ASME STS 1 2021

$98.04

ASME STS-1-2021 Steel Stacks

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2021	112

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Description

This Standard applies to stacks where the primary supporting shell is made of steel (steel stacks). It applies to both single-and multiple-walled steel stacks, either of which can be lined or unlined. This Standard also applies to steel stacks that are guyed, or to certain aspects of tower stacks. The stack may be supported on a foundation or from another structure. This Standard covers mechanical and structural design, material selection, linings, coatings, and stack inspection and maintenance. Additional requirements for lighting and lightning protection, design for wind- and seismic-induced vibrations, and OSHA based climbing and access requirements are included. This Standard is intended for use with stacks containing nonflammable gases, such as combustion exhaust gases at low internal pressures, though may be applied to those stacks containing flammable gases after modification by an experienced individual.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
4	CONTENTS
7	FOREWORD
8	ASME STS COMMITTEE ROSTER
9	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE STS COMMITTEE
11	INTRODUCTION
12	ASME STS-1–2021 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
14	1 MECHANICAL DESIGN 1.1 Scope 1.2 General 1.3 Size Selection (Height, Diameter, and Shape)
15	1.4 Available Draft 1.5 Heat Loss (See Nonmandatory Appendix A, Figures A-2 Through A-9)
16	1.6 Thermal Expansion 1.7 Appurtenances
17	1.8 Symbols for Section 1 1.9 Definitions for Section 1 2 MATERIALS 2.1 Scope 2.2 Materials
20	3 LININGS AND COATINGS 3.1 Scope 3.2 Linings
23	3.3 Coatings
25	3.4 Corrosion
26	3.5 Insulation, Jacketing, and Strapping 4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 4.1 Scope 4.2 General 4.3 Applied Loading
28	4.4 Allowable Stresses
30	4.5 Deflections Tables Table 4.4.6-1 Minimum Fabricated Plate Thickness and Maximum Stiffener Spacing
31	4.6 Structural Shell Discontinuities 4.7 Base 4.8 Anchor Bolts 4.9 False Bottom 4.10 Foundation 4.11 Guyed Stacks
32	4.12 Braced and Tower-Supported Stacks Table 4.11.1.3-1 Cable Selection Criteria
33	4.13 Stacks with Refractory-Concrete Lining
34	4.14 Symbols and Definitions for Section 4
35	5 DYNAMIC WIND LOADS 5.1 Scope 5.2 Dynamic Responses
36	5.3 Prevention of Excessive Vibrations Table 5.2.1.2-1 Representative Structural Damping Values, βs
37	5.4 Symbols and Definitions for Section 5 6 ACCESS AND SAFETY 6.1 Scope 6.2 General
38	6.3 Fixed Ladders
39	Figures Figure 6.2.6-1 Example of the General Construction of Cages
40	Figure 6.2.6-2 Minimum Ladder Clearances
41	Figure 6.3.6-1 Ladder Dimensions, Support Spacing, and Side Clearances
42	Figure 6.3.7-1 Length of Climb
44	Figure 6.3.9-1 Landing Platform Dimensions
45	6.4 Work Platforms 6.5 Scaffolding and Hoists Used for Construction of Steel Stacks 6.6 Thermal Protection 7 ELECTRICAL 7.1 Scope 7.2 General
46	7.3 Aviation Obstruction Light System 7.4 Lightning Protection 7.5 Convenience Lighting 7.6 Convenience Power Outlets 7.7 Instrumentation: Sampling 8 FABRICATION AND ERECTION 8.1 Purpose 8.2 Scope
47	8.3 Welding 8.4 Welding Inspection and Nondestructive Testing 8.5 Tolerances 8.6 Shop Fabrication and Field Erection
48	8.7 Grouting 8.8 Handling and Storage 9 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 9.1 Purpose 9.2 Scope 9.3 Common Problems
49	9.4 Inspection
50	9.5 Maintenance 10 REFERENCES
53	Table I-1 Terrain Exposure Constants MANDATORY APPENDIX I STRUCTURAL DESIGN — GUST EFFECT FACTOR CALCULATION
54	Figure I-1 Topographic Factor, Kzt
55	Table I-2 Risk Category of Buildings and Other Structures for Flood, Wind, Snow, and Earthquake Loads
56	Table I-3 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kz
57	Table I-4 Force Coefficients, Cf
58	Figure A-1 Friction Factor, f, as Related to Reynolds Number and Stack Diameter NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A MECHANICAL DESIGN
59	Figure A-2 External Heat Transfer Coefficient for Forced and Natural Convection
60	Figure A-3 Effect of a Change in the Ambient Air-Free Stream Temperature on the External Heat Transfer Coefficient for Forced Convection
61	Figure A-4 Heat Transfer Coefficient for the Air Gap Between Two Walls of a Double-Walled Metal Chimney (Mean Temperature 200°F Through 400°F)
62	Figure A-5 Heat Transfer Coefficient for the Air Gap Between Two Walls of a Double-Walled Metal Chimney (Mean Temperature 500°F and 600°F)
63	Figure A-6 Internal Heat Transfer Coefficient vs. Velocity at Film Temperature: 200°F
64	Figure A-7 Internal Heat Transfer Coefficient vs. Velocity at Film Temperature: 300°F
65	Figure A-8 Internal Heat Transfer Coefficient vs. Velocity at Film Temperature: 500°F
66	Figure A-9 Internal Heat Transfer Coefficient vs. Velocity at Film Temperature: 1,000°F
67	Figure A-10 Flue Size
68	Figure A-11 Natural Draft
69	Figure A-12 Friction Loss
70	Figure A-13 Exit Loss and Entrance
71	Table A-1 K Factors for Breeching Entrance Angle
72	Table B-1 ASTM A36 Carbon Steel NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B MATERIALS FOR AMBIENT AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SERVICE
73	Table B-2 ASTM A387 Grade 11 Alloy Steel
75	Table B-3 ASTM A387 Grade 12 Alloy Steel
76	Table B-4 ASTM A242 Type 1, A606 Type 4 (Corten A)
77	Table B-5 ASTM A588 Grade A, A709 (Corten B)
78	Table B-6 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 410
79	Table B-7 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 304
80	Table B-8 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 316
81	Table B-9 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 304L
82	Table B-10 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 316L
83	Table B-11 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 317
84	Table B-12 ASTM A516 Grade 70
85	Table B-13 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 309
86	Table B-14 ASTM A240 Stainless Steel Type 310
87	Table B-15 Other Stainless Steels, Nickel Alloys, and Titanium Used for Stacks and Chimney Liners Table B-16 Thermal Coefficients of Expansion
88	Table B-17 Maximum Nonscaling Temperature
89	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C LININGS AND COATINGS
90	Figure C-1 Dewpoint Versus Sulfur Trioxide Concentration
91	Figure C-2 Sulfuric Acid Saturation Curve
92	Table C-1 Suggested Suitability of Linings for Steel Stacks to Withstand Chemical and Temperature Environments of Flue Gases
93	Table C-2 Suggested Stack Coating Characteristics and Classifications
94	Figure D-1 Normalized Response Spectrum Values NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D STRUCTURAL DESIGN
95	Figure D-2 Seismic Zone Map
97	Table D-1 Special Values for Maximum Ground Acceleration of 1.0g Table D-2 Response Spectrum Scaling Ratio Versus Av
98	Table D-3 Allowable Creep Stress of Carbon Steel at Elevated Temperature
99	Table D-4 Creep and Rupture Properties of Type 410 Stainless Steel Table D-5 Creep and Rupture Properties of Type 304 Stainless Steel Table D-6 Creep and Rupture Properties of Type 316 Stainless Steel Table D-7 Creep and Rupture Properties of Type 317 Stainless Steel
100	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS E-1 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
101	Table E-1.1-1 Example 1: Velocity Pressure, qz, Calculations
102	Table E-1.2-1 Example 2: Gust Effect Factor, Gf, Calculations
103	Table E-1.3-1 Stack 1 Along Wind Loading E-2 VORTEX SHEDDING DESIGN (THIS METHODOLOGY IS NOT AN EXAMPLE)
104	E-3 COMPUTATION OF VORTEX-INDUCED RESPONSE (THIS METHODOLOGY IS NOT AN EXAMPLE)
105	Table E-1.5-1 Example 5: Earthquake Response Spectrum Example Calculations
107	Table E-4-1 Mode Shape by Element Table E-4-2 Equivalent Fatique and Static Loads by Element E-4 VORTEX SHEDDING EXAMPLE (EXAMPLE CALCULATION)
110	Table F-1 Length Table F-2 Area Table F-3 Volume (Capacity) Table F-4 Kinematic Viscosity (Thermal Diffusivity) Table F-5 Force Table F-6 Force/Length Table F-7 Pressure or Stress (Force per Area) NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F CONVERSION FACTORS: U.S. CUSTOMARY TO SI (METRIC)
111	Table F-8 Bending Moment (Torque) Table F-9 Mass Table F-10 Mass per Area Table F-11 Mass per Volume Table F-12 Temperatures Table F-13 Heat Table F-14 Velocity Table F-15 Acceleration