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ASME SBS 2023

ASME SBS 2023

$94.79

ASME SBS-2023 Structures for Bulk Solids

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2023 131
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This Standard covers the requirements for vertical stationary containers used for the storage and processing of bulk solid materials at internal gage pressures not exceeding 15 psig (100 kPa) and external pressures, including wind pressure, not exceeding 1 psig (6.9 kPa) at temperatures up to 212 F (100 C).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
8 FOREWORD
9 ASME SBS COMMITTEE ROSTER
10 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE SBS COMMITTEE
12 Section 1 General Requirements
1-1 SCOPE
1-1.1 General Requirements
1-1.2 Jurisdictional Requirements
1-1.3 Classes Not in Scope
1-1.4 Bolted Containers Not Within Scope
13 1-1.5 Pressure-Retaining Parts Within Scope
1-1.6 Overpressure Protection
1-1.7 Nondestructive Examination
1-2 RESPONSIBILITIES
1-2.1 Ownerā€™s Responsibilities
1-2.2 Manufacturerā€™s Responsibilities
1-3 FABRICATION METHODS
1-4 ALTERNATIVE STRESS DESIGN BASIS
1-5 ITEMS NOT DESCRIBED
14 Section 2 References
15 Section 3 Definitions
3-1 GENERAL
3-2 DEFINITIONS FOR SECTION 5
3-3 DEFINITIONS FOR SECTION 6
16 3-4 NOMENCLATURE
17 Section 4 Materials
4-1 GENERAL
4-2 PLATES AND SHEETS
4-3 STRUCTURAL SHAPES
4-4 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS
18 4-5 FASTENERS AND ANCHOR RODS
4-6 WELDING MATERIAL
4-7 GASKETS AND SEALANTS
4-8 CLADDING
19 Tables
Table 4-2-1 Materials
21 Table 4-5-1 Fastener Materials
22 Table 4-7-1 Physical Requirements for Gasket Material
23 Section 5 Loadings Imposed by Bulk Solids
5-1 INTRODUCTION
5-1.1 Geometrical Limitations
5-1.2 Limitations on Stored Solids
5-1.3 Limitations on Filling and Discharge Arrangements
5-1.4 Designs That Are Out of Scope
5-2 CALCULATING LOADINGS IMPOSED BY BULK SOLIDS
5-2.1 General
24 5-2.2 Flow Patterns
Figures
Figure 5-1.1-1 Container Geometry Definitions
Table 5-2.1-1 Slenderness Category
25 5-2.3 Design Classes
5-2.4 Bulk Solids Properties
5-2.5 Calculation Procedure
26 5-2.6 Design Loads
Table 5-2.4-1 Values of Bulk Solid Properties to Be Used for Load Case for Design Class 2 Containers
27 Figure 5-2.6.1.1-1 Symmetrical Pressures in the Cylinder Segment
29 Figure 5-2.6.1.2-1 Pressures in a Squat or Intermediate Slenderness Container
Figure 5-2.6.1.3-1 Pressures in a Retaining Container
30 Figure 5-2.6.2-1 Boundary Between Steep and Shallow Hoppers
31 Figure 5-2.6.2-2 Distributions of Filling Pressures in Steep and Shallow Hoppers
32 Figure 5-2.6.2.2.3-1 Pressures on the Bottom of a Squat or Intermediate Slenderness Container
33 Figure 5-2.6.2.3-1 Discharge Pressures in a Steep Hopper
34 Figure 5-2.6.2.3-2 Conical Boundary Between Mass Flow and Funnel Flow for Pressure Calculations
35 Figure 5-2.6.2.3-3 Plane Flow Boundary Between Mass and Funnel Flow for Pressure Calculations
36 Figure 5-2.6.3.2-1 Pressure for Container Storing Fluidized Solids
37 Section 6 Design
6-1 SCOPE
6-2 INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY THE PURCHASER
6-3 WELDED JOINTS
6-3.1 Weld Size
6-3.2 Restrictions on Welded Joints
6-3.3 Typical Joints
Table 6-3.2-1 Minimum Fillet Weld Sizes
38 6-4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
6-4.1 Loads
Figure 6-3.3.1-1 Typical Bottom Joints
39 Figure 6-3.3.1-2 Typical Horizontal and Vertical Shell Joints
40 6-4.2 Special Provisions for Stored Contents With Earthquake Load
6-4.3 Design Factors
6-4.4 External Loads
6-5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
6-5.1 Adequacy of Foundation Support
6-5.2 Wear and Corrosion Allowance
6-5.3 Annular Bearing Plates
Table 6-3.3.6-1 Minimum Top Angle Sizes
41 6-5.4 Concrete Bearing Provisions
6-6 SHELL DESIGN OF WELDED AND SMOOTH-WALL BOLTED CONTAINERS
6-6.1 General
6-6.2 Allowable Design Stresses
Table 6-5.3-1 Annular Bearing Plate Thickness
Table 6-6.1.2-1 Minimum Shell Plate Thickness for Welded Containers
42 6-6.3 Shell Plate Thickness for Welded and Smooth-Wall Bolted Containers
6-6.4 Shell Stability Under Vertical Compression
44 6-6.5 Shell Design for External Pressure
46 6-7 OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL SHELLS
6-8 ROOF DESIGN
6-8.1 General
47 6-8.2 Self-Supporting Cone Roofs
6-8.3 Self-Supporting Spherical and Umbrella Dome Roofs
48 Figure 6-8.2.3-1 Permissible Roof-to-Shell Connection Details
49 6-8.4 Rafter-Supported Cone Roofs
50 6-8.5 Rafter-Supported Spherical and Umbrella Dome Roofs
Figure 6-8.4.6-1 Maximum Spacing of Rafters in Spherical/Umbrella Dome Roofs
51 6-8.6 Internal Pressure Design
52 6-8.7 Compression or Tension Ring at the Roofā€“Cylindrical Shell Junction
Figure 6-8.5.8-1 Dome Roof Rafter Buckling Modes
53 6-9 ANCHORAGE DESIGN
6-9.1 General
54 6-9.2 Self-Anchored Containers
6-9.3 Anchored Containers
55 6-10 CONTAINERS WITH SUSPENDED CONICAL HOPPERS
6-10.1 General
6-10.2 Stresses in Suspended Conical Hoppers
56 6-10.3 Welded Conical Hoppers
6-10.4 Bolted Conical Hoppers
6-10.5 Reinforcement at the Coneā€“Cylinder Junction
57 Figure 6-10.5.1-1 Hopper Apex Half Angle
58 Figure 6-10.5.3-1 Effective Area of Compression Ring at Coneā€“Cylinder Junction
59 Figure 6-10.5.3-2 Typical Coneā€“Cylinder Compression Rings
60 Figure 6-10.5.3-3 Placement Limit for Added Material Relative to Springline
61 6-11 COLUMN-SUPPORTED ELEVATED CONTAINERS
6-11.1 General
6-11.2 Direct Ringā€“Girder Moment, Torsional Moment, and Vertical Shear
Figure 6-11.1-1 Typical Ring Girder/Column Attachment Details
62 6-11.3 Thrust and Moment From Equally Spaced Radial Loads
Figure 6-11.2.1-1 Ring Girder on Equally Spaced Supports Under Uniform Vertical Load
63 Figure 6-11.2.2-1 Angle Between Support and Point Under Consideration
64 6-11.4 Maximum Ringā€“Girder Loads From Horizontal Loads Resisted by Column Bracing
6-11.5 Column-Supported Elevated Containers Without Ring Girders
6-12 SMOOTH-WALL BOLTED CONTAINERS
6-12.1 General
6-12.2 Materials
6-12.3 Bolted Joint Design
65 Table 6-11.3-1 Coefficients for Thrusts and Moments From Equally Spaced, Equal Radial Loads, P
66 Figure 6-11.4-1 Horizontal Force Orientation
Table 6-11.4-1 Coefficients for Maximum Reactions in the Ring Girder From Horizontal Forces
67 Table 6-12.3.7.1-1 Nominal Tensile Strength and Shear Strength for Bolts ā‰„0.25 in. and <0.5 in. in Diameter
68 Figure 6-12.3.7.1-1 Examples of Joint Configurations and Calculated Efficiencies, E
Table 6-12.3.7.1-2 Nominal Tensile and Shear Strength for Bolts ā‰„0.5 in. in Diameter
69 6-12.4 Loads
6-12.5 Steel Structural Members
6-13 CORRUGATED-WALL BOLTED CONTAINER
6-13.1 General
6-13.2 General Limitations
6-13.3 Design Considerations
72 Section 7 Fabrication
7-1 GENERAL FABRICATION AND ERECTION
7-1.1 Workmanship
7-1.2 Shaping and Forming of Shells, Bottom Transition Cones, Roofs, and Heads
73 7-1.3 Dimensional Tolerances for Assembled Structures
7-1.4 Marking
Table 7-1.2.2-1 Elastic Forming Limits
Table 7-1.3.3-1 Roundness Tolerance
74 7-1.5 Shipping
7-1.6 Inspection
7-1.7 Foundation Preparation
7-2 FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF WELDED CONTAINERS
7-2.1 General Fabrication
Figure 7-1.3.5-1 Radial Tilt
75 Table 7-2.1.4.1-1 Joint Alignment Tolerances for Butt Weld Joints
76 7-2.2 Details of Welding
Table 7-2.1.8.4-1 Weld Reinforcement
77 Figure 7-2.2.1.3-1 Butt Welding Plates of Unequal Thickness
Table 7-2.2.1.6-1 Minimum Fillet Weld Size
78 Figure 7-2.2.2.1-1 Head- or Cone-to-Shell Attachment Types
81 Figure 7-2.2.2.2-1 Weld Joints in Shells, Heads, and Roofs
83 Figure 7-2.2.5.1-1 Weld Joint Categories
Table 7-2.2.5.1-1 Weld Joint Categories
84 Table 7-2.2.6-1 Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Arc- and Gas-Welded Joints
85 7-2.3 Attachments
Figure 7-2.2.7.1-1 Weld-Spacing Requirements
87 Figure 7-2.3.2.3-1 Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Heads, Shells, etc.
92 Figure 7-2.3.2.4-1 Some Acceptable Types of Small Fittings
94 7-2.4 Welding Process
7-2.5 Repair of Weld Defects
7-2.6 Postweld Heat Treatment
95 Table 7-2.6.1.1-1 PWHT Requirements for Carbon Steels
Table 7-2.6.1.1-2 Alternative PWHT Requirements for Carbon Steels
98 7-2.7 Clad Construction
100 7-3 ERECTION OF BOLTED CONTAINERS
7-3.1 General
7-3.2 Assembly
7-3.3 Preparation of Surfaces to Be Bolted
7-3.4 Bolting
7-3.5 Bolt Tightening Requirements
7-3.6 Gasketing and Sealants
7-3.7 Dimensional Tolerance
7-3.8 Access Hatches, Openings, and Penetrations
101 Section 8 Examination and Testing
8-1 GENERAL
8-2 SHOP INSPECTION
8-3 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
8-3.1 General
8-3.2 Plumbness
8-3.3 Roundness
8-3.4 Local Deviations
8-3.5 Measurements
102 8-4 RADIOGRAPHY
8-4.1 General
8-4.2 Application
8-4.3 Required Radiography
8-4.4 Technique
103 8-4.5 Acceptance Criteria
8-4.6 Limits of Defective Welding
8-4.7 Radiographic Examination Records
8-5 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
8-6 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
8-7 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
104 8-8 VISUAL EXAMINATION
8-9 COATING INSPECTION
8-9.1 General
8-9.2 Personnel Qualification
8-9.3 Inspection Procedures
105 8-10 CONTAINER LOAD TESTING
8-11 INSPECTION PRIOR TO SHIPMENT
8-12 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF BOLTED CONTAINERS
8-12.1 Tolerances
8-12.2 Bolting
8-12.3 Coatings for Bolted Tanks
106 8-12.4 Seam Leak Test
107 Section 9 Overpressure Protection Venting
9-1 SCOPE
9-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
9-3 DESIGN BASIS FOR EXPLOSION (DEFLAGRATION) PROTECTION
9-4 SELECTION AND LOCATION OF OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION DEVICES
9-5 SIZING AND SETTING OF OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION DEVICES
108 MANDATORY APPENDIX I FOUNDATION DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
I-1 SCOPE
I-2 REFERENCES
I-3 DEFINITIONS
I-4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
I-5 DESIGN AND DRAWINGS
I-6 FOUNDATION INSTALLATIONS
I-7 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
109 I-8 DIRECT EARTH CONTACT FOUNDATIONS
I-9 DESIGN
I-10 CONSTRUCTION
I-11 FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES
I-12 INSPECTIONS AND TESTING
110 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A COATINGS AND LININGS
A-1 SCOPE
A-2 REFERENCES
A-3 DEFINITIONS
111 A-4 CORROSION, ABRASION, AND EROSION
A-4.1 General
A-4.2 External Corrosion
A-4.3 Internal Corrosion
A-5 DETERMINING THE NEED FOR COATING OR LINING
A-5.1 General
A-5.2 Coatings and Linings for Corrosion and Abrasion Protection
112 A-5.3 Linings for Flow Promotion
A-5.4 Container Design Considerations
A-5.5 Suitability for Change in Service
A-5.6 Upset Conditions
A-6 CONTAINER COATING/LINING SELECTION
A-6.1 General
A-6.2 Environmental Considerations
A-6.3 Exceptional Circumstances Affecting Coating or Lining Selection
A-7 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR FIELD-APPLIED COATINGS OR LININGS
A-7.1 General
113 A-7.2 Precleaning
A-7.3 Weld Preparation
A-7.4 Abrasive Blasting
A-7.5 Surface Profile and Anchor Pattern
A-7.6 Types and Quality of Abrasives
A-8 COATING OR LINING APPLICATION
A-8.1 General
A-8.2 Guidelines for Coating or Lining Application
A-8.3 Temperature and Humidity Control
A-8.4 Thickness and Curing
114 A-9 INSPECTION
A-9.1 General
A-9.2 Qualification of Inspection Personnel
A-9.3 Recommended Inspection Parameters
A-10 REPAIR OF COATINGS AND LININGS
A-10.1 General
A-10.2 Determine Cause of Failure
A-10.3 Types of Repair
A-10.4 Coating or Lining Manufacturerā€™s Recommendations
115 A-11 SAFETY
A-11.1 General
A-11.2 Bulk Storage Container Entry
A-11.3 Ventilation of Confined Space
A-11.4 Surface Preparation for Coating or Lining Applications
A-11.5 Manufacturerā€™s Safety Data Sheets
116 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B ASME SBS DATA SHEET FOR BULK SOLIDS STORAGE CONTAINERS
117 Form
Form B-1-1 ASME SBS Data Sheet for Bulk Solids Storage Containers
123 Figure C-1.1-1 Mass Flow Pattern
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C FLOW PATTERNS
C-1 FLOW PATTERNS
C-1.1 Mass Flow
124 C-1.2 Funnel Flow
C-2 DESIGN CHARTS FOR MASS FLOW
125 Figure C-1.2-1 Funnel Flow Pattern
126 Figure C-2-1 Mass Flow Design Diagrams
128 Table D-1-1 Bulk Solids Properties
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D BULK SOLIDS PROPERTIES
D-1 VALUES OF PROPERTIES OF BULK SOLIDS
129 Table D-1-2 Wall Surface Definition

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ASME SBS 2023
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