stability of Test Conditions
36	3-3.2 Duration of Runs 3-3.3 Adjustments During Test 3-3.4 Rejection of Runs 3-3.5 Number of Runs and Repeatability Criteria 3-3.6 Multiple Runs
37	3-4 COMPARING RESULTS WITH STANDARD OR DESIGN PERFORMANCE 3-5 MULTIPLE AIR HEATER CONFIGURATIONS 3-5.1 Multiple Air Heaters of the Same Design/Type 3-5.2 Multiple Air Heaters of Different Designs/Types 3-6 UNCERTAINTY 3-7 REFERENCES TO OTHER CODES AND STANDARDS 3-7.1 ASME Performance Test Codes
38	3-7.2 ASTM Standard Methods 3-7.3 GPA Standard 3-7.4 ISA Standard
39	Fig. 3-3.1-1 Illustration of Short-Term (Point-to-Point) Fluctuation and Long-Term Deviation
40	Fig. 3-3.5-1 Number of Runs and Repeatability Criteria Table 3-2.1-1 Operating Parameter Deviations
41	Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-2 DATA REQUIRED 4-3 GRID 4-3.1 Measurement Location
42	4-3.2 Stratification
43	4-4 FLOW WEIGHTING
44	4-5 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 4-5.1 Thermocouples
45	4-5.2 Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 4-5.3 RTDs
46	4-5.4 Systematic Uncertainty 4-5.5 Air and Flue Gas Measurements
47	4-5.6 Dry Bulb (Ambient) and Wet Bulb Temperature 4-5.7 Ice Bath Temperature 4-6 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 4-6.1 Pressure Reading Instruments 4-6.2 Systematic Uncertainty
48	4-6.3 Static Pressure 4-6.4 Velocity Pressure
49	4-6.5 Averaging of Fluctuating Pressure 4-6.6 Calculation of Velocity and Mass Flow From Velocity Pressure Measurements
52	4-7 FLOW MEASUREMENT 4-7.1 General 4-7.2 Air and Flue Gas
53	4-7.3 Liquid Fuel 4-7.4 Gaseous Fuel 4-7.5 Solid Fuel and Sorbent Flow 4-7.6 Residue Splits
54	4-8 O2 ANALYSIS 4-8.1 Electronic Analyzers 4-8.2 Chemical (Orsat) 4-8.3 Gas Sampling Techniques 4-8.3.1 Types of Samples. 4-8.3.2 Sampling Techniques.
55	4-8.3.3 Sample-Mixing Device. 4-8.3.4 Sampling Techniques. 4-8.4 Preparation Methods
57	4-9 HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT 4-9.1 General 4-9.2 Systematic Uncertainty for Humidity Measurement 4-9.3 Method of Measurement 4-10 FUEL, SORBENT, AND RESIDUE SAMPLING 4-10.1 General 4-10.2 Method of Solid Fuel and Sorbent Sampling
58	4-10.3 Methods of Liquid or Gas Sampling 4-10.4 Residue Sampling
59	4-10.5 Systematic Uncertainty 4-10.6 Methods to Determine Average and Standard Deviation of the Mean
61	4-11 FUEL, SORBENT, AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS 4-11.1 General 4-11.2 Systematic Uncertainty for Fuel, Sorbent, and Residue Analysis 4-11.3 Methods of Fuel, Sorbent, and Residue Analysis 4-12 GENERAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS
62	4-13 DETERMINATION OF SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY DUE TO MEASUREMENTS
63	Fig. 4-3.1.1-1 Sampling Grid — Rectangular Duct
65	Fig. 4-5.5-1 Examples of Nonrandom Failure Patterns Fig. 4-10.2.1-1 Full Stream Cut Solid Sampling Process
66	Fig. 4-10.2.1-2 Typical “Thief” Probe for Solids Sampling in a Solids Stream Table 4-5.5-1 Maximum Number of Sensor Failures
67	Table 4-6.6.23-1 Air and Flue Gas Viscosity Curve-Fit Coefficients, lbm/ft-sec Table 4-8.3.4-1 Gas Sampling Techniques Table 4-10.6.2-1 F Distribution
68	Table 4-13-1 Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainty
72	Table 4-13-2 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Coal and Residue Properties Table 4-13-3 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Limestone Properties
73	Table 4-13-4 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Fuel Oil Properties Table 4-13-5 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Natural Gas Properties
74	Section 5 Computation of Results 5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-2 MEASUREMENT DATA REDUCTION 5-2.1 Calibration Corrections 5-2.2 Outliers
75	5-2.3 Averaging Test Measurement Data
76	5-2.4 Random Uncertainty
78	5-3 COMBUSTION AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS 5-3.1 Fuel Properties
79	5-3.2 Sorbent and Other Additive Properties
81	5-3.3 MpUbC and MpCb — Unburned Carbon in Fuel and Carbon Burned, Percent Mass
82	5-3.4 Combustion Air Properties
86	5-3.5 Flue Gas Products
89	5-3.6 QrF — Fuel Input, Btu/hr W
92	5-4 AIR AND GAS MASS FLOW RATES
93	5-4.1 Multiple AHs of the Same Type
94	5-4.2 Multiple AHs of Different Types e.g., Primary and Secondary Air Heaters
95	5-5 FLUE GAS AIR HEATER CALCULATIONS 5-5.1 Performance Parameters 5-5.2 TMnA8 — Composite Entering Air Temperature 5-5.3 TMnA9 — Composite Leaving Air Temperature
96	5-5.4 TMnFg14 — Composite Entering Gas Temperature, deg. F deg. C 5-5.5 EFFg — Gas-Side Effectiveness 5-5.6 EFA — Air-Side Effectiveness 5-5.7 MpAl — Percent Air Heater Leakage 5-5.8 TFg15NL — Gas Temperature Excluding Leakage
97	5-5.9 Test X-Ratio 5-6 FLUE GAS AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE CORRECTED TO THE STANDARD OR DESIGN CONDITIONS 5-6.1 TFg15NLCr — Air Heater Exit Gas Temperature Excluding Leakage Corrected to Design Conditions
98	5-6.2 TA9Cr — Air Temperature Leaving the Air Heater, Corrected to Design Conditions
99	5-6.3 MpAlCr — Air Leakage Corrected for Deviation From Design Pressure Differential and From Design Entering Air Temperature 5-6.4 PDiFg14Fg15Cr — Gas-Side Pressure Differential Corrected for Deviation From Design Gas Mass Flow Rate and Temperature, in. wg Pa
100	5-6.5 PDiA8A9Cr — Air-Side Pressure Differential Corrected for Deviation From Design Air Mass Flow Rate and Temperature, in. wg Pa 5-7 UNCERTAINTY 5-7.1 Sensitivity Coefficients
101	5-7.2 Random Uncertainty and Degrees of Freedom 5-7.3 Random Component of Uncertainty
102	5-7.4 Systematic Uncertainty
103	5-7.5 Test Uncertainty 5-8 AIR PREHEATER COILS 5-8.1 Items to Be Measured 5-8.2 TA8Cr — Air Temperature Leaving the Air Heater, Corrected to Standard or Design Conditions
104	5-8.3 PDiA7A8Cr — Air-Side Pressure Differential Corrected for Deviation From Design Air Mass Flow Rate and Temperature
105	5-9 ENTHALPY/SPECIFIC HEAT OF AIR, FLUE GAS, WATER VAPOR, AND RESIDUE 5-9.1 Enthalpy of Air 5-9.2 Enthalpy of Flue Gas
106	5-10 ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS 5-10.1 Air Heater/Air Preheater Boundaries 5-10.2 Computational Acronyms Used in Section 5 5-10.3 Uncertainty Acronyms Used in Section 5
107	Table 5-7.5-1 Two-Tailed Student’s t Table for the 95% Confidence Level Table 5-9-1 Enthalpy Curve Fit Coefficients, Btu/lbm
108	Table 5-10.2-1 Computational Acronyms
113	Table 5-10.3-1 Uncertainty Acronyms
114	Section 6 Report of Results 6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6-3 INTRODUCTION 6-4 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS 6-5 INSTRUMENTATION
115	6-6 CONCLUSIONS 6-7 APPENDICES
116	Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis 7-1 INTRODUCTION 7-1.1 Random Error 7-1.2 Systematic Error 7-2 UNCERTAINTY 7-2.1 Uncertainty Due to Random Error 7-2.2 Uncertainty Due to Systematic Error
117	7-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 7-3.1 Benefits of Uncertainty Analysis 7-3.2 Uncertainty Analysis Principles
118	7-3.3 Averaging 7-4 PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING RANDOM UNCERTAINTY 7-4.1 Standard Deviation of Individual Parameters
121	7-4.2 Standard Deviation and Degrees of Freedom of Intermediate Results 7-4.3 Standard Deviation and Degrees of Freedom of Test Results 7-5 GUIDANCE FOR DETERMINING SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
122	7-5.1 General Rules 7-5.2 Systematic Uncertainties Due to Instrumentation 7-5.3 Systematic Uncertainty in Spatially Nonuniform Parameters
125	7-5.4 Systematic Uncertainty Due to Assumed Values for Unmeasured Parameters 7-5.5 Degrees of Freedom for Systematic Uncertainty Estimates 7-5.6 Systematic Uncertainty for Test Results 7-6 UNCERTAINTY OF TEST RESULTS 7-6.1 Propagation of Uncertainties
126	7-6.2 Combined Uncertainty of Calculated Result 7-7 GENERAL LIST OF SYMBOLS FOR SECTION 7
127	7-7.1 Subscripts 7-7.2 Superscript
128	Fig. 7-1-1 Types of Errors in Measurements Fig. 7-1.1-1 Time Dependence of Errors
129	Table 7-5.3.2-1 Systematic Uncertainty Coefficients Due to Numerical Integration
130	MANDATORY APPENDIX I AIR HEATER EXIT GAS TEMPERATURE EXCLUDING LEAKAGE, TFg15NL I-1 GENERAL I-2 BI-SECTOR AIR HEATER
131	Fig. I-1-1 Ideal Air Heater — No Leakage I-3 TRI-SECTOR AIR HEATER
132	Fig. I-2-1 Air Heater With Leakage Fig. I-2-2 Air/Gas Flow Schematic — Air Heater With Leakage
133	Fig. I-3-1 Tri-Sector Air Heater
134	MANDATORY APPENDIX II SAMPLING SYSTEMS II-1 PORTABLE PROBES POINT-TO-POINT SAMPLING II-2 FIXED GRID SAMPLING TECHNIQUES II-2.1 Fixed Grid — Composite Sampling
135	II-2.2 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Single Pump) Sampling II-2.3 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Dual Pump) Sampling
136	II-2.4 Fixed Grid — Combination Sampling
137	Fig. II-2.1-1 Fixed Grid — Composite Setup Fig. II-2.1-2 Boiler Testing Composite Gas Sample Flow Path
138	Fig. II-2.2-1 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Single Pump) Setup Fig. II-2.3-1 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Dual Pump) Setup
139	Fig. II-2.4-1 Fixed Grid — Combination Setup
140	MANDATORY APPENDIX III SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS III-1 THERMOMETER DEGREES FAHRENHEIT III-1.1 Procedures When Not Correcting the Reading III-1.2 Procedures When Correcting the Reading
141	III-2 THERMOCOUPLES AND RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICES DEGREES FAHRENHEIT III-2.1 Combining Multiple Segments With Accuracy Checks III-2.2 Combining Multiple Segments With Representative Accuracy Checks
142	III-2.3 Using Accuracy Check Data III-2.3.1 Method 1 — Correct Each Reading At Each Point III-2.3.1.1 Method 1 Procedure. III-2.3.1.1.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location III-2.3.1.1.2 Averaging. III-2.3.1.1.3 Combining. III-2.3.1.1.4 Overall Uncertainty. III-2.3.1.2 Method 1 Example.
143	III-2.3.1.2.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location.
145	III-2.3.1.2.2 Averaging. III-2.3.1.2.3 Combining. III-2.3.1.2.4 Overall Uncertainty. III-2.3.2 Method 2 — Correct the Averaged Readings III-2.3.2.1 Method 2 Procedure. III-2.3.2.1.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
146	III-2.3.2.1.2 Averaging. III-2.3.2.1.3 Combining. III-2.3.2.1.4 Overall Uncertainty. III-2.3.2.2 Method 2 Example. III-2.3.2.2.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
148	III-2.3.2.2.2 Averaging. III-2.3.2.2.3 Combining.
149	III-2.3.2.2.4 Overall Uncertainty. III-2.3.3 Method 3 — Measured Values Are Not Corrected. III-2.3.3.1 Method 3 Procedure III-2.3.3.1.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location III-2.3.3.1.2 Combining. III-2.3.3.1.3 Overall Uncertainty. III-2.3.3.2 Method 3 Example.
150	III-2.3.3.2.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
151	III-2.3.3.2.2 Combining. III-2.3.3.2.3 Overall Uncertainty.
152	Table III-1.1-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet — Uncorrected Reading Table III-1.2-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet — Corrected Reading
153	Table III-2.3.1.2-1 Representative Sensor Accuracy Check Results for Method 1 Table III-2.3.1.2-2 Electronics Pretest Accuracy Check Results for Method 1 (As-Left Calibration)
154	Table III-2.3.1.2.1-1 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Thermocouple Calibration for Method 1 (Segment #1)
156	Table III-2.3.1.2.1-2 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Electronics Calibration for Method 1 (Segment #2) Table III-2.3.1.2.1-3 Calculation of Combined Corrections and Corrected Readings for Method 1 (Segment #2)
157	Table III-2.3.1.2.4-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Method 1 — Air/Gas Temperature
158	Table III-2.3.2.2-1 Representative Sensor Accuracy Check Results for Method 2 Table III-2.3.2.2-2 Electronics Pretest Accuracy Check Results for Method 2 (As-Left Calibration)
159	Table III-2.3.2.2.1-1 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Thermocouple Calibration for Method 2 (Segment #1)
160	Table III-2.3.2.2.1-2 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Electronics Calibration forMethod 2 (Segment #2)
161	Table III-2.3.2.2.1-3 Calculation of Combined Corrections and Corrected Readings for Method 2 (Segment #2) Table III-2.3.2.2.4-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Method 2 — Air/Gas Temperature
162	Table III-2.3.3.2-1 Representative Sensor Accuracy Check Results for Method 3 Table III-2.3.3.2-2 Electronics Pretest Accuracy Check Results for Method 3 (As-Left Calibration)
163	Table III-2.3.3.2.1-1 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Thermocouple Calibration for Method 3 (Segment #1)
164	Table III-2.3.3.2.1-2 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Electronics Calibration for Method 3 (Segment #2) Table III-2.3.3.2.3-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Method 3 — Air/Gas Temperature
165	MANDATORY APPENDIX IV SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS IV-1 INTRODUCTION IV-2 METHOD 1 — CORRECT INDIVIDUAL READINGS IV-2.1 Procedure IV-2.2 Example
167	IV-3 METHOD 2 — SINGLE CORRECTION FOR ALL DATA COLLECTED BETWEEN ACCURACY CHECKS IV-3.1 Procedure IV-3.1.1 Readings. IV-3.1.2 Loop Systematic Uncertainties. IV-3.1.3 Corrected Averages. IV-3.1.4 Averages. IV-3.1.5 Systematic Uncertainties. IV-3.2 Example
169	IV-4 METHOD 3 — MEASURED VALUES NOT CORRECTED IV-4.1 Procedure IV-4.2 Example
171	Table IV-2.2-1 Data for Other Readings — O2 Example
174	Table IV-2.2-2 Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty for Method 1
175	Table IV-3.2-1 Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty for Method 2 Table IV-4.2-1 Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty for Method 3
176	MANDATORY APPENDIX V NONDIRECTIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL FLOW PROBES V-1 INTRODUCTION V-2 PITOT-STATIC TUBES V-3 STAUSCHEIBE TUBE V-4 THREE-HOLE FECHHEIMER V-5 FIVE-HOLE FECHHEIMER V-6 PROBE CALIBRATION
177	V-7 YAW AND PITCH V-7.1 Instruments V-7.2 Accuracy V-7.3 Calibration
178	V-7.4 Number of Readings V-7.5 Operation V-8 CORRECTION OF TRAVERSE DATA V-8.1 Guideline for Initial Estimation of Probe Coefficient
179	V-8.2 Correction for Probe Coefficient and Probe Blockage
180	Fig. V-2-1 Pitot-Static Probe Fig. V-2-2 Pitot-Static Probe Head
181	Fig. V-3-1 Pitot–Stauscheibe Tube or “S” Type Pitot
182	Fig. V-4-1 Fechheimer Probe
183	Fig. V-5-1 Five-Hole Probe Tips
184	Fig. V-5-2 Prism Probe Cutaway
185	Fig. V-6-1 Free Stream Nozzle Jet
186	Fig. V-6-2 Wind Tunnel
187	Fig. V-6-3 Free Stream
188	Fig. V-7-1 Yaw and Pitch Planes
189	Fig. V-7-2 Yaw and PItch Convention
190	Fig. V-7-3 Five-Hole Probe
191	Fig. V-7.3-1 Pitch Angle, Phi, Versus Pitch Coefficient, C Phi Fig. V-7.3-2 Velocity Pressure Coefficient, Kv, Versus Pitch Pressure Coefficient, C Phi
192	Fig. V-7.3-3 Total Pressure Coefficient, Kt, Versus Pitch Pressure Coefficient, C Phi
193	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SAMPLE CALCULATIONS A-1 INTRODUCTION A-2 INPUT DATA SHEETS A-3 INTEGRATED UNCERTAINTY INPUT SHEETS A-4 OUTPUT — U.S. UNITS INPUT AND CALCULATION SHEET A-5 COMBUSTION AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS A-6 CORRECTED AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE CALCULATION SHEETS
194	A-7 AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE UNCERTAINTY WORKSHEETS
195	Table A-2-1 Input Data Sheet 1
196	Table A-2-2 Input Data Sheet 2
197	Table A-2-3 Input Data Sheet 3
198	Table A-2-4 Input Data Sheet 4
199	Table A-3-1 Integrated Uncertainty Input Sheet 1
200	Table A-3-2 Integrated Uncertainty Input Sheet 2
201	Table A-3-3 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet
202	Table A-4-1 Output — U.S. Units (Input and Calculation Sheet)
203	Table A-5-1 Combustion and Efficiency Calculations
205	Table A-6-1 Corrected Air Heater Performance Calculation Sheet
208	Table A-7-1 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: A
209	Table A-7-2 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: B
210	Table A-7-3 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: C
211	Table A-7-4 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: D
212	Table A-7-5 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: E
213	Table A-7-6 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: F
214	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B DERIVATION OF EQUATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION B-1 AVERAGE VALUES OF TEMPERATURES AND GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN DUCTS, AND THE NEED FOR FLOW WEIGHTING
217	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE MODEL BASED ON KNOWN SET OF CONDITIONS C-1 DESCRIPTION C-2 INPUTS
218	C-3 CORRECTION CURVES FOR OFF-DESIGN X-RATIO AND FLUE GAS MASS FLOW RATE
219	Fig. C-2-1 Example Visual Basic Computer Code to Calculate Air Heater Performance at Revised Boundary Conditions When Performance at a Base Set of Conditions Is Known
222	Fig. C-3-1 Example Visual Basic Computer Code to Generate Correction Curves
223	Table C-2-1 Acronyms
224	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D LEAK-CHECKING SAMPLING SYSTEMS
225	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E ELECTRONIC OXYGEN ANALYZERS E-1 ELECTROCHEMICAL E-1.1 Sample Condition E-1.1.1 Flow. E-1.1.2 Moisture. E-1.1.3 Cleanliness. E-1.1.4 Temperature. E-1.1.5 Pressure. E-1.2 Calibration E-1.3 External Factors Affecting Operation and Accuracy E-1.3.1 Ambient Temperature.
226	E-1.3.2 Ambient Humidity. E-1.3.3 Influence of Other Gases in Sample. E-1.3.4 Chemical Agents Expiring. E-1.3.5 Shock and Vibration. E-1.3.6 Warm-Up Time. E-1.3.7 Human Factors. E-1.3.8 Radiant Heat. E-1.3.9 Other. E-1.4 Typical Systematic Uncertainty Values E-2 ELECTRONIC — PARAMAGNETIC E-2.1 Sample Condition E-2.1.1 Flow. E-2.1.2 Moisture. E-2.1.3 Cleanliness. E-2.1.4 Temperature.
227	E-2.1.5 Pressure. E-2.2 Calibration E-2.3 External Factors Affecting Operation and Accuracy E-2.3.1 Ambient Temperature. E-2.3.2 Ambient Humidity. E-2.3.3 Influence of Other Gases in Sample. E-2.3.4 Chemical Agents Expiring. E-2.3.5 Shock and Vibration. E-2.3.6 Warm-Up Time. E-2.3.7 Human Factors. E-2.3.8 Radiant Heat. E-2.3.9 Other. E-2.4 Instrument Systematic Uncertainty Values E-3 ELECTRONIC — ZIRCONIA
228	E-3.1 Sample and Reference Gas Condition E-3.1.1 Flow. E-3.1.2 Moisture. E-3.1.3 Cleanliness. E-3.1.4 Temperature. E-3.1.5 Pressure. E-3.2 Calibration E-3.3 External Factors Affecting Operation and Accuracy E-3.3.1 Ambient Temperature. E-3.3.2 Ambient Humidity. E-3.3.3 Influence of Other Gases in Sample.
229	E-3.3.4 Chemical Agents Expiring. E-3.3.5 Shock and Vibration. E-3.3.6 Warm-Up Time. E-3.3.7 Human Factors. E-3.3.8 Radiant Heat. E-3.3.9 Other. E-3.4 Instrument Systematic Uncertainty Values E-4 ELECTRONIC ANALYZER CALIBRATION, INSTRUMENT SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY, AND RAW DATA ADJUSTMENT E-4.1 Frequency E-4.2 Calibration Gases E-4.3 Calibration Gas Concentrations
230	E-4.4 Calculation Methodology
231	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F CHEMICAL (ORSAT) FLUE GAS ANALYSIS F-1 INTRODUCTION F-2 SAMPLE CONDITION F-2.1 Flow/Quantity F-2.2 Moisture F-2.3 Cleanliness F-2.4 Temperature F-2.5 Pressure F-3 ORSAT PREPARATION F-4 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
232	F-5 PRECAUTIONS F-6 FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS F-7 SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
233	Fig. F-1-1 Standard Orsat
234	Fig. F-4-1 Dry Flue Gas Volumetric Combustion Chart
235	Fig. F-6-1 Using Compressed Air to Move the Sample
236	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX G INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED IN AN RFP
247	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX H INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED AS PART OF THE CONTRACT
248	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX J ROUTINE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING J-1 ROUTINE TESTING J-1.1 Reasons for Conducting Routine Air Heater Performance Tests J-1.2 Scope J-1.2.1 Leakage. J-1.2.2 Gas-Side Effectiveness and No-Leakage Exit Gas Temperature.
249	J-1.2.3 X-Ratio. J-1.2.4 Comparison of Required Parameters. J-1.3 Frequency of Runs J-1.4 Unit Conditions J-1.5 Approximate Equations for Percent Leakage J-1.5.1 Definitions of Symbols J-1.5.2 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent O2, by Volume on a Dry Basis.
250	J-1.5.3 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent O2, by Volume on a Wet Basis. J-1.5.4 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent CO2, by Volume on a Dry Basis. J-1.5.5 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent CO2, by Volume on a Wet Basis.
251	J-1.6 Other Simplifications for Routine Testing J-2 PERFORMANCE MONITORING J-2.1 Leakage, Corrected to Reference Inlet Air Temperature and, if Measured, Air-to-Gas Pressure Differential
255	J-2.2 Draft Loss Air and/or Gas, Corrected to Reference Fan Flow and Fan Inlet Temperature
257	J-2.3 No-Leakage Exit Gas Temperature, Corrected to Reference Inlet Air Temperature and Reference Inlet Gas Temperature J-2.3.1 Corrections. J-2.3.2 Impact of Change in No-Leakage Exit Gas Temperature.
258	J-2.4 Deviation From Standard or Design Gas-Side Effectiveness J-2.4.1 Calculating the Gas-Side Effectiveness. J-2.4.2 Impact. J-2.5 X-Ratio J-2.5.1 Change in Calculated Value. J-2.5.2 Impact of Change in X-Ratio.
259	J-2.6 Temperature Drop From Air Heater Outlet to Downstream of Cold-Air Bypass Junction J-2.7 Temperature Rise of Inlet Air Due to Hot-Air Recirculation J-2.8 Temperature Spread Between Multiple Thermocouples in a Single Air/Gas Duct J-3 FAULT TREE
260	Table J-1.2.4-1 Required Parameters for Routine Testing of Bi-Sector Air Heaters Table J-1.2.4-2 Required Parameters for Routine Testing of Tri-Sector Air Heaters
261	Table J-1.2.4-3 Parameters Required for Exit Flue Gas Temperature Evaluation
262	Table J-1.2.4-4 Parameters Required for Air Leakage Evaluation Based on Measured O2 Table J-1.2.4-5 Parameters Required for Air/Flue Gas Pressure Drop Evaluation
263	Table J-1.2.4-6 Parameters Required for Fuel, Air, and Flue Gas Flow Rate Evaluation Table J-1.5.3-1 Oxygen Content, by Volume, of Wet Air Versus Humidity Ratio
264	Table J-3-1 Fault Tree for High Exit-Gas Temperature

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2017	269


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Standard Title	ASME PTC-4.3 Air Heaters
Published Code	ASME
Publication Date	2017
Pages Count	269

ASME PTC 4.3 2017

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