ASTM-E494 2005

$44.96

E494-05 Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2005	13

Guaranteed Safe Checkout

Category: ASTM

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

Description

ASTM E494-05

Historical Standard: Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials

ASTM E494

Scope

1.1 This practice covers a test procedure for measuring ultrasonic velocities in materials with conventional ultrasonic pulse echo flaw detection equipment in which results are displayed in an A-scan display. This practice describes a method whereby unknown ultrasonic velocities in a material sample are determined by comparative measurements using a reference material whose ultrasonic velocities are accurately known.

1.2 This procedure is intended for solid materials 5 mm [0.2 in.] thick or greater. The surfaces normal to the direction of energy propagation shall be parallel to at least ±3°. Surface finish for velocity measurements shall be 3.2 υm [125 in.] rms or smoother.

Note 1—Sound wave velocities are cited in this practice using the fundamental units of metres per second, with inches per second supplied for reference in many cases. For some calculations, it is convenient to think of velocities in units of millimetres per microsecond. While these units work nicely in the calculations, the more natural units were chosen for use in the tables in this practice. The values can be simply converted from m/s to mm/s by moving the decimal point three places to the left, that is, 3500 m/s becomes 3.5 mm/μs.

1.3 Ultrasonic velocity measurements are useful for determining several important material properties. Young’s modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, acoustic impedance, and several other useful properties and coefficients can be calculated for solid materials with the ultrasonic velocities if the density is known (see Appendix X1).

1.4 More accurate results can be obtained with more specialized ultrasonic equipment, auxiliary equipment, and specialized techniques. Some of the supplemental techniques are described in Appendix X2. (Material contained in Appendix X2 is for informational purposes only.)

Note 2—Factors including techniques, equipment, types of material, and operator variables will result in variations in absolute velocity readings, sometimes by as much as 5 %. Relative results with a single combination of the above factors can be expected to be much more accurate (probably within a 1 % tolerance).

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords

measure of ultrasonic velocity; nondestructive testing; ultrasonic properties of materials; ultrasonic thickness gages; ultrasonic velocity

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 19.100 (Non-destructive testing)

DOI: 10.1520/E0494-05

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Scope Referenced Documents Terminology Summary of Practice
2	Basis of Application Apparatus Procedure FIG. 1
3	Report Keywords
4	X1. FORMULAS X1.1 X2. IMPORTANT TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING ULTRASONIC VELOCITY IN MATERIALS X2.1 Introduction X2.2 Special Features Built Into the Ultrasonic Equipment X2.3 Precision Oscilloscope
5	X2.4 Electronic Time Marker X2.5 Ultrasonic Interferometer (Velocity Comparator) X2.7 Pulse Echo Twin-Probe Method
6	X2.8 Harmonic Wave Method (Zero Method) X2.9 Phase Comparison Method FIG. X2.1
7	X2.10 Pulse Superposition Method X2.11 Phase Velocity by Pulse-Echo-Overlap Method X2.12 Sonic Resonance X2.13 Momentary Contact Pressure Coupling Technique
8	X2.14 Notched-Bar and Stepped-Wire Techniques X2.15 Continuous Wave (CW) Phase-Sensitive Techniques X2.16 Alternative Method for Measuring Velocities of Materials
9	X2.17 Through Transmission—Pulse Echo X2.18 Velocimetry Methods Independent of Thickness FIG. X2.2
10	TABLE X2.1
11	X3. ACOUSTIC VELOCITY IN ENGINEERING MATERIALS X3.1 TABLE X3.1
12	X4. VARIATION OF THE ACOUSTIC VELOCITY IN WATER WITH TEMPERATURE TABLE X3.2 TABLE X4.1
13	REFERENCES