AWWA C150 2023
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AWWA C150/A21.50-21(R23) Thickness Design of Ductile-Iron Pipe
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| AWWA | 2023 |
This standard describes the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe complying with the requirements of ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51, Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast. Sec. 4.1 outlines the design procedure, and Sec. 4.2 gives a design example. Sec. 4.3 explains the basis of design. As opposed to using procedures in Sec. 4.1 or Sec. 4.3, the designer may reference Tables 12 through 14 directly. Table 12 lists thicknesses for standard laying conditions and certain depths of cover. Table 13 lists thicknesses for 150-psi through 350-psi (1,034-kPa through 2,413-kPa) water working pressure. The greater thickness from Table 12 or Table 13 for given trench load or internal pressure should be used. Table 14 lists working pressures and maximum depths of cover for standard laying conditions and standard pressure classes. Table 15 lists special thickness classes of ductile-iron pipe. This standard can be referenced in purchase documents for the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe
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| 1 | Document Article Figure ANSI/AWWA ANSI/AWWA ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50-21(R23) (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50-21)(Reaffirmed without revision 2023) Ideal crop marks |
| 2 | AWWA Standard This document is an AWWA standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor d American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Sta Caution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the America [email protected] ISBN-13, print: 978-1-64717-183-4 ISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-710-5 DOI: 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.C150.2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including scanning, recording, or any information or retrieval system. Reproduction and commercial use of this material is prohibited, except with written permission from the publisher. Copyright © 2023 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA |
| 3 | Committee Personnel Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Subcommittee No. 1, Pipe, which reaffirmed this standard without revision, had the following personnel at the time of reaffirmation: Maury D. Gaston, Chair General Interest Members M.B. Horsley, Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kans. J.A. Hrdlicka (liaison, nonvoting), Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. J.R. Plattsmier, Plattsmier Engineering PLLC, New Port Richey, Fla. P.A. Selig, Consultant, Vestavia, Ala. Producer Members S.R. Bandi, Sigma Corporation, Cream Ridge, N.J. S. Box (alternate), Sigma Corp., Ooltewah, Ala. L.R. Dunn (alternate), Bessemer, Ala. J.H. Eddings, McWane Ductile, Phillipsburg, N.J. J.A. Fancher (alternate), ACIPCO, Birmingham, Ala. M.D. Gaston, American Ductile Iron Pipe, Birmingham, Ala. L.G. Horn, Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, Birmingham, Ala. D.A. Hughes, U.S. Pipe, Pelham, Ala. K.J. Kempf (alternate), Kempf Holdings LLC, Omaha, Neb. T.J. Muntz, National Association of Pipe Fabricators, Stillwater, Minn. D. Swalley, Electrosteel USA LLC, Birmingham, Ala. User Members M.J. Britch, Tualatin Valley Water District, Beaverton, Ore. S. DuChez (alternate), Bechtel, Urbana, Md. B. Jimma, Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Laurel, Md. |
| 4 | AWWA Standards Committee A21, Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: John R. Plattsmier, Chair Maury D. Gaston, Vice-Chair General Interest Members M. Dunn, Crist Engineers Inc., Little Rock, Ark. J. Hebenstreit, UL LLC, Northbrook, Ill. M.B. Horsley, Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kans. J.A. Hrdlicka (liaison, nonvoting), Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. D.H. Kroon, Aegion, Montgomery, Tex. D.D. Lary (alternate), Wright-Pierce, Topsham, Maine C.R. Laucamp, AECOM, Chicago, Ill. P.J. Mourt, HDR Engineering, Plymouth Meeting, Pa. J.R. Plattsmier, Plattsmier Engineering PLLC, New Port Richey, Fla. S. Pool (alternate), HDR, Denver, Colo. G. Ramon, (liaison, nonvoting), Standards Council Liaison, Little Rock Water Reclamation Authority, Little Rock, Ark. T.M. Stinson, Kleinfelder Inc., Holbrook, Mass. Producer Members C. Corcoran, (alternate), U.S. Pipe and Foundry, Hoover, Ala. L.R. Dunn (alternate), Bessemer, Ala. J.H. Eddings, McWane Ductile, Phillipsburg, N.J. J.A. Fancher (alternate), ACIPCO, Birmingham, Ala. M.D. Gaston, American Ductile Iron Pipe, Birmingham, Ala. L.G. Horn, Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, Birmingham, Ala. D.A. Hughes, U.S. Pipe, Pelham, Ala. J.C. Jones, Georg Fischer Piping Systems, Dallas, Tex. J.S. Palombo, EJ Prescott, Gardiner, Maine A. Rich (alternate), Garich & Sons, Deer Creek, Ill. R.D. Swalley, Electrosteel USA LLC, Birmingham, Ala. M.A. Vess (alternate), Tyler Union Waterworks, Anniston, Ala. |
| 5 | User Members M.J. Britch, Tualatin Valley Water District, Beaverton, Ore. J. Fox, Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, Fla. M.L. McLaughlin, Independence Water Department, Independence, Mo. C.J. Patla, Connecticut Water Company, Clinton, Conn. J.M. Ross, Denver Water, Denver, Colo. P.A. Shively, Kansas City Water, City of Kansas City, Mo. J.R. Waugh, United States Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. J.T. Wilson, Cobb County-Marietta Water Authority, Marietta, Ga. R.L. Worden, COMCD, Norman, Okla. |
| 7 | Foreword Foreword Foreword I Introduction …………………………….. ix I Introduction …………………………….. ix I.A Background ………………………………. ix I.A Background ………………………………. ix I.B History …………………………………….. ix I.B History …………………………………….. ix I.C Acceptance ……………………………….. x I.C Acceptance ……………………………….. x II Special Issues. ……………………………. xi II Special Issues. ……………………………. xi III Use of This Standard …………………. xi III Use of This Standard …………………. xi III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives …. xi III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives …. xi III.B Modification to Standard ……………. xi III.B Modification to Standard ……………. xi I V Major Revisions …………………………. xi V Comments ……………………………….. xi V Comments ……………………………….. xi Standard Standard 1 General 1 General 1.1 Scope……………………………………….. 1 1.1 Scope……………………………………….. 1 1.2 Purpose ……………………………………. 2 1.2 Purpose ……………………………………. 2 1.3 Application ……………………………….. 2 1.3 Application ……………………………….. 2 2 References ……………………………….. 2 2 References ……………………………….. 2 3 Definitions ………………………………. 3 3 Definitions ………………………………. 3 4 Requirements 4 Requirements 4.1 Procedure for Calculating 4.1 Procedure for Calculating Thickness ……………………………. 3 (see Table 2) ………………………… 13 (Earth Load Plus Truck Load) … 30 |
| 9 | Foreword Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C150/A21.50. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. * I. Introduction. I.A. Background. The purpose of this standard is to provide pipeline designers with a recommended design procedure and associated tabular data necessary to establish the wall thickness(es) required for buried ductile-iron pipe based on the type of pipe embedment, depths of trench cover, live load conditions, internal working pressures, and surge conditions appropriate for the specific pipeline project. Once the required wall thickness(es) are established, the ductile-iron pipe should be specified to be manu Although ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50 is commonly used for designing ductile-iron pipe for services other than water, users are also directed to ASTM A746, Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe, and ASTM A716, Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe. † ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. † I.B. History. American National Standards Committee A21, Cast-Iron Pipe and Fittings, was organized in 1926 under the sponsorship of the American Gas Association (AGA), ASTM International (ASTM), AWWA, and New England Water Works Association (NEWWA). Between 1972 and 1984, the co-secretariats were AGA, AWWA, and NEWWA, with AWWA serving as administrative secretariat. In 1984, the committee became an AWWA committee with the name of American Water Works Association Standards Committee A21 on Ductile-Iron Pipe The present scope of AWWA Committee A21 activity is the development of standards and manuals addressing ductile-iron pressure pipe for water and other liquids and ductile-iron and gray-iron fittings for use with this pipe. These standards and manuals include design, dimensions, materials, coatings, linings, joints, accessories, and methods of inspection and testing. The work of AWWA Committee A21 is conducted by subcommittees. The scope of Subcommittee 1, Pipe, includes the periodic review of current A21 standards for pipe, the preparation of revisions and new standards when needed, as well as other matters pertaining to pipe standards. |
| 10 | The first edition of C150/A21.50, American National Standard for the Thickness Design of Ductile-Iron Pipe, was issued in 1965, and revisions were issued in 1971, 1976, 1981, 1991, 1996, 2002, 2008, and 2014. This edition was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on October 25, 2021, and reaffirmed without revision on October 23, 2023. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). AWWA and the Association of State Drinking Water In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including ‡ Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. ‡ 1. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 2. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF/ANSI/CAN 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI/CAN 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. § NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. § ¶ Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Canada. Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Canada. ¶ 3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,** and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. ** Both publications available from The National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. ** Both publications available from The National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. |
| 11 | Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI/CAN 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA C150 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. In order to meet a project’s schedule, at the manufacturer’s option and with the purchaser’s agreement, pipe may be shipped whose class is heavier than required or ordered. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50, Thickness Design of Ductile-Iron Pipe, of latest revision. 2. As noted in Sec. I.A of the Foreword, ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 contains options that must be addressed by the purchaser in response to site-specific requirements for ductile-iron pipe. III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition include the following: 1. Option for shipping heavier pipe with agreement of the purchaser was moved from Section 4 to Section II, Special Issues, in the Foreword. V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235; or email at [email protected]. |
| 13 | C150/A21.50-21(R23) C150/A21.50-21(R23) ANSI/AWWA (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50-21)(Reaffirmed without revision 2023) ® AWWA Standard AWWA Standard Thickness Design of Ductile-Iron Pipe SECTION 1: GENERAL Sec. 1.1 Scope This standard describes the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe complying with the requirements of ANSI*/AWWA C151/A21.51, Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast. Sec. 4.1 outlines the design procedure, and Sec. 4.2 gives a design example. Sec. 4.3 explains the basis of design. As opposed to using procedures in Sec. 4.1 or Sec. 4.3, the designer may reference Table 12, Table 13, and Table 14 directly. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. * Table 12 lists thicknesses for standard laying conditions and certain depths of cover. Table 13 lists thicknesses for 150-psi through 350-psi (1,034-kPa through 2,413-kPa) water working pressure. † Metric identifiers in this standard are nominal sizes and are not those specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. Metric identifiers in this standard are nominal sizes and are not those specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. † The greater thickness from Table 12 or Table 13 for given trench load or internal pressure should be used. Table 14 lists working pressures and maximum depths of cover for standard laying conditions and standard pressure classes. Table 15 lists special thickness classes of ductile-iron pipe. |
| 14 | Sec. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe, including basis of design and design procedure. Sec. 1.3 Application This standard can be referenced in purchase documents for the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to the thickness design of ductile-iron pipe. SECTION 2: REFERENCES This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, these documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. AASHTO* T-99—Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop. * American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 555 12th St NW, Ste 1000, Washington, DC 20004. * American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 555 12th St NW, Ste 1000, Washington, DC 20004. ANSI/AWWA C115/A21.15—Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Ductile-Iron or Gray-Iron Threaded Flanges. ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51—Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast. ANSI/AWWA C600—Installation of Ductile-Iron Mains and Their Appurtenances. ANSI/AWWA C606—Grooved and Shouldered Joints. ASTM D2487—Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). † ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. † ASTM D3282—Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes. NSF/ANSI/CAN 61—Drinking Water System Components–Health Effects. ‡ NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. ‡ § Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Canada. Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Canada. § |
| 15 | SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Casting allowance: Tolerance added to provide the latitude required by the manufacturing process and that is dependent on pipe size (Table 3). 2. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 3. Service allowance: Added thickness of 0.08 in. (2 mm) for all pipes that provide an additional safety factor for unknowns. 4. Surge pressure: Internal pressure in excess of the working pressure caused by rapid changes in pipeline flow velocity. 5. Working pressure: Maximum internal pressure exerted under normal operating conditions. SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS Sec. 4.1 Procedure for Calculating Thickness The thickness of ductile-iron pipe is determined by considering trench load and internal pressure separately. 4.1.1 Step 1: Design for internal pressure. Calculate the net thickness required for internal pressure using the equation for hoop stress: (Eq 1) tPDSi=2 where: t = net thickness, in. (mm) P = design internal pressure, psi (kPa) = 2 (P + P) i w s P = working pressure, psi (kPa) w P = surge allowance, 100*psi (689 kPa) s If anticipated surge pressures are other than 100 psi (689 kPa), the actual anticipated pressure should be used. If anticipated surge pressures are other than 100 psi (689 kPa), the actual anticipated pressure should be used. * D = outside diameter of pipe, in. (mm) |
| 16 | 4.1.2 Step 2: Design for trench load. a. Determine trench load P. Table 1 gives trench load, including earth load P, plus truck load P, for 2.5- to 32-ft (0.8- to 9.8-m) cover. v e t b. Determine the standard laying condition from the descriptions in Table 2 and select the appropriate table for diameter-thickness ratios from Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11. Each table lists diameter-thickness ratios calculated over a range of trench loads. c. Refer to the column headed “Bending-Stress Design” in the appropriate table of Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11, and locate the tabulated trench load P from Sec. 4.1.2.a. If the calculated P is between two tabulated values, use the larger P value. v v v d. Select the corresponding D/t value for this P. v e. Divide the pipe’s outside diameter D (Table 5) by the D/t value to obtain the net thickness t required for bending-stress design. 4.1.3 Step 3: Selection of net thickness and addition of service allowances. a. Select the net thickness t from Step 1 or Step 2, whichever thickness is larger. b. Add the service allowance of 0.08 in. (2.0 mm) to the net thickness t. The resulting thickness is the minimum thickness t. 1 4.1.4 Step 4: Check deflection. Refer to the column headed “Deflection Check” in the appropriate table of Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11, and locate the tabulated trench load P from Sec. 4.1.2.a. If the calculated P is between two tabulated values, use the larger P value. (If the calculated P is less than the minimum P listed in the table, deflection does not govern; proceed to Step 5.) v v v v v a. Select the corresponding D/t value for this P. 1 v b. Divide the pipe’s outside diameter D (Table 5) by the D/t value to obtain the minimum thicknesst required for deflection. 1 1 |
| 17 | 4.1.6 Step 6: Selection of nominal thickness and standard pressure class. Use the total calculated thickness from Sec. 4.1.5 to select a standard pressure-class thickness from Table 5. When the calculated thickness is between two nominal thicknesses, select the larger of the two. When specifying and ordering pipe, specify the pressure class listed in Table 5 corresponding to this nominal thickness. Note: On specific projects, manufacturers may be willing to provide pipe with thicknesses that fall between standard classes. 4.1.7 Alternative procedure. The appropriate standard pressure class may also be determined by using the design equations in Sec. 4.3. Sec. 4.2 Design Example for Calculating Thickness Problem: Calculate the thickness for 30-in. (760-mm) ductile-iron pipe bedded in loose soil for a minimum depth of 4 in. (100 mm), backfill lightly consolidated to top of pipe, laying condition Type 3, under 10 ft (3 m) of cover for a working pressure of 150 psi (1,034 kPa). 4.2.1 Step 1: Design for internal pressure. P = 2.0 (P + P) = 2.0 (working pressure + 100 psi surge allowance) i w s (If anticipated surge pressures are other than 100 psi [689 kPa], the actual anticipated pressures should be used.) P = (2.0)(150 + 100) = 500 psi i tPDSi==´´=25003200242000019.,.in. |
| 18 | 4.2.3 Step 3: Selection of net thickness and addition of service allowances. The larger of the thicknesses is given by the design for trench load, Step 2, and 0.20 in. is selected. Net thickness = 0.20 in. Service allowance = 0.08 in. Minimum manufacturing thickness = 0.28 in. 4.2.4 Step 4: Check deflection. Entering P of 9.0 psi in Table 9, the “Deflection Check” requires D/t of 136. Minimum thickness t for deflection design = D/(D/t ) = 32.00/136 = 0.24 in. v 1 1 1 This minimum thickness, 0.24 in., is less than the minimum thickness calculated in Sec. 4.2.3 (0.28 in.); therefore, deflection does not govern. 4.2.5 Step 5: Add the casting allowance. Minimum manufacturing thickness = 0.28 in. Casting allowance = 0.07 in. Total calculated thickness = 0.35 in. 4.2.6 Step 6: Selection of nominal thickness and standard pressure class. The total calculated thickness of 0.35 in. is larger than 0.34 in., Class 150 (Table 5). Therefore, Class 200 (0.38 in.) is selected for specifying and ordering. Sec. 4.3 Design Method 4.3.1 Ductile-iron pipe thickness. The thickness of ductile-iron pipe is determined by considering internal pressure and trench load separately. Calculations are first made for the thickness required to resist the hoop stress from internal pressure. Calculations are then made for the thickness required to resist the bending stress caused by trench load. The larger of the two is selected as the net thickness. A service allowance is added to this net thickness to achieve the minimum thickness t. 1 The minimum thickness required for deflection is then calculated and compared to t. The larger of the two is selected as the minimum manufacturing thickness. A casting allowance is added to this minimum manufacturing thickness to obtain the total calculated thickness. 1 The nominal thickness and the standard pressure class for specifying and ordering are selected from the table of nominal thicknesses for standard pressure classes (Table 5). The reverse of the preceding procedure is used to determine the rated working pressure and maximum depth of cover for pipe of a given pressure class. |
| 19 | 4.3.2 Trench load P. Trench load is expressed as vertical pressure in pounds per square inch (kilopascals) and is equal to the sum of earth load P and truck load P. v e t 4.3.3 Earth load P. Earth load is computed by Eq 4 for the weight of the unit prism of soil with a height equal to the distance from the top of the pipe to the ground surface. The unit weight of backfill soil is taken to be 120 lb/ft (18.85 kN/m). If the designer anticipates additional loads, the design load should be increased accordingly. e 3 3 4.3.4 Truck load P. The truck loads shown in Table 1 were computed by Eq 5 using the surface-load factors in Table 6 and the reduction factors R from Table 4 for a single AASHTO H-20 truck on unpaved road or flexible pavement, 16,000-lb (71,170-N) wheel load, and 1.5 impact factor. The surface-load factors in Table 6 were calculated by Eq 6 for a single concentrated wheel load centered over an effective pipe length of 3 ft (0.914 m). t 4.3.5 Design for trench load. Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11, the diameter-thickness ratio tables used to design for trench load, were computed with Eqs 2 and 3. Eq 2 is based on the bending stress at the bottom of the pipe. The design-bending stress f is 48,000 psi (331 × 10 kPa), which provides at least a 1.5 safety factor based on minimum ring yield strength and a 2.0 safety factor based on ultimate strength. Eq 3 is based on the deflection of the pipe ring section. The design deflect 3 b x Tables similar to Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11 may be compiled for laying conditions other than those shown in this standard by calculating the trench loads P for a series of diameter-thickness ratios, D/t and D/t, using Eqs 2 and 3 with values of E´, K, and K appropriate to the bedding and backfill conditions. v 1 b x 4.3.6 Tables. Tables for earth load (P), truck load (P), trench load (P), surface load factor (C ), and diameter/thickness ratios (D/t and D/t) have been incorporated into this standard for reference and simplification of required pipe class determination. If a pipe class determination resulting from use of these tables is in conflict with a pipe class determination resulting from design equations Eqs 1 through 6, the more exact pipe class determination from use of the design equations should govern. Table e t v 1 |
| 20 | (Eq 2) tPDSi=2 (Eq 3) PfDtDtKKEEDtbxn =æèçöø÷-æèçöø÷–æèçöø÷+31810733¢.22éëêêêêêêêùûúúúúúúú (Eq 4) PxDKEDtExn =-æèçöø÷+éëêêêêêùûúúúúúD1281073213.¢ (Eq 5) PwHae= (Eq 6) PRFCPbDt= (Eq 7) CHABHAHBH =-+++()+()æèççöø÷÷+122222222parcsin 2112222222pAHBAHBAHBH´´++æèççöø÷÷+++æèçöø÷ Note: In Eq 7, angles are in radians. Sec. 4.4 Explanation of Symbols Used in Design Equations A = Outside radius of pipe. For A in feet, D in inches: A = D/24 (For A in m, D in mm: A = D/2,000) a = Conversion factor. For pounds per square foot to pounds per square inch: a = 144 (For kilonewtons per square meter to kilopascals: a = 1) B = 1.5 ft (0.457 m) b = Effective pipe length: 36 in. (0.914 m) C = Surface-load factor: see Table 6 |
| 21 | D = Outside diameter, in inches (mm): see Table 5 E = Modulus of elasticity: 24 × 10psi (165.5 × 10kPa) 6 6 E´ = Modulus of soil reaction, in psi (kPa): see Table 2 F = Impact factor: 1.5 f = Design-bending stress: 48,000 psi (331 × 10kPa) 3 H = Depth of cover, in ft (m) K = Bending moment coefficient: see Table 2 b K = Deflection coefficient: see Table 2 x P = Wheel load: 16,000 lb (71,170 N) P = Earth load, in psi (kPa) e P = Design internal pressure, psi (kPa): P = 2 (working pressure + 100 psi [689 kPa] surge allowance) i i 1 |
| 22 | Table 1 Earth loads P, truck loads P, and trench loads P—psi Table 1 Earth loads P, truck loads P, and trench loads P—psi e t v Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover 3-in. Pipe 3-in. Pipe 4-in. Pipe 4-in. Pipe 6-in. Pipe 6-in. Pipe 8-in. Pipe 8-in. Pipe ft ft ft P P e P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1 9.9 9.9 12.0 12.0 9.9 9.9 12.0 12.0 9.9 9.9 12.0 12.0 9.8 9.8 11.9 11.9 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 7.4 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.4 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.3 7.3 9.8 9.8 7.3 7.3 9.8 9.8 4 4 4 3.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 7.7 7.7 4.5 4.5 7.8 7.8 4.4 4.4 7.7 7.7 4.4 4.4 7.7 7.7 5 5 5 4.2 4.2 3.0 3.0 7.2 7.2 3.0 3.0 7.2 7.2 3.0 3.0 7.2 7.2 3.0 3.0 7.2 7.2 6 6 6 5.0 5.0 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 7 7 7 5.8 5.8 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 8 8 8 6.7 6.7 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 9 9 9 7.5 7.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 10 10 10 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 12 12 12 10.0 10.0 0.6 0.6 10.6 10.6 0.6 0.6 10.6 10.6 0.6 0.6 10.6 10.6 0.6 0.6 10.6 10.6 14 14 14 11.7 11.7 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 16 16 16 13.3 13.3 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 20 20 20 16.7 16.7 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 24 24 24 20.0 20.0 0.2 0.2 20.2 20.2 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 28 28 28 23.3 23.3 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 32 32 32 26.7 26.7 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover 10-in. Pipe 10-in. Pipe 12-in. Pipe 12-in. Pipe 14-in. Pipe 14-in. Pipe 16-in. Pipe 16-in. Pipe ft ft ft P P e P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1 9.7 9.7 11.8 11.8 9.6 9.6 11.7 11.7 8.7 8.7 10.8 10.8 8.2 8.2 10.3 10.3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 7.2 7.2 9.7 9.7 7.2 7.2 9.7 9.7 6.6 6.6 9.1 9.1 6.2 6.2 8.7 8.7 4 4 4 3.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 7.7 7.7 4.4 4.4 7.7 7.7 4.4 4.4 7.7 7.7 4.1 4.1 7.4 7.4 5 5 5 4.2 4.2 2.9 2.9 7.1 7.1 2.9 2.9 7.1 7.1 2.9 2.9 7.1 7.1 2.8 2.8 7.0 7.0 6 6 6 5.0 5.0 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 2.1 2.1 7.1 7.1 2.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7 7 7 5.8 5.8 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 1.6 1.6 7.4 7.4 1.5 1.5 7.3 7.3 8 8 8 6.7 6.7 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 9 9 9 7.5 7.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 10 10 10 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 12 12 12 10.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 14 14 14 11.7 11.7 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 16 16 16 13.3 13.3 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 20 20 20 16.7 16.7 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 24 24 24 20.0 20.0 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 28 28 28 23.3 23.3 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 32 32 32 26.7 26.7 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 (continued) (continued) |
| 23 | Table 1 Earth loads P, truck loads P, and trench loads P—psi (Continued) Table 1 Earth loads P, truck loads P, and trench loads P—psi (Continued) e t v Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover 18-in. Pipe 18-in. Pipe 20-in. Pipe 20-in. Pipe 24-in. Pipe 24-in. Pipe 30-in. Pipe 30-in. Pipe 36-in. Pipe 36-in. Pipe ft ft ft P P e P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1 7.8 7.8 9.9 9.9 7.5 7.5 9.6 9.6 7.1 7.1 9.2 9.2 6.7 6.7 8.8 8.8 6.2 6.2 8.3 8.3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 5.9 5.9 8.4 8.4 5.7 5.7 8.2 8.2 5.4 5.4 7.9 7.9 5.2 5.2 7.7 7.7 4.9 4.9 7.4 7.4 4 4 4 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.9 7.2 7.2 3.9 3.9 7.2 7.2 3.6 3.6 6.9 6.9 3.5 3.5 6.8 6.8 3.4 3.4 6.7 6.7 5 5 5 4.2 4.2 2.6 2.6 6.8 6.8 2.6 2.6 6.8 6.8 2.4 2.4 6.6 6.6 2.4 2.4 6.6 6.6 2.3 2.3 6.5 6.5 6 6 6 5.0 5.0 1.9 1.9 6.9 6.9 1.9 1.9 6.9 6.9 1.7 1.7 6.7 6.7 1.7 1.7 6.7 6.7 1.7 1.7 6.7 6.7 7 7 7 5.8 5.8 1.4 1.4 7.2 7.2 1.4 1.4 7.2 7.2 1.3 1.3 7.1 7.1 1.3 1.3 7.1 7.1 1.3 1.3 7.1 7.1 8 8 8 6.7 6.7 1.2 1.2 7.9 7.9 1.1 1.1 7.8 7.8 1.1 1.1 7.8 7.8 1.1 1.1 7.8 7.8 1.1 1.1 7.8 7.8 9 9 9 7.5 7.5 1.0 1.0 8.5 8.5 0.9 0.9 8.4 8.4 0.9 0.9 8.4 8.4 0.9 0.9 8.4 8.4 0.8 0.8 8.3 8.3 10 10 10 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 9.1 9.1 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 12 12 12 10.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 14 14 14 11.7 11.7 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 16 16 16 13.3 13.3 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 20 20 20 16.7 16.7 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 24 24 24 20.0 20.0 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 28 28 28 23.3 23.3 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 32 32 32 26.7 26.7 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 Depth of Cover Depth of Cover Depth of Cover 42-in. Pipe 42-in. Pipe 48-in. Pipe 48-in. Pipe 54-in. Pipe 54-in. Pipe 60-in. Pipe 60-in. Pipe 64-in. Pipe 64-in. Pipe ft ft ft P P e P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v P P t P P v 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1 5.8 5.8 7.9 7.9 5.4 5.4 7.5 7.5 5.0 5.0 7.1 7.1 4.8 4.8 6.9 6.9 4.5 4.5 6.6 6.6 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 4.6 4.6 7.1 7.1 4.4 4.4 6.9 6.9 4.1 4.1 6.6 6.6 3.9 3.9 6.4 6.4 3.8 3.8 6.3 6.3 4 4 4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 6.6 6.6 3.1 3.1 6.4 6.4 3.0 3.0 6.3 6.3 2.9 2.9 6.2 6.2 2.8 2.8 6.1 6.1 5 5 5 4.2 4.2 2.3 2.3 6.5 6.5 2.2 2.2 6.4 6.4 2.1 2.1 6.3 6.3 2.1 2.1 6.3 6.3 2.1 2.1 6.3 6.3 6 6 6 5.0 5.0 1.7 1.7 6.7 6.7 1.6 1.6 6.6 6.6 1.6 1.6 6.6 6.6 1.6 1.6 6.6 6.6 1.5 1.5 6.5 6.5 7 7 7 5.8 5.8 1.3 1.3 7.1 7.1 1.2 1.2 7.0 7.0 1.2 1.2 7.0 7.0 1.2 1.2 7.0 7.0 1.2 1.2 7.0 7.0 8 8 8 6.7 6.7 1.0 1.0 7.7 7.7 1.0 1.0 7.7 7.7 1.0 1.0 7.7 7.7 1.0 1.0 7.7 7.7 1.0 1.0 7.7 7.7 9 9 9 7.5 7.5 0.8 0.8 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 8.3 8.3 0.8 0.8 8.3 8.3 10 10 10 8.3 8.3 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 0.7 0.7 9.0 9.0 12 12 12 10.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 10.5 14 14 14 11.7 11.7 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 0.4 0.4 12.1 12.1 16 16 16 13.3 13.3 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 0.3 0.3 13.6 13.6 20 20 20 16.7 16.7 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 0.2 0.2 16.9 16.9 24 24 24 20.0 20.0 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 0.1 0.1 20.1 20.1 28 28 28 23.3 23.3 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 0.1 0.1 23.4 23.4 32 32 32 26.7 26.7 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 0.1 0.1 26.8 26.8 Note: To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4; to convert feet (ft) to meters (m), multiply by 0.3048; to convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895. |
| 24 | Table 2 Design values for standard laying conditions Table 2 Design values for standard laying conditions Laying Laying Laying Laying Laying Laying Condition* Description Description E´ E´ psi Bedding Angle Bedding Angle Degree K K b K K x Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 † Flat-bottom trench. Loose backfill. Flat-bottom trench. Loose backfill. ‡ 150 150 30 30 0.235 0.235 0.108 0.108 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Flat-bottom trench. Backfill lightly consolidated to centerline of pipe. Flat-bottom trench. Backfill lightly consolidated to centerline of pipe. 300 300 45 45 0.210 0.210 0.105 0.105 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Pipe bedded in 4-in.-minimum loose soil.Backfill lightly consolidated to top of pipe. Pipe bedded in 4-in.-minimum loose soil.Backfill lightly consolidated to top of pipe. § 400 400 60 60 0.189 0.189 0.103 0.103 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Pipe bedded in sand, gravel, or crushed stone to depth of 1/8 pipe diameter. 4-in. minimum. Backfill compacted to top of pipe. (Approximately 80% Standard Proctor, AASHTO T-99) Pipe bedded in sand, gravel, or crushed stone to depth of 1/8 pipe diameter. 4-in. minimum. Backfill compacted to top of pipe. (Approximately 80% Standard Proctor, AASHTO T-99) ¶ 500 500 90 90 0.157 0.157 0.096 0.096 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Pipe bedded to its centerline in compacted granular material, 4-in. minimum under pipe. Compacted granular** or select material to top of pipe. (Approximately 90% Standard Proctor, AASHTO T-99) Pipe bedded to its centerline in compacted granular material, 4-in. minimum under pipe. Compacted granular** or select material to top of pipe. (Approximately 90% Standard Proctor, AASHTO T-99) § ¶ |
| 25 | Type 1Type 2Type 3Type 4Type 5 Figure 1 Standard pipe laying conditions (see Table 2) Figure 1 Standard pipe laying conditions (see Table 2) Table 4 Reduction factors R for truck load calculations Table 4 Reduction factors R for truck load calculations Size Size Size Size Size Size in. Depth of Cover—ft Depth of Cover—ft <4 <4 <4 4–7 4–7 >7–10 >7–10 >10 >10 Reduction Factor Reduction Factor Reduction Factor 3–12 3–12 3–12 3–12 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 14 14 14 0.92 0.92 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 16 16 16 0.88 0.88 0.95 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 18 18 18 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 20 20 20 0.83 0.83 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 1.00 1.00 24–30 24–30 24–30 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.85 0.95 0.95 1.00 1.00 36–64 36–64 36–64 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 |
| 26 | Table 5 Nominal thicknesses for standard pressure classes of ductile-iron pipe Table 5 Nominal thicknesses for standard pressure classes of ductile-iron pipe Size Size Size Size Size Size in. Outside Diameter Outside Diameter in. Pressure Class Pressure Class 150 150 150 200 200 250 250 300 300 350 350 Nominal Thickness—in. Nominal Thickness—in. Nominal Thickness—in. 3 3 3 3 3.96 3.96 — — — — — — — — 0.25* 0.25* 4 4 4 4.80 4.80 — — — — — — — — 0.25* 0.25* 6 6 6 6.90 6.90 — — — — — — — — 0.25* 0.25* 8 8 8 9.05 9.05 — — — — — — — — 0.25* 0.25* 10 10 10 11.10 11.10 — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 12 12 12 13.20 13.20 — — — — — — — — 0.28 0.28 14 14 14 15.30 15.30 — — — — 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 16 16 16 17.40 17.40 — — — — 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.34 0.34 18 18 18 19.50 19.50 — — — — 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.36 20 20 20 21.60 21.60 — — — — 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 24 24 24 25.80 25.80 — — 0.33 0.33 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.43 30 30 30 32.00 32.00 0.34 0.34 0.38 0.38 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.49 0.49 36 36 36 38.30 38.30 0.38 0.38 0.42 0.42 0.47 0.47 0.51 0.51 0.56 0.56 42 42 42 44.50 44.50 0.41 0.41 0.47 0.47 0.52 0.52 0.57 0.57 0.63 0.63 48 48 48 50.80 50.80 0.46 0.46 0.52 0.52 0.58 0.58 0.64 0.64 0.70 0.70 54 54 54 57.56 57.56 0.51 0.51 0.58 0.58 0.65 0.65 0.72 0.72 0.79 0.79 60 60 60 61.61 61.61 0.54 0.54 0.61 0.61 0.68 0.68 0.76 0.76 0.83 0.83 64 64 64 65.67 65.67 0.56 0.56 0.64 0.64 0.72 0.72 0.80 0.80 0.87 0.87 *Calculated thicknesses for these sizes and pressure ratings are less than those shown above. (See Table 13 for actual calculated thicknesses.) Presently, these are the lowest nominal thicknesses available in these sizes. Pressure classes are defined as the rated water working pressure of the pipe in pounds per square inch (psi). The thicknesses shown are adequate for the rated water working pressure plus a surge allowance of 100 psi (689 kPa). Calculations are based on a minimum yield strength in tension of 42,000 psi (289,590 kPa) and 2.0 safety factor times the sum of working pressure and 100-psi (689-kPa) surge allowance. |
| 27 | Table 6 Surface-load factors for single truck on unpaved road Table 6 Surface-load factors for single truck on unpaved road Depth Depth Depth Depth Depth Depth of Cover ft Pipe Size—in. Pipe Size—in. 3 3 3 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 Surface Load Factor—C Surface Load Factor—C Surface Load Factor—C 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.0589 0.0589 0.0713 0.0713 0.1020 0.1020 0.1328 0.1328 0.1615 0.1615 0.1901 0.1901 0.2178 0.2178 0.2443 0.2443 0.2698 0.2698 3 3 3 0.0437 0.0437 0.0530 0.0530 0.0759 0.0759 0.0990 0.0990 0.1207 0.1207 0.1424 0.1424 0.1637 0.1637 0.1843 0.1843 0.2044 0.2044 4 4 4 0.0265 0.0265 0.0321 0.0321 0.0460 0.0460 0.0602 0.0602 0.0736 0.0736 0.0871 0.0871 0.1005 0.1005 0.1136 0.1136 0.1265 0.1265 5 5 5 0.0176 0.0176 0.0213 0.0213 0.0306 0.0306 0.0401 0.0401 0.0490 0.0490 0.0581 0.0581 0.0672 0.0672 0.0761 0.0761 0.0849 0.0849 6 6 6 0.0125 0.0125 0.0151 0.0151 0.0217 0.0217 0.0284 0.0284 0.0348 0.0348 0.0413 0.0413 0.0478 0.0478 0.0542 0.0542 0.0606 0.0606 7 7 7 0.0093 0.0093 0.0113 0.0113 0.0162 0.0162 0.0212 0.0212 0.0260 0.0260 0.0308 0.0308 0.0357 0.0357 0.0405 0.0405 0.0453 0.0453 8 8 8 0.0072 0.0072 0.0087 0.0087 0.0125 0.0125 0.0164 0.0164 0.0201 0.0201 0.0238 0.0238 0.0276 0.0276 0.0313 0.0313 0.0350 0.0350 9 9 9 0.0057 0.0057 0.0069 0.0069 0.0099 0.0099 0.0130 0.0130 0.0160 0.0160 0.0190 0.0190 0.0219 0.0219 0.0249 0.0249 0.0279 0.0279 10 10 10 0.0046 0.0046 0.0056 0.0056 0.0081 0.0081 0.0106 0.0106 0.0130 0.0130 0.0154 0.0154 0.0179 0.0179 0.0203 0.0203 0.0227 0.0227 12 12 12 0.0032 0.0032 0.0039 0.0039 0.0056 0.0056 0.0074 0.0074 0.0091 0.0091 0.0108 0.0108 0.0125 0.0125 0.0142 0.0142 0.0159 0.0159 14 14 14 0.0024 0.0024 0.0029 0.0029 0.0042 0.0042 0.0055 0.0055 0.0067 0.0067 0.0080 0.0080 0.0092 0.0092 0.0105 0.0105 0.0117 0.0117 16 16 16 0.0018 0.0018 0.0022 0.0022 0.0032 0.0032 0.0042 0.0042 0.0051 0.0051 0.0061 0.0061 0.0071 0.0071 0.0080 0.0080 0.0090 0.0090 20 20 20 0.0012 0.0012 0.0014 0.0014 0.0020 0.0020 0.0027 0.0027 0.0033 0.0033 0.0039 0.0039 0.0045 0.0045 0.0052 0.0052 0.0058 0.0058 24 24 24 0.0008 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 0.0014 0.0014 0.0019 0.0019 0.0023 0.0023 0.0027 0.0027 0.0032 0.0032 0.0036 0.0036 0.0040 0.0040 28 28 28 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0010 0.0010 0.0014 0.0014 0.0017 0.0017 0.0020 0.0020 0.0023 0.0023 0.0026 0.0026 0.0030 0.0030 32 32 32 0.0005 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0011 0.0011 0.0013 0.0013 0.0015 0.0015 0.0018 0.0018 0.0020 0.0020 0.0023 0.0023 Depth Depth Depth of Cover ft Pipe Size—in. Pipe Size—in. 20 20 20 24 24 30 30 36 36 42 42 48 48 54 54 60 60 64 64 Surface Load Factor—C Surface Load Factor—C Surface Load Factor—C 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.2941 0.2941 0.3390 0.3390 0.3962 0.3962 0.4437 0.4437 0.4813 0.4813 0.5115 0.5115 0.5366 0.5366 0.5488 0.5488 0.5592 0.5592 3 3 3 0.2237 0.2237 0.2602 0.2602 0.3085 0.3085 0.3507 0.3507 0.3857 0.3857 0.4153 0.4153 0.4412 0.4412 0.4543 0.4543 0.4657 0.4657 4 4 4 0.1391 0.1391 0.1635 0.1635 0.1972 0.1972 0.2284 0.2284 0.2559 0.2559 0.2808 0.2808 0.3040 0.3040 0.3164 0.3164 0.3277 0.3277 5 5 5 0.0936 0.0936 0.1106 0.1106 0.1347 0.1347 0.1576 0.1576 0.1786 0.1786 0.1982 0.1982 0.2173 0.2173 0.2278 0.2278 0.2377 0.2377 6 6 6 0.0669 0.0669 0.0793 0.0793 0.0970 0.0970 0.1143 0.1143 0.1304 0.1304 0.1458 0.1458 0.1612 0.1612 0.1698 0.1698 0.1781 0.1781 7 7 7 0.0500 0.0500 0.0594 0.0594 0.0730 0.0730 0.0863 0.0863 0.0988 0.0988 0.1111 0.1111 0.1235 0.1235 0.1306 0.1306 0.1374 0.1374 8 8 8 0.0387 0.0387 0.0461 0.0461 0.0567 0.0567 0.0672 0.0672 0.0773 0.0773 0.0871 0.0871 0.0973 0.0973 0.1031 0.1031 0.1088 0.1088 9 9 9 0.0309 0.0309 0.0367 0.0367 0.0453 0.0453 0.0538 0.0538 0.0620 0.0620 0.0700 0.0700 0.0784 0.0784 0.0833 0.0833 0.0880 0.0880 10 10 10 0.0251 0.0251 0.0299 0.0299 0.0370 0.0370 0.0440 0.0440 0.0507 0.0507 0.0574 0.0574 0.0644 0.0644 0.0685 0.0685 0.0725 0.0725 12 12 12 0.0176 0.0176 0.0210 0.0210 0.0259 0.0259 0.0309 0.0309 0.0357 0.0357 0.0405 0.0405 0.0456 0.0456 0.0486 0.0486 0.0515 0.0515 14 14 14 0.0130 0.0130 0.0155 0.0155 0.0192 0.0192 0.0229 0.0229 0.0265 0.0265 0.0301 0.0301 0.0339 0.0339 0.0362 0.0362 0.0384 0.0384 16 16 16 0.0100 0.0100 0.0119 0.0119 0.0147 0.0147 0.0176 0.0176 0.0204 0.0204 0.0232 0.0232 0.0262 0.0262 0.0279 0.0279 0.0297 0.0297 20 20 20 0.0064 0.0064 0.0076 0.0076 0.0095 0.0095 0.0113 0.0113 0.0131 0.0131 0.0149 0.0149 0.0169 0.0169 0.0181 0.0181 0.0192 0.0192 24 24 24 0.0045 0.0045 0.0053 0.0053 0.0066 0.0066 0.0079 0.0079 0.0091 0.0091 0.0104 0.0104 0.0118 0.0118 0.0126 0.0126 0.0134 0.0134 28 28 28 0.0033 0.0033 0.0039 0.0039 0.0049 0.0049 0.0058 0.0058 0.0067 0.0067 0.0077 0.0077 0.0087 0.0087 0.0093 0.0093 0.0099 0.0099 32 32 32 0.0025 0.0025 0.0030 0.0030 0.0037 0.0037 0.0044 0.0044 0.0052 0.0052 0.0059 0.0059 0.0067 0.0067 0.0071 0.0071 0.0076 0.0076 Note: To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4; to convert feet (ft) to meters (m), multiply by 0.3048. |
| 28 | Table 7 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 1* Table 7 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 1* Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 4.40 4.40 4.40 4.40 3.46 3.46 170 170 5.40 5.40 4.03 4.03 145 145 4.43 4.43 4.43 3.48 3.48 169 169 5.45 5.45 4.06 4.06 144 144 4.46 4.46 4.46 3.50 3.50 168 168 5.49 5.49 4.09 4.09 143 143 4.50 4.50 4.50 3.51 3.51 167 167 5.54 5.54 4.13 4.13 142 142 4.54 4.54 4.54 3.53 3.53 166 166 5.59 5.59 4.16 4.16 141 141 4.57 4.57 4.57 3.55 3.55 165 165 5.65 5.65 4.20 4.20 140 140 4.61 4.61 4.61 3.57 3.57 164 164 5.70 5.70 4.23 4.23 139 139 4.64 4.64 4.64 3.59 3.59 163 163 5.75 5.75 4.27 4.27 138 138 4.68 4.68 4.68 3.61 3.61 162 162 5.80 5.80 4.31 4.31 137 137 4.72 4.72 4.72 3.63 3.63 161 161 5.86 5.86 4.35 4.35 136 136 4.76 4.76 4.76 3.65 3.65 160 160 5.91 5.91 4.39 4.39 135 135 4.80 4.80 4.80 3.67 3.67 159 159 5.97 5.97 4.43 4.43 134 134 4.84 4.84 4.84 3.69 3.69 158 158 6.03 6.03 4.47 4.47 133 133 4.88 4.88 4.88 3.71 3.71 157 157 6.09 6.09 4.52 4.52 132 132 4.92 4.92 4.92 3.74 3.74 156 156 6.15 6.15 4.56 4.56 131 131 4.96 4.96 4.96 3.76 3.76 155 155 6.21 6.21 4.61 4.61 130 130 5.00 5.00 5.00 3.78 3.78 154 154 6.27 6.27 4.66 4.66 129 129 5.04 5.04 5.04 3.81 3.81 153 153 6.33 6.33 4.71 4.71 128 128 5.08 5.08 5.08 3.83 3.83 152 152 6.40 6.40 4.76 4.76 127 127 5.13 5.13 5.13 3.86 3.86 151 151 6.46 6.46 4.82 4.82 126 126 5.17 5.17 5.17 3.89 3.89 150 150 6.53 6.53 4.87 4.87 125 125 5.21 5.21 5.21 3.91 3.91 149 149 6.60 6.60 4.93 4.93 124 124 5.26 5.26 5.26 3.94 3.94 148 148 6.67 6.67 4.99 4.99 123 123 5.30 5.30 5.30 3.97 3.97 147 147 6.74 6.74 5.05 5.05 122 122 5.35 5.35 5.35 4.00 4.00 146 146 6.82 6.82 5.11 5.11 121 121 6.89 6.89 6.89 5.18 5.18 120 120 9.56 9.56 7.89 7.89 95 95 6.97 6.97 6.97 5.25 5.25 119 119 9.71 9.71 8.07 8.07 94 94 7.05 7.05 7.05 5.32 5.32 118 118 9.87 9.87 8.25 8.25 93 93 7.13 7.13 7.13 5.39 5.39 117 117 10.03 10.03 8.44 8.44 92 92 7.21 7.21 7.21 5.46 5.46 116 116 10.20 10.20 8.64 8.64 91 91 7.29 7.29 7.29 5.54 5.54 115 115 10.37 10.37 8.85 8.85 90 90 7.38 7.38 7.38 5.62 5.62 114 114 10.55 10.55 9.06 9.06 89 89 7.47 7.47 7.47 5.71 5.71 113 113 10.74 10.74 9.29 9.29 88 88 7.56 7.56 7.56 5.79 5.79 112 112 10.93 10.93 9.53 9.53 87 87 7.65 7.65 7.65 5.88 5.88 111 111 11.13 11.13 9.78 9.78 86 86 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 (continued) (continued) |
| 29 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † 7.75 7.75 7.75 7.75 5.97 5.97 110 110 11.34 11.34 10.04 10.04 85 85 7.85 7.85 7.85 6.07 6.07 109 109 11.55 11.55 10.31 10.31 84 84 7.95 7.95 7.95 6.17 6.17 108 108 11.78 11.78 10.60 10.60 83 83 8.05 8.05 8.05 6.27 6.27 107 107 12.01 12.01 10.90 10.90 82 82 8.16 8.16 8.16 6.38 6.38 106 106 12.25 12.25 11.22 11.22 81 81 8.27 8.27 8.27 6.49 6.49 105 105 12.50 12.50 11.56 11.56 80 80 8.38 8.38 8.38 6.61 6.61 104 104 12.76 12.76 11.91 11.91 79 79 8.49 8.49 8.49 6.73 6.73 103 103 13.03 13.03 12.28 12.28 78 78 8.61 8.61 8.61 6.86 6.86 102 102 13.31 13.31 12.67 12.67 77 77 8.74 8.74 8.74 6.99 6.99 101 101 13.60 13.60 13.08 13.08 76 76 8.86 8.86 8.86 7.12 7.12 100 100 13.91 13.91 13.51 13.51 75 75 8.99 8.99 8.99 7.26 7.26 99 99 14.23 14.23 13.97 13.97 74 74 9.13 9.13 9.13 7.41 7.41 98 98 14.56 14.56 14.45 14.45 73 73 9.27 9.27 9.27 7.57 7.57 97 97 14.91 14.91 14.96 14.96 72 72 9.41 9.41 9.41 7.73 7.73 96 96 15.27 15.27 15.50 15.50 71 71 15.65 15.65 15.65 16.07 16.07 70 70 28.94 28.94 40.32 40.32 50 50 16.05 16.05 16.05 16.68 16.68 69 69 30.07 30.07 42.73 42.73 49 49 16.46 16.46 16.46 17.32 17.32 68 68 31.28 31.28 45.35 45.35 48 48 16.89 16.89 16.89 18.00 18.00 67 67 32.57 32.57 48.20 48.20 47 47 17.35 17.35 17.35 18.73 18.73 66 66 33.95 33.95 51.31 51.31 46 46 17.83 17.83 17.83 19.50 19.50 65 65 35.42 35.42 54.72 54.72 45 45 18.33 18.33 18.33 20.32 20.32 64 64 37.00 37.00 58.44 58.44 44 44 18.85 18.85 18.85 21.19 21.19 63 63 38.69 38.69 62.53 62.53 43 43 19.40 19.40 19.40 22.12 22.12 62 62 40.50 40.50 67.03 67.03 42 42 19.98 19.98 19.98 23.12 23.12 61 61 42.46 42.46 71.99 71.99 41 41 20.59 20.59 20.59 24.18 24.18 60 60 44.56 44.56 77.47 77.47 40 40 21.23 21.23 21.23 25.32 25.32 59 59 46.84 46.84 83.54 83.54 39 39 21.91 21.91 21.91 26.54 26.54 58 58 49.30 49.30 90.28 90.28 38 38 22.63 22.63 22.63 27.85 27.85 57 57 51.96 51.96 97.80 97.80 37 37 23.38 23.38 23.38 29.26 29.26 56 56 54.86 54.86 106.20 106.20 36 36 24.18 24.18 24.18 30.77 30.77 55 55 58.02 58.02 115.62 115.62 35 35 25.02 25.02 25.02 32.39 32.39 54 54 61.46 61.46 126.21 126.21 34 34 25.92 25.92 25.92 34.15 34.15 53 53 65.23 65.23 138.18 138.18 33 33 26.86 26.86 26.86 36.05 36.05 52 52 69.36 69.36 151.73 151.73 32 32 27.87 27.87 27.87 38.10 38.10 51 51 73.92 73.92 167.15 167.15 31 31 * E´ = 150 psi; K = 0.235; K = 0.108. b x When the calculated P is between two tabulated values, the smaller should be used. † v DtorDt1 Note: To convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895. Table 7 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 1* (Continued) Table 7 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 1* (Continued) |
| 30 | Table 8 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 2* Table 8 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 2* Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.18 6.18 170 170 7.74 7.74 6.76 6.76 145 145 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.19 6.19 169 169 7.80 7.80 6.79 6.79 144 144 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.21 6.21 168 168 7.87 7.87 6.83 6.83 143 143 6.44 6.44 6.44 6.23 6.23 167 167 7.94 7.94 6.86 6.86 142 142 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.25 6.25 166 166 8.01 8.01 6.89 6.89 141 141 6.55 6.55 6.55 6.26 6.26 165 165 8.08 8.08 6.93 6.93 140 140 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.28 6.28 164 164 8.15 8.15 6.97 6.97 139 139 6.66 6.66 6.66 6.30 6.30 163 163 8.22 8.22 7.01 7.01 138 138 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.32 6.32 162 162 8.29 8.29 7.05 7.05 137 137 6.77 6.77 6.77 6.34 6.34 161 161 8.37 8.37 7.09 7.09 136 136 6.82 6.82 6.82 6.37 6.37 160 160 8.44 8.44 7.13 7.13 135 135 6.88 6.88 6.88 6.39 6.39 159 159 8.52 8.52 7.17 7.17 134 134 6.94 6.94 6.94 6.41 6.41 158 158 8.59 8.59 7.22 7.22 133 133 6.99 6.99 6.99 6.43 6.43 157 157 8.67 8.67 7.26 7.26 132 132 7.05 7.05 7.05 6.46 6.46 156 156 8.75 8.75 7.31 7.31 131 131 7.11 7.11 7.11 6.48 6.48 155 155 8.83 8.83 7.36 7.36 130 130 7.17 7.17 7.17 6.50 6.50 154 154 8.91 8.91 7.41 7.41 129 129 7.23 7.23 7.23 6.53 6.53 153 153 8.99 8.99 7.46 7.46 128 128 7.29 7.29 7.29 6.56 6.56 152 152 9.07 9.07 7.51 7.51 127 127 7.35 7.35 7.35 6.58 6.58 151 151 9.16 9.16 7.57 7.57 126 126 7.42 7.42 7.42 6.61 6.61 150 150 9.25 9.25 7.63 7.63 125 125 7.48 7.48 7.48 6.64 6.64 149 149 9.33 9.33 7.69 7.69 124 124 7.54 7.54 7.54 6.67 6.67 148 148 9.42 9.42 7.75 7.75 123 123 7.61 7.61 7.61 6.70 6.70 147 147 9.51 9.51 7.81 7.81 122 122 7.67 7.67 7.67 6.73 6.73 146 146 9.60 9.60 7.87 7.87 121 121 9.70 9.70 9.70 7.94 7.94 120 120 12.79 12.79 10.73 10.73 95 95 9.79 9.79 9.79 8.01 8.01 119 119 12.96 12.96 10.91 10.91 94 94 9.89 9.89 9.89 8.08 8.08 118 118 13.13 13.13 11.10 11.10 93 93 9.99 9.99 9.99 8.16 8.16 117 117 13.31 13.31 11.29 11.29 92 92 10.09 10.09 10.09 8.23 8.23 116 116 13.49 13.49 11.50 11.50 91 91 10.19 10.19 10.19 8.31 8.31 115 115 13.68 13.68 11.71 11.71 90 90 10.29 10.29 10.29 8.40 8.40 114 114 13.88 13.88 11.94 11.94 89 89 10.40 10.40 10.40 8.48 8.48 113 113 14.08 14.08 12.17 12.17 88 88 10.51 10.51 10.51 8.57 8.57 112 112 14.30 14.30 12.42 12.42 87 87 10.62 10.62 10.62 8.66 8.66 111 111 14.51 14.51 12.67 12.67 86 86 10.73 10.73 10.73 8.76 8.76 110 110 14.74 14.74 12.94 12.94 85 85 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 (continued) (continued) |
| 31 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 8.86 8.86 109 109 14.97 14.97 13.22 13.22 84 84 10.96 10.96 10.96 8.96 8.96 108 108 15.21 15.21 13.52 13.52 83 83 11.08 11.08 11.08 9.07 9.07 107 107 15.46 15.46 13.83 13.83 82 82 11.21 11.21 11.21 9.18 9.18 106 106 15.72 15.72 14.16 14.16 81 81 11.33 11.33 11.33 9.29 9.29 105 105 15.99 15.99 14.50 14.50 80 80 11.46 11.46 11.46 9.41 9.41 104 104 16.28 16.28 14.86 14.86 79 79 11.59 11.59 11.59 9.54 9.54 103 103 16.57 16.57 15.24 15.24 78 78 11.73 11.73 11.73 9.67 9.67 102 102 16.87 16.87 15.64 15.64 77 77 11.87 11.87 11.87 9.80 9.80 101 101 17.19 17.19 16.06 16.06 76 76 12.01 12.01 12.01 9.94 9.94 100 100 17.52 17.52 16.51 16.51 75 75 12.16 12.16 12.16 10.09 10.09 99 99 17.86 17.86 16.98 16.98 74 74 12.31 12.31 12.31 10.24 10.24 98 98 18.22 18.22 17.48 17.48 73 73 12.46 12.46 12.46 10.40 10.40 97 97 18.59 18.59 18.00 18.00 72 72 12.62 12.62 12.62 10.56 10.56 96 96 18.98 18.98 18.56 18.56 71 71 19.39 19.39 19.39 19.14 19.14 70 70 33.84 33.84 44.09 44.09 50 50 19.82 19.82 19.82 19.77 19.77 69 69 35.08 35.08 46.56 46.56 49 49 20.27 20.27 20.27 20.43 20.43 68 68 36.41 36.41 49.26 49.26 48 48 20.73 20.73 20.73 21.13 21.13 67 67 37.83 37.83 52.19 52.19 47 47 21.23 21.23 21.23 21.87 21.87 66 66 39.34 39.34 55.40 55.40 46 46 21.74 21.74 21.74 22.67 22.67 65 65 40.96 40.96 58.89 58.89 45 45 22.28 22.28 22.28 23.51 23.51 64 64 42.70 42.70 62.73 62.73 44 44 22.85 22.85 22.85 24.41 24.41 63 63 44.57 44.57 66.93 66.93 43 43 23.45 23.45 23.45 25.37 25.37 62 62 46.57 46.57 71.56 71.56 42 42 24.07 24.07 24.07 26.39 26.39 61 61 48.73 48.73 76.66 76.66 41 41 24.74 24.74 24.74 27.49 27.49 60 60 51.06 51.06 82.29 82.29 40 40 25.43 25.43 25.43 28.66 28.66 59 59 53.57 53.57 88.54 88.54 39 39 26.17 26.17 26.17 29.91 29.91 58 58 56.30 56.30 95.48 95.48 38 38 26.95 26.95 26.95 31.26 31.26 57 57 59.25 59.25 103.21 103.21 37 37 27.77 27.77 27.77 32.71 32.71 56 56 62.46 62.46 111.85 111.85 36 36 28.64 28.64 28.64 34.26 34.26 55 55 65.96 65.96 121.54 121.54 35 35 29.56 29.56 29.56 35.93 35.93 54 54 69.79 69.79 132.44 132.44 34 34 30.53 30.53 30.53 37.74 37.74 53 53 73.98 73.98 144.74 144.74 33 33 31.57 31.57 31.57 39.69 39.69 52 52 78.57 78.57 158.68 158.68 32 32 32.67 32.67 32.67 41.80 41.80 51 51 83.64 83.64 174.54 174.54 31 31 * E´ = 300 psi; K = 0.210; K = 0.105. b x When the calculated P is between two tabulated values, the smaller should be used. † v DtorDt1 Note: To convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895. Table 8 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 2* (Continued) Table 8 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 2* (Continued) |
| 32 | Table 9 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 3* Table 9 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 3* Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 7.26 7.26 310 310 4.45 4.45 7.38 7.38 260 260 3.29 3.29 3.29 7.27 7.27 308 308 4.51 4.51 7.38 7.38 258 258 3.33 3.33 3.33 7.27 7.27 306 306 4.57 4.57 7.39 7.39 256 256 3.37 3.37 3.37 7.27 7.27 304 304 4.63 4.63 7.39 7.39 254 254 3.41 3.41 3.41 7.28 7.28 302 302 4.69 4.69 7.40 7.40 252 252 3.45 3.45 3.45 7.28 7.28 300 300 4.76 4.76 7.41 7.41 250 250 3.49 3.49 3.49 7.28 7.28 298 298 4.82 4.82 7.42 7.42 248 248 3.54 3.54 3.54 7.29 7.29 296 296 4.89 4.89 7.42 7.42 246 246 3.58 3.58 3.58 7.29 7.29 294 294 4.96 4.96 7.43 7.43 244 244 3.63 3.63 3.63 7.30 7.30 292 292 5.03 5.03 7.44 7.44 242 242 3.67 3.67 3.67 7.30 7.30 290 290 5.10 5.10 7.45 7.45 240 240 3.72 3.72 3.72 7.30 7.30 288 288 5.17 5.17 7.46 7.46 238 238 3.76 3.76 3.76 7.31 7.31 286 286 5.24 5.24 7.47 7.47 236 236 3.81 3.81 3.81 7.31 7.31 284 284 5.31 5.31 7.48 7.48 234 234 3.86 3.86 3.86 7.32 7.32 282 282 5.39 5.39 7.48 7.48 232 232 3.91 3.91 3.91 7.32 7.32 280 280 5.47 5.47 7.49 7.49 230 230 3.96 3.96 3.96 7.33 7.33 278 278 5.54 5.54 7.51 7.51 228 228 4.01 4.01 4.01 7.33 7.33 276 276 5.62 5.62 7.52 7.52 226 226 4.06 4.06 4.06 7.34 7.34 274 274 5.70 5.70 7.53 7.53 224 224 4.11 4.11 4.11 7.34 7.34 272 272 5.79 5.79 7.54 7.54 222 222 4.17 4.17 4.17 7.35 7.35 270 270 5.87 5.87 7.55 7.55 220 220 4.22 4.22 4.22 7.35 7.35 268 268 5.96 5.96 7.56 7.56 218 218 4.28 4.28 4.28 7.36 7.36 266 266 6.04 6.04 7.58 7.58 216 216 4.33 4.33 4.33 7.36 7.36 264 264 6.13 6.13 7.59 7.59 214 214 4.39 4.39 4.39 7.37 7.37 262 262 6.22 6.22 7.60 7.60 212 212 6.32 6.32 6.32 7.62 7.62 210 210 8.89 8.89 8.16 8.16 165 165 6.41 6.41 6.41 7.63 7.63 208 208 8.96 8.96 8.18 8.18 164 164 6.51 6.51 6.51 7.65 7.65 206 206 9.03 9.03 8.20 8.20 163 163 6.60 6.60 6.60 7.66 7.66 204 204 9.10 9.10 8.22 8.22 162 162 6.70 6.70 6.70 7.68 7.68 202 202 9.17 9.17 8.24 8.24 161 161 6.80 6.80 6.80 7.70 7.70 200 200 9.25 9.25 8.27 8.27 160 160 6.91 6.91 6.91 7.72 7.72 198 198 9.32 9.32 8.29 8.29 159 159 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.74 7.74 196 196 9.39 9.39 8.31 8.31 158 158 7.12 7.12 7.12 7.76 7.76 194 194 9.47 9.47 8.33 8.33 157 157 7.22 7.22 7.22 7.78 7.78 192 192 9.54 9.54 8.36 8.36 156 156 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 (continued) (continued) |
| 33 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 7.33 7.33 7.33 7.33 7.80 7.80 190 190 9.62 9.62 8.38 8.38 155 155 7.45 7.45 7.45 7.82 7.82 188 188 9.69 9.69 8.41 8.41 154 154 7.56 7.56 7.56 7.84 7.84 186 186 9.77 9.77 8.43 8.43 153 153 7.68 7.68 7.68 7.87 7.87 184 184 9.85 9.85 8.46 8.46 152 152 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.89 7.89 182 182 9.92 9.92 8.49 8.49 151 151 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 180 180 10.00 10.00 8.52 8.52 150 150 8.04 8.04 8.04 7.95 7.95 178 178 10.08 10.08 8.54 8.54 149 149 8.16 8.16 8.16 7.98 7.98 176 176 10.16 10.16 8.57 8.57 148 148 8.29 8.29 8.29 8.01 8.01 174 174 10.24 10.24 8.60 8.60 147 147 8.42 8.42 8.42 8.04 8.04 172 172 10.33 10.33 8.64 8.64 146 146 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.07 8.07 170 170 10.41 10.41 8.67 8.67 145 145 8.62 8.62 8.62 8.09 8.09 169 169 10.49 10.49 8.70 8.70 144 144 8.69 8.69 8.69 8.11 8.11 168 168 10.58 10.58 8.73 8.73 143 143 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.13 8.13 167 167 10.66 10.66 8.77 8.77 142 142 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.14 8.14 166 166 10.75 10.75 8.81 8.81 141 141 10.83 10.83 10.83 8.84 8.84 140 140 13.34 13.34 10.25 10.25 115 115 10.92 10.92 10.92 8.88 8.88 139 139 13.46 13.46 10.34 10.34 114 114 11.01 11.01 11.01 8.92 8.92 138 138 13.58 13.58 10.42 10.42 113 113 11.10 11.10 11.10 8.96 8.96 137 137 13.71 13.71 10.51 10.51 112 112 11.19 11.19 11.19 9.00 9.00 136 136 13.83 13.83 10.61 10.61 111 111 11.28 11.28 11.28 9.04 9.04 135 135 13.96 13.96 10.71 10.71 110 110 11.37 11.37 11.37 9.09 9.09 134 134 14.09 14.09 10.81 10.81 109 109 11.46 11.46 11.46 9.13 9.13 133 133 14.22 14.22 10.91 10.91 108 108 11.56 11.56 11.56 9.18 9.18 132 132 14.36 14.36 11.02 11.02 107 107 11.65 11.65 11.65 9.23 9.23 131 131 14.50 14.50 11.13 11.13 106 106 11.75 11.75 11.75 9.28 9.28 130 130 14.64 14.64 11.25 11.25 105 105 11.84 11.84 11.84 9.33 9.33 129 129 14.78 14.78 11.37 11.37 104 104 11.94 11.94 11.94 9.38 9.38 128 128 14.93 14.93 11.50 11.50 103 103 12.04 12.04 12.04 9.44 9.44 127 127 15.08 15.08 11.63 11.63 102 102 12.14 12.14 12.14 9.49 9.49 126 126 15.23 15.23 11.77 11.77 101 101 12.25 12.25 12.25 9.55 9.55 125 125 15.39 15.39 11.91 11.91 100 100 12.35 12.35 12.35 9.61 9.61 124 124 15.55 15.55 12.06 12.06 99 99 12.45 12.45 12.45 9.67 9.67 123 123 15.71 15.71 12.21 12.21 98 98 12.56 12.56 12.56 9.74 9.74 122 122 15.88 15.88 12.37 12.37 97 97 12.67 12.67 12.67 9.80 9.80 121 121 16.06 16.06 12.54 12.54 96 96 12.78 12.78 12.78 9.87 9.87 120 120 16.23 16.23 12.72 12.72 95 95 Table 9 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 3* (Continued) Table 9 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 3* (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 34 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † 12.89 12.89 12.89 12.89 9.94 9.94 119 119 16.42 16.42 12.90 12.90 94 94 13.00 13.00 13.00 10.02 10.02 118 118 16.61 16.61 13.09 13.09 93 93 13.11 13.11 13.11 10.09 10.09 117 117 16.80 16.80 13.29 13.29 92 92 13.23 13.23 13.23 10.17 10.17 116 116 17.00 17.00 13.50 13.50 91 91 17.21 17.21 17.21 13.72 13.72 90 90 29.08 29.08 29.80 29.80 60 60 17.42 17.42 17.42 13.95 13.95 89 89 29.83 29.83 30.99 30.99 59 59 17.64 17.64 17.64 14.18 14.18 88 88 30.63 30.63 32.27 32.27 58 58 17.86 17.86 17.86 14.43 14.43 87 87 31.47 31.47 33.64 33.64 57 57 18.10 18.10 18.10 14.70 14.70 86 86 32.36 32.36 35.12 35.12 56 56 18.34 18.34 18.34 14.97 14.97 85 85 33.31 33.31 36.70 36.70 55 55 18.59 18.59 18.59 15.26 15.26 84 84 34.30 34.30 38.41 38.41 54 54 18.85 18.85 18.85 15.56 15.56 83 83 35.37 35.37 40.25 40.25 53 53 19.12 19.12 19.12 15.88 15.88 82 82 36.49 36.49 42.24 42.24 52 52 19.40 19.40 19.40 16.21 16.21 81 81 37.69 37.69 44.39 44.39 51 51 19.68 19.68 19.68 16.56 16.56 80 80 38.97 38.97 46.72 46.72 50 50 19.99 19.99 19.99 16.93 16.93 79 79 40.33 40.33 49.25 49.25 49 49 20.30 20.30 20.30 17.31 17.31 78 78 41.78 41.78 51.99 51.99 48 48 20.62 20.62 20.62 17.72 17.72 77 77 43.33 43.33 54.98 54.98 47 47 20.96 20.96 20.96 18.15 18.15 76 76 44.98 44.98 58.25 58.25 46 46 21.31 21.31 21.31 18.61 18.61 75 75 46.76 46.76 61.81 61.81 45 45 21.68 21.68 21.68 19.09 19.09 74 74 48.66 48.66 65.72 65.72 44 44 22.07 22.07 22.07 19.59 19.59 73 73 50.71 50.71 70.01 70.01 43 43 22.47 22.47 22.47 20.13 20.13 72 72 52.91 52.91 74.72 74.72 42 42 22.88 22.88 22.88 20.69 20.69 71 71 55.28 55.28 79.92 79.92 41 41 23.32 23.32 23.32 21.29 21.29 70 70 57.84 57.84 85.67 85.67 40 40 23.78 23.78 23.78 21.93 21.93 69 69 60.61 60.61 92.04 92.04 39 39 24.26 24.26 24.26 22.60 22.60 68 68 63.61 63.61 99.11 99.11 38 38 24.76 24.76 24.76 23.32 23.32 67 67 66.86 66.86 106.99 106.99 37 37 25.29 25.29 25.29 24.08 24.08 66 66 70.40 70.40 115.80 115.80 36 36 25.85 25.85 25.85 24.88 24.88 65 65 74.27 74.27 125.67 125.67 35 35 26.43 26.43 26.43 25.74 25.74 64 64 78.49 78.49 136.78 136.78 34 34 27.04 27.04 27.04 26.66 26.66 63 63 83.11 83.11 149.32 149.32 33 33 27.68 27.68 27.68 27.64 27.64 62 62 88.19 88.19 163.54 163.54 32 32 28.36 28.36 28.36 28.68 28.68 61 61 93.79 93.79 174.71 174.71 31 31 * E´ = 400 psi; K = 0.189; K = 0.103. b x When the calculated P is between two tabulated values, the smaller should be used. † v DtorDt1 Note: To convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895. Table 9 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 3* (Continued) Table 9 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 3* (Continued) |
| 35 | Table 10 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 4* Table 10 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 4* Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 5.93 5.93 5.93 5.93 9.70 9.70 310 310 8.00 8.00 9.82 9.82 260 260 6.00 6.00 6.00 9.70 9.70 308 308 8.10 8.10 9.83 9.83 258 258 6.07 6.07 6.07 9.71 9.71 306 306 8.20 8.20 9.83 9.83 256 256 6.14 6.14 6.14 9.71 9.71 304 304 8.31 8.31 9.84 9.84 254 254 6.21 6.21 6.21 9.71 9.71 302 302 8.41 8.41 9.85 9.85 252 252 6.29 6.29 6.29 9.72 9.72 300 300 8.52 8.52 9.86 9.86 250 250 6.36 6.36 6.36 9.72 9.72 298 298 8.63 8.63 9.86 9.86 248 248 6.43 6.43 6.43 9.73 9.73 296 296 8.74 8.74 9.87 9.87 246 246 6.51 6.51 6.51 9.73 9.73 294 294 8.85 8.85 9.88 9.88 244 244 6.59 6.59 6.59 9.73 9.73 292 292 8.97 8.97 9.89 9.89 242 242 6.67 6.67 6.67 9.74 9.74 290 290 9.08 9.08 9.90 9.90 240 240 6.74 6.74 6.74 9.74 9.74 288 288 9.20 9.20 9.91 9.91 238 238 6.83 6.83 6.83 9.75 9.75 286 286 9.32 9.32 9.92 9.92 236 236 6.91 6.91 6.91 9.75 9.75 284 284 9.44 9.44 9.93 9.93 234 234 6.99 6.99 6.99 9.76 9.76 282 282 9.57 9.57 9.94 9.94 232 232 7.08 7.08 7.08 9.76 9.76 280 280 9.69 9.69 9.95 9.95 230 230 7.16 7.16 7.16 9.77 9.77 278 278 9.82 9.82 9.96 9.96 228 228 7.25 7.25 7.25 9.77 9.77 276 276 9.95 9.95 9.97 9.97 226 226 7.34 7.34 7.34 9.78 9.78 274 274 10.08 10.08 9.98 9.98 224 224 7.43 7.43 7.43 9.78 9.78 272 272 10.21 10.21 9.99 9.99 222 222 7.52 7.52 7.52 9.79 9.79 270 270 10.35 10.35 10.01 10.01 220 220 7.61 7.61 7.61 9.79 9.79 268 268 10.49 10.49 10.02 10.02 218 218 7.71 7.71 7.71 9.80 9.80 266 266 10.62 10.62 10.03 10.03 216 216 7.80 7.80 7.80 9.81 9.81 264 264 10.77 10.77 10.05 10.05 214 214 7.90 7.90 7.90 9.81 9.81 262 262 10.91 10.91 10.06 10.06 212 212 11.05 11.05 11.05 10.08 10.08 210 210 14.86 14.86 10.66 10.66 165 165 11.20 11.20 11.20 10.09 10.09 208 208 14.96 14.96 10.69 10.69 164 164 11.35 11.35 11.35 10.11 10.11 206 206 15.05 15.05 10.71 10.71 163 163 11.50 11.50 11.50 10.13 10.13 204 204 15.15 15.15 10.73 10.73 162 162 11.66 11.66 11.66 10.15 10.15 202 202 15.25 15.25 10.75 10.75 161 161 11.81 11.81 11.81 10.17 10.17 200 200 15.34 15.34 10.78 10.78 160 160 11.97 11.97 11.97 10.19 10.19 198 198 15.44 15.44 10.80 10.80 159 159 12.13 12.13 12.13 10.21 10.21 196 196 15.54 15.54 10.82 10.82 158 158 12.29 12.29 12.29 10.23 10.23 194 194 15.64 15.64 10.85 10.85 157 157 12.45 12.45 12.45 10.25 10.25 192 192 15.74 15.74 10.87 10.87 156 156 12.62 12.62 12.62 10.27 10.27 190 190 15.84 15.84 10.90 10.90 155 155 12.79 12.79 12.79 10.30 10.30 188 188 15.94 15.94 10.93 10.93 154 154 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 (continued) (continued) |
| 36 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 12.96 12.96 12.96 12.96 10.32 10.32 186 186 16.04 16.04 10.96 10.96 153 153 13.13 13.13 13.13 10.35 10.35 184 184 16.14 16.14 10.98 10.98 152 152 13.30 13.30 13.30 10.37 10.37 182 182 16.24 16.24 11.01 11.01 151 151 13.48 13.48 13.48 10.40 10.40 180 180 16.34 16.34 11.04 11.04 150 150 13.66 13.66 13.66 10.43 10.43 178 178 16.45 16.45 11.07 11.07 149 149 13.84 13.84 13.84 10.46 10.46 176 176 16.55 16.55 11.11 11.11 148 148 14.02 14.02 14.02 10.50 10.50 174 174 16.65 16.65 11.14 11.14 147 147 14.20 14.20 14.20 10.53 10.53 172 172 16.76 16.76 11.17 11.17 146 146 14.39 14.39 14.39 10.57 10.57 170 170 16.86 16.86 11.21 11.21 145 145 14.48 14.48 14.48 10.59 10.59 169 169 16.96 16.96 11.24 11.24 144 144 14.57 14.57 14.57 10.60 10.60 168 168 17.07 17.07 11.28 11.28 143 143 14.67 14.67 14.67 10.62 10.62 167 167 17.18 17.18 11.31 11.31 142 142 14.76 14.76 14.76 10.64 10.64 166 166 17.28 17.28 11.35 11.35 141 141 17.39 17.39 17.39 11.39 11.39 140 140 20.29 20.29 12.91 12.91 115 115 17.50 17.50 17.50 11.43 11.43 139 139 20.42 20.42 13.00 13.00 114 114 17.60 17.60 17.60 11.48 11.48 138 138 20.55 20.55 13.09 13.09 113 113 17.71 17.71 17.71 11.52 11.52 137 137 20.69 20.69 13.19 13.19 112 112 17.82 17.82 17.82 11.56 11.56 136 136 20.82 20.82 13.29 13.29 111 111 17.93 17.93 17.93 11.61 11.61 135 135 20.96 20.96 13.39 13.39 110 110 18.04 18.04 18.04 11.66 11.66 134 134 21.10 21.10 13.50 13.50 109 109 18.15 18.15 18.15 11.71 11.71 133 133 21.24 21.24 13.61 13.61 108 108 18.26 18.26 18.26 11.76 11.76 132 132 21.39 21.39 13.73 13.73 107 107 18.37 18.37 18.37 11.81 11.81 131 131 21.54 21.54 13.85 13.85 106 106 18.49 18.49 18.49 11.86 11.86 130 130 21.69 21.69 13.98 13.98 105 105 18.60 18.60 18.60 11.92 11.92 129 129 21.84 21.84 14.11 14.11 104 104 18.72 18.72 18.72 11.97 11.97 128 128 22.00 22.00 14.24 14.24 103 103 18.83 18.83 18.83 12.03 12.03 127 127 22.16 22.16 14.38 14.38 102 102 18.95 18.95 18.95 12.09 12.09 126 126 22.32 22.32 14.53 14.53 101 101 19.06 19.06 19.06 12.15 12.15 125 125 22.49 22.49 14.68 14.68 100 100 19.18 19.18 19.18 12.22 12.22 124 124 22.66 22.66 14.84 14.84 99 99 19.30 19.30 19.30 12.28 12.28 123 123 22.83 22.83 15.01 15.01 98 98 19. 42 19. 42 19. 42 12.35 12.35 122 122 23.01 23.01 15.18 15.18 97 97 19.54 19.54 19.54 12.42 12.42 121 121 23.20 23.20 15.36 15.36 96 96 19.66 19.66 19.66 12.50 12.50 120 120 23.38 23.38 15.55 15.55 95 95 19.78 19.78 19.78 12.57 12.57 119 119 23.58 23.58 15.75 15.75 94 94 19.91 19.91 19.91 12.65 12.65 118 118 23.78 23.78 15.95 15.95 93 93 Table 10 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 4* (Continued) Table 10 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 4* (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 37 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † 20.04 20.04 20.04 20.04 12.73 12.73 117 117 23.99 23.99 16.17 16.17 92 92 20.16 20.16 20.16 12.82 12.82 116 116 24.20 24.20 16.39 16.39 91 91 24.42 24.42 24.42 16.62 16.62 90 90 37.63 37.63 33.88 33.88 60 60 24.64 24.64 24.64 16.87 16.87 89 89 38.50 38.50 35.16 35.16 59 59 24.88 24.88 24.88 17.12 17.12 88 88 39.42 39.42 36.53 36.53 58 58 25.12 25.12 25.12 17.39 17.39 87 87 40.39 40.39 38.00 38.00 57 57 25.37 25.37 25.37 17.67 17.67 86 86 41.42 41.42 39.58 39.58 56 56 25.63 25.63 25.63 17.97 17.97 85 85 42.51 42.51 41.28 41.28 55 55 25.90 25.90 25.90 18.28 18.28 84 84 43.67 43.67 43.12 43.12 54 54 26.18 26.18 26.18 18.60 18.60 83 83 44.91 44.91 45.09 45.09 53 53 26.47 26.47 26.47 18.94 18.94 82 82 46.22 46.22 47.22 47.22 52 52 26.77 26.77 26.77 19.30 19.30 81 81 47.62 47.62 49.53 49.53 51 51 27.09 27.09 27.09 19.67 19.67 80 80 49.11 49.11 52.03 52.03 50 50 27.42 27.42 27.42 20.07 20.07 79 79 50.70 50.70 54.74 54.74 49 49 27.76 27.76 27.76 20.48 20.48 78 78 52.41 52.41 57.69 57.69 48 48 28.11 28.11 28.11 20.92 20.92 77 77 54.23 54.23 60.90 60.90 47 47 28.49 28.49 28.49 21.38 21.38 76 76 56.18 56.18 64.40 64.40 46 46 28.87 28.87 28.87 21.87 21.87 75 75 58.27 58.27 68.23 68.23 45 45 29.28 29.28 29.28 22.38 22.38 74 74 60.52 60.52 72.42 72.42 44 44 29.70 29.70 29.70 22.93 22.93 73 73 62.93 62.93 77.02 77.02 43 43 30.15 30.15 30.15 23.50 23.50 72 72 65.54 65.54 82.08 82.08 42 42 30.62 30.62 30.62 24.11 24.11 71 71 68.35 68.35 87.66 87.66 41 41 31.11 31.11 31.11 24.75 24.75 70 70 71.39 71.39 93.82 93.82 40 40 31.62 31.62 31.62 25.43 25.43 69 69 74.67 74.67 100.65 100.65 39 39 32.16 32.16 32.16 26.16 26.16 68 68 78.24 78.24 108.24 108.24 38 38 32.72 32.72 32.72 26.92 26.92 67 67 82.11 82.11 116.70 116.70 37 37 33.32 33.32 33.32 27.74 27.74 66 66 86.33 86.33 126.15 126.15 36 36 33.95 33.95 33.95 28.60 28.60 65 65 90.93 90.93 136.74 136.74 35 35 34.61 34.61 34.61 29.53 29.53 64 64 95.97 95.97 148.66 148.66 34 34 35.30 35.30 35.30 30.51 30.51 63 63 101.49 101.49 162.12 162.12 33 33 36.04 36.04 36.04 31.56 31.56 62 62 107.56 107.56 177.37 177.37 32 32 36.81 36.81 36.81 32.68 32.68 61 61 114.25 114.25 194.72 194.72 31 31 * E´= 500 psi; K = 0.157; K = 0.096. b x When the calculated P is between two tabulated values, the smaller should be used. † v DtorDt1 Note: To convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895 Table 10 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 4* (Continued) Table 10 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 4* (Continued) |
| 38 | START FROM HERE START FROM HERE Table 11 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 5* Table 11 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 5* Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 15.09 15.09 660 660 4.60 4.60 15.11 15.11 535 535 3.10 3.10 3.10 15.09 15.09 655 655 4.69 4.69 15.11 15.11 530 530 3.15 3.15 3.15 15.09 15.09 650 650 4.77 4.77 15.11 15.11 525 525 3.20 3.20 3.20 15.09 15.09 645 645 4.86 4.86 15.11 15.11 520 520 3.25 3.25 3.25 15.09 15.09 640 640 4.95 4.95 15.11 15.11 515 515 3.30 3.30 3.30 15.09 15.09 635 635 5.05 5.05 15.11 15.11 510 510 3.35 3.35 3.35 15.09 15.09 630 630 5.14 5.14 15.11 15.11 505 505 3.40 3.40 3.40 15.09 15.09 625 625 5.24 5.24 15.12 15.12 500 500 3.46 3.46 3.46 15.09 15.09 620 620 5.35 5.35 15.12 15.12 495 495 3.51 3.51 3.51 15.09 15.09 615 615 5.45 5.45 15.12 15.12 490 490 3.57 3.57 3.57 15.10 15.10 610 610 5.56 5.56 15.12 15.12 485 485 3.63 3.63 3.63 15.10 15.10 605 605 5.67 5.67 15.12 15.12 480 480 3.68 3.68 3.68 15.10 15.10 600 600 5.78 5.78 15.12 15.12 475 475 3.75 3.75 3.75 15.10 15.10 595 595 5.90 5.90 15.13 15.13 470 470 3.81 3.81 3.81 15.10 15.10 590 590 6.02 6.02 15.13 15.13 465 465 3.87 3.87 3.87 15.10 15.10 585 585 6.15 6.15 15.13 15.13 460 460 3.94 3.94 3.94 15.10 15.10 580 580 6.28 6.28 15.13 15.13 455 455 4.00 4.00 4.00 15.10 15.10 575 575 6.41 6.41 15.13 15.13 450 450 4.07 4.07 4.07 15.10 15.10 570 570 6.54 6.54 15.14 15.14 445 445 4.14 4.14 4.14 15.10 15.10 565 565 6.68 6.68 15.14 15.14 440 440 4.21 4.21 4.21 15.10 15.10 560 560 6.83 6.83 15.14 15.14 435 435 4.29 4.29 4.29 15.10 15.10 555 555 6.98 6.98 15.14 15.14 430 430 4.36 4.36 4.36 15.10 15.10 550 550 7.13 7.13 15.14 15.14 425 425 4.44 4.44 4.44 15.11 15.11 545 545 7.29 7.29 15.15 15.15 420 420 4.52 4.52 4.52 15.11 15.11 540 540 7.46 7.46 15.15 15.15 415 415 7.63 7.63 7.63 15.15 15.15 410 410 13.23 13.23 15.28 15.28 300 300 7.80 7.80 7.80 15.16 15.16 405 405 13.37 13.37 15.29 15.29 298 298 7.98 7.98 7.98 15.16 15.16 400 400 13.52 13.52 15.29 15.29 296 296 8.17 8.17 8.17 15.16 15.16 395 395 13.67 13.67 15.30 15.30 294 294 8.36 8.36 8.36 15.17 15.17 390 390 13.83 13.83 15.30 15.30 292 292 8.56 8.56 8.56 15.17 15.17 385 385 13.98 13.98 15.30 15.30 290 290 8.77 8.77 8.77 15.17 15.17 380 380 14.14 14.14 15.31 15.31 288 288 8.98 8.98 8.98 15.18 15.18 375 375 14.30 14.30 15.31 15.31 286 286 9.20 9.20 9.20 15.18 15.18 370 370 14.46 14.46 15.32 15.32 284 284 9.43 9.43 9.43 15.19 15.19 365 365 14.62 14.62 15.33 15.33 282 282 9.66 9.66 9.66 15.19 15.19 360 360 14.79 14.79 15.33 15.33 280 280 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 DtorDt1 (continued) (continued) |
| 39 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 9.91 9.91 9.91 9.91 15.20 15.20 355 355 14.96 14.96 15.34 15.34 278 278 10.16 10.16 10.16 15.20 15.20 350 350 15.13 15.13 15.34 15.34 276 276 10.42 10.42 10.42 15.21 15.21 345 345 15.30 15.30 15.35 15.35 274 274 10.69 10.69 10.69 15.22 15.22 340 340 15.48 15.48 15.35 15.35 272 272 10.97 10.97 10.97 15.22 15.22 335 335 15.65 15.65 15.36 15.36 270 270 11.26 11.26 11.26 15.23 15.23 330 330 15.83 15.83 15.37 15.37 268 268 11.56 11.56 11.56 15.24 15.24 325 325 16.02 16.02 15.37 15.37 266 266 11.87 11.87 11.87 15.24 15.24 320 320 16.20 16.20 15.38 15.38 264 264 12.19 12.19 12.19 15.25 15.25 315 315 16.39 16.39 15.39 15.39 262 262 12.52 12.52 12.52 15.26 15.26 310 310 16.58 16.58 15.40 15.40 260 260 12.66 12.66 12.66 15.27 15.27 308 308 16.77 16.77 15.40 15.40 258 258 12.80 12.80 12.80 15.27 15.27 306 306 16.97 16.97 15.41 15.41 256 256 12.94 12.94 12.94 15.27 15.27 304 304 17.16 17.16 15.42 15.42 254 254 13.08 13.08 13.08 15.28 15.28 302 302 17.36 17.36 15.43 15.43 252 252 17.57 17.57 17.57 15.44 15.44 250 250 23.44 23.44 15.79 15.79 200 200 17.77 17.77 17.77 15.45 15.45 248 248 23.70 23.70 15.81 15.81 198 198 17.98 17.98 17.98 15.45 15.45 246 246 23.97 23.97 15.83 15.83 196 196 18.19 18.19 18.19 15.46 15.46 244 244 24.24 24.24 15.86 15.86 194 194 18.40 18.40 18.40 15.47 15.47 242 242 24.50 24.50 15.88 15.88 192 192 18.62 18.62 18.62 15.48 15.48 240 240 24.77 24.77 15.91 15.91 190 190 18.84 18.84 18.84 15.49 15.49 238 238 25.04 25.04 15.93 15.93 188 188 19.06 19.06 19.06 15.51 15.51 236 236 25.31 25.31 15.96 15.96 186 186 19.28 19.28 19.28 15.52 15.52 234 234 25.59 25.59 15.99 15.99 184 184 19.51 19.51 19.51 15.53 15.53 232 232 25.86 25.86 16.02 16.02 182 182 19.73 19.73 19.73 15.54 15.54 230 230 26.13 26.13 16.06 16.06 180 180 19.97 19.97 19.97 15.55 15.55 228 228 26.41 26.41 16.09 16.09 178 178 20.20 20.20 20.20 15.57 15.57 226 226 26.68 26.68 16.12 16.12 176 176 20.43 20.43 20.43 15.58 15.58 224 224 26.96 26.96 16.16 16.16 174 174 20.67 20.67 20.67 15.59 15.59 222 222 27.23 27.23 16.20 16.20 172 172 20.91 20.91 20.91 15.61 15.61 220 220 27.51 27.51 16.24 16.24 170 170 21.16 21.16 21.16 15.62 15.62 218 218 27.65 27.65 16.26 16.26 169 169 21.40 21.40 21.40 15.64 15.64 216 216 27.78 27.78 16.28 16.28 168 168 21.65 21.65 21.65 15.65 15.65 214 214 27.92 27.92 16.31 16.31 167 167 21.90 21.90 21.90 15.67 15.67 212 212 28.06 28.06 16.33 16.33 166 166 22.15 22.15 22.15 15.69 15.69 210 210 28.19 28.19 16.35 16.35 165 165 22.40 22.40 22.40 15.71 15.71 208 208 28.33 28.33 16.37 16.37 164 164 Table 11 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 5* (Continued) Table 11 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 5* (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 40 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † † † 22.66 22.66 22.66 22.66 15.73 15.73 206 206 28.47 28.47 16.40 16.40 163 163 22.92 22.92 22.92 15.75 15.75 204 204 28.60 28.60 16.42 16.42 162 162 23.18 23.18 23.18 15.77 15.77 202 202 28.74 28.74 16.45 16.45 161 161 28.87 28.87 28.87 16.48 16.48 160 160 32.13 32.13 17.42 17.42 135 135 29.01 29.01 29.01 16.50 16.50 159 159 32.25 32.25 17.47 17.47 134 134 29.15 29.15 29.15 16.53 16.53 158 158 32.38 32.38 17.53 17.53 133 133 29.28 29.28 29.28 16.56 16.56 157 157 32.50 32.50 17.58 17.58 132 132 29.41 29.41 29.41 16.59 16.59 156 156 32.62 32.62 17.64 17.64 131 131 29.55 29.55 29.55 16.62 16.62 155 155 32.75 32.75 17.70 17.70 130 130 29.68 29.68 29.68 16.65 16.65 154 154 32.87 32.87 17.76 17.76 129 129 29.82 29.82 29.82 16.68 16.68 153 153 32.99 32.99 17.83 17.83 128 128 29.95 29.95 29.95 16.71 16.71 152 152 33.11 33.11 17.89 17.89 127 127 30.08 30.08 30.08 16.74 16.74 151 151 33.23 33.23 17.96 17.96 126 126 30.21 30.21 30.21 16.78 16.78 150 150 33.35 33.35 18.03 18.03 125 125 30.34 30.34 30.34 16.81 16.81 149 149 33.47 33.47 18.11 18.11 124 124 30.48 30.48 30.48 16.85 16.85 148 148 33.59 33.59 18.18 18.18 123 123 30.61 30.61 30.61 16.89 16.89 147 147 33.71 33.71 18.26 18.26 122 122 30.74 30.74 30.74 16.92 16.92 146 146 33.83 33.83 18.34 18.34 121 121 30.87 30.87 30.87 16.96 16.96 145 145 33.95 33.95 18.42 18.42 120 120 30.99 30.99 30.99 17.00 17.00 144 144 34.07 34.07 18.51 18.51 119 119 31.12 31.12 31.12 17.04 17.04 143 143 34.19 34.19 18.60 18.60 118 118 31.25 31.25 31.25 17.09 17.09 142 142 34.31 34.31 18.69 18.69 117 117 31.38 31.38 31.38 17.13 17.13 141 141 34.43 34.43 18.78 18.78 116 116 31.50 31.50 31.50 17.17 17.17 140 140 34.55 34.55 18.88 18.88 115 115 31.63 31.63 31.63 17.22 17.22 139 139 34.68 34.68 18.98 18.98 114 114 31.76 31.76 31.76 17.27 17.27 138 138 34.80 34.80 19.09 19.09 113 113 31.88 31.88 31.88 17.32 17.32 137 137 34.92 34.92 19.20 19.20 112 112 32.01 32.01 32.01 17.37 17.37 136 136 35.05 35.05 19.31 19.31 111 111 35.17 35.17 35.17 19.43 19.43 110 110 39.41 39.41 24.60 24.60 85 85 35.30 35.30 35.30 19.55 19.55 109 109 39.67 39.67 24.95 24.95 84 84 35.43 35.43 35.43 19.68 19.68 108 108 39.94 39.94 25.31 25.31 83 83 35.56 35.56 35.56 19.81 19.81 107 107 40.22 40.22 25.70 25.70 82 82 35.69 35.69 35.69 19.95 19.95 106 106 40.51 40.51 26.10 26.10 81 81 35.83 35.83 35.83 20.09 20.09 105 105 40.82 40.82 26.52 26.52 80 80 35.96 35.96 35.96 20.24 20.24 104 104 41.14 41.14 26.97 26.97 79 79 36.10 36.10 36.10 20.39 20.39 103 103 41.48 41.48 27.44 27.44 78 78 Table 11 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 5* (Continued) Table 11 Diameter-thickness ratios for laying condition Type 5* (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 41 | Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Trench Load (P)—psi Trench Load (P)—psi v Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † Bending-Stress Bending-Stress Design Deflection Deflection Check † 36.25 36.25 36.25 36.25 20.55 20.55 102 102 41.84 41.84 27.93 27.93 77 77 36.39 36.39 36.39 20.72 20.72 101 101 42.21 42.21 28.46 28.46 76 76 36.54 36.54 36.54 20.89 20.89 100 100 42.60 42.60 29.01 29.01 75 75 36.69 36.69 36.69 21.07 21.07 99 99 43.02 43.02 29.59 29.59 74 74 36.85 36.85 36.85 21.26 21.26 98 98 43.45 43.45 30.20 30.20 73 73 37.01 37.01 37.01 21.45 21.45 97 97 43.92 43.92 30.85 30.85 72 72 37.17 37.17 37.17 21.66 21.66 96 96 44.40 44.40 31.53 31.53 71 71 37.34 37.34 37.34 21.87 21.87 95 95 44.91 44.91 32.26 32.26 70 70 37.52 37.52 37.52 22.09 22.09 94 94 45.46 45.46 33.03 33.03 69 69 37.70 37.70 37.70 22.32 22.32 93 93 46.03 46.03 33.85 33.85 68 68 37.89 37.89 37.89 22.56 22.56 92 92 46.64 46.64 34.71 34.71 67 67 38.08 38.08 38.08 22.82 22.82 91 91 47.28 47.28 35.63 35.63 66 66 38.28 38.28 38.28 23.08 23.08 90 90 47.96 47.96 36.61 36.61 65 65 38.49 38.49 38.49 23.36 23.36 89 89 48.68 48.68 37.65 37.65 64 64 38.71 38.71 38.71 23.65 23.65 88 88 49.44 49.44 38.77 38.77 63 63 38.93 38.93 38.93 23.95 23.95 87 87 50.25 50.25 39.95 39.95 62 62 39.17 39.17 39.17 24.27 24.27 86 86 51.11 51.11 41.21 41.21 61 61 52.02 52.02 52.02 42.57 42.57 60 60 75.88 75.88 81.36 81.36 45 45 52.99 52.99 52.99 44.01 44.01 59 59 78.54 78.54 86.10 86.10 44 44 54.02 54.02 54.02 45.56 45.56 58 58 81.40 81.40 91.29 91.29 43 43 55.12 55.12 55.12 47.23 47.23 57 57 84.50 84.50 97.01 97.01 42 42 56.28 56.28 56.28 49.01 49.01 56 56 87.85 87.85 103.31 103.31 41 41 57.53 57.53 57.53 50.93 50.93 55 55 91.47 91.47 110.27 110.27 40 40 58.86 58.86 58.86 53.00 53.00 54 54 95.40 95.40 117.98 117.98 39 39 60.28 60.28 60.28 55.23 55.23 53 53 99.67 99.67 126.56 126.56 38 38 61.79 61.79 61.79 57.64 57.64 52 52 104.32 104.32 136.11 136.11 37 37 63.41 63.41 63.41 60.25 60.25 51 51 109.40 109.40 146.78 146.78 36 36 65.14 65.14 65.14 63.07 63.07 50 50 114.94 114.94 158.75 158.75 35 35 67.00 67.00 67.00 66.13 66.13 49 49 121.02 121.02 172.21 172.21 34 34 68.99 68.99 68.99 69.46 69.46 48 48 127.69 127.69 187.41 187.41 33 33 71.12 71.12 71.12 73.09 73.09 47 47 135.03 135.03 204.63 204.63 32 32 73.41 73.41 73.41 77.04 77.04 46 46 143.14 143.14 224.22 224.22 31 31 *E´ = 700 psi; K = 0.128; K = 0.085. b |
| 42 | Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) Size Size Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class 3 3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 3 3 3 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 4 4 4 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.14 0.14 0.14 350 350 350 TR 5 5 5 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.14 0.14 0.14 350 350 350 TR 6 6 6 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.14 0.14 0.14 350 350 350 TR 7 7 7 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.14 0.14 0.14 350 350 350 TR 8 8 8 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.14 0.14 0.14 350 350 350 TR 9 9 9 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 10 10 10 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 12 12 12 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 14 14 14 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 16 16 16 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 20 20 20 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 24 24 24 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 28 28 28 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 32 32 32 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 4 4 4 4 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 3 3 3 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 4 4 4 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 5 5 5 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 6 6 6 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 7 7 7 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 8 8 8 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 9 9 9 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 10 10 10 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 12 12 12 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 14 14 14 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 16 16 16 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 20 20 20 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 24 24 24 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 28 28 28 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 32 |
| 43 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class TBody TR 10 10 10 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 0.15 0.15 0.15 350 350 350 TR 12 12 12 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 14 14 14 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 16 16 16 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 20 20 20 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 24 24 24 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 8 8 8 8 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 3 3 3 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 4 4 4 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 5 5 5 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 6 6 6 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 7 7 7 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 8 8 8 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 9 9 9 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 10 10 10 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 12 12 12 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.16 0.16 0.16 350 350 350 TR 14 14 14 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 16 16 16 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 10 10 10 10 2.5 2.5 2.5 — — — — — — 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 3 3 3 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 4 4 4 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 5 5 5 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 6 6 6 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 7 7 7 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 8 8 8 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 9 9 9 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 10 10 10 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.17 0.17 0.17 350 350 350 TR 12 12 12 — — — — — — 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 14 14 14 — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 44 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class 12 12 12 12 12 2.5 2.5 2.5 — — — — — — 0.27 0.27 0.27 350 350 350 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 TR 3 3 3 0.28 0.28 0.28 350 350 350 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 4 4 4 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 5 5 5 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 6 6 6 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 7 7 7 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 8 8 8 0.27 0.27 0.27 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 9 9 9 0.27 0.27 0.27 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 10 10 10 0.28 0.28 0.28 350 350 350 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 12 12 12 — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.18 0.18 0.18 350 350 350 TR 14 14 14 — — — — — — 0.28 0.28 0.28 350 350 350 0.25 0.25 0.25 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.22 0.22 0.22 350 350 350 0.19 0.19 0.19 350 350 350 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.24 0.24 0.24 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 0.26 350 350 350 0.20 0.20 0.20 350 350 350 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.28 0.28 0.28 350 350 350 0.21 0.21 0.21 350 350 350 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.23 0.23 0.23 350 350 350 14 14 14 14 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.29 0.29 0.29 300 300 300 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 3 3 3 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 4 4 4 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 0.19 0.19 0.19 250 250 250 TR 5 5 5 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 0.19 0.19 0.19 250 250 250 TR 6 6 6 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 0.19 0.19 0.19 250 250 250 TR 7 7 7 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 0.19 0.19 0.19 250 250 250 TR 8 8 8 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 0.19 0.19 0.19 250 250 250 TR 9 9 9 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.19 0.19 0.19 250 250 250 TR 10 10 10 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 12 12 12 0.29 0.29 0.29 300 300 300 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 14 14 14 0.31 0.31 0.31 350 350 350 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.29 0.29 0.29 300 300 300 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.29 0.29 0.29 300 300 300 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 16 16 16 16 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.31 0.31 0.31 300 300 300 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 3 3 3 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 4 4 4 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 5 5 5 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 6 6 6 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 7 7 7 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 8 8 8 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 9 9 9 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 45 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class TBody TR 10 10 10 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 12 12 12 0.31 0.31 0.31 300 300 300 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 14 14 14 0.33 0.33 0.33 350 350 350 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.31 0.31 0.31 300 300 300 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — 0.34 0.34 0.34 350 350 350 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.30 0.30 0.30 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.34 0.34 0.34 350 350 350 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 18 18 18 18 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.32 0.32 0.32 300 300 300 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 3 3 3 0.30 0.30 0.30 250 250 250 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 4 4 4 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 5 5 5 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 6 6 6 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 7 7 7 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 8 8 8 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 9 9 9 0.30 0.30 0.30 250 250 250 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 10 10 10 0.31 0.31 0.31 250 250 250 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 12 12 12 0.33 0.33 0.33 300 300 300 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 14 14 14 0.35 0.35 0.35 350 350 350 0.31 0.31 0.31 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.33 0.33 0.33 300 300 300 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.32 0.32 0.32 300 300 300 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.36 0.36 0.36 350 350 350 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.32 0.32 0.32 300 300 300 20 20 20 20 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.33 0.33 0.33 250 250 250 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 3 3 3 0.31 0.31 0.31 250 250 250 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 4 4 4 0.30 0.30 0.30 250 250 250 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 5 5 5 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 6 6 6 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.20 0.20 0.20 250 250 250 TR 7 7 7 0.30 0.30 0.30 250 250 250 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 8 8 8 0.30 0.30 0.30 250 250 250 0.27 0.27 0.27 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 9 9 9 0.31 0.31 0.31 250 250 250 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 10 10 10 0.32 0.32 0.32 250 250 250 0.29 0.29 0.29 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 0.21 0.21 0.21 250 250 250 TR 12 12 12 0.35 0.35 0.35 300 300 300 0.31 0.31 0.31 250 250 250 0.25 0.25 0.25 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 TR 14 14 14 0.37 0.37 0.37 350 350 350 0.33 0.33 0.33 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 250 250 250 0.22 0.22 0.22 250 250 250 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.35 0.35 0.35 300 300 300 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 0.23 0.23 0.23 250 250 250 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.32 0.32 0.32 250 250 250 0.24 0.24 0.24 250 250 250 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.35 0.35 0.35 300 300 300 0.28 0.28 0.28 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.38 0.38 0.38 350 350 350 0.32 0.32 0.32 250 250 250 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.35 0.35 0.35 300 300 300 Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 46 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class 24 24 24 24 24 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.36 0.36 0.36 250 250 250 0.32 0.32 0.32 200 200 200 0.26 0.26 0.26 200 200 200 0.22 0.22 0.22 200 200 200 TR 3 3 3 0.33 0.33 0.33 200 200 200 0.30 0.30 0.30 200 200 200 0.25 0.25 0.25 200 200 200 0.22 0.22 0.22 200 200 200 TR 4 4 4 0.32 0.32 0.32 200 200 200 0.29 0.29 0.29 200 200 200 0.25 0.25 0.25 200 200 200 0.21 0.21 0.21 200 200 200 TR 5 5 5 0.31 0.31 0.31 200 200 200 0.28 0.28 0.28 200 200 200 0.24 0.24 0.24 200 200 200 0.21 0.21 0.21 200 200 200 TR 6 6 6 0.31 0.31 0.31 200 200 200 0.28 0.28 0.28 200 200 200 0.24 0.24 0.24 200 200 200 0.21 0.21 0.21 200 200 200 TR 7 7 7 0.32 0.32 0.32 200 200 200 0.29 0.29 0.29 200 200 200 0.25 0.25 0.25 200 200 200 0.22 0.22 0.22 200 200 200 TR 8 8 8 0.33 0.33 0.33 200 200 200 0.30 0.30 0.30 200 200 200 0.25 0.25 0.25 200 200 200 0.22 0.22 0.22 200 200 200 TR 9 9 9 0.35 0.35 0.35 250 250 250 0.30 0.30 0.30 200 200 200 0.26 0.26 0.26 200 200 200 0.22 0.22 0.22 200 200 200 TR 10 10 10 0.36 0.36 0.36 250 250 250 0.31 0.31 0.31 200 200 200 0.26 0.26 0.26 200 200 200 0.22 0.22 0.22 200 200 200 TR 12 12 12 0.39 0.39 0.39 300 300 300 0.33 0.33 0.33 200 200 200 0.27 0.27 0.27 200 200 200 0.23 0.23 0.23 200 200 200 TR 14 14 14 0.41 0.41 0.41 350 350 350 0.36 0.36 0.36 250 250 250 0.29 0.29 0.29 200 200 200 0.24 0.24 0.24 200 200 200 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.38 0.38 0.38 300 300 300 0.31 0.31 0.31 200 200 200 0.24 0.24 0.24 200 200 200 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.36 0.36 0.36 250 250 250 0.26 0.26 0.26 200 200 200 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.40 0.40 0.40 300 300 300 0.32 0.32 0.32 200 200 200 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.43 0.43 0.43 350 350 350 0.37 0.37 0.37 250 250 250 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.40 0.40 0.40 300 300 300 30 30 30 30 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.40 0.40 0.40 250 250 250 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.37 0.37 0.37 200 200 200 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 0.23 0.23 0.23 150 150 150 TR 4 4 4 0.36 0.36 0.36 200 200 200 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 0.23 0.23 0.23 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.35 0.35 0.35 200 200 200 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 0.23 0.23 0.23 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.35 0.35 0.35 200 200 200 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 0.23 0.23 0.23 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.36 0.36 0.36 200 200 200 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 0.23 0.23 0.23 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.37 0.37 0.37 200 200 200 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 0.23 0.23 0.23 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.39 0.39 0.39 250 250 250 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 10 10 10 0.41 0.41 0.41 250 250 250 0.35 0.35 0.35 200 200 200 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.44 0.44 0.44 300 300 300 0.38 0.38 0.38 200 200 200 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 0.25 0.25 0.25 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.48 0.48 0.48 350 350 350 0.41 0.41 0.41 250 250 250 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.44 0.44 0.44 300 300 300 0.37 0.37 0.37 200 200 200 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.43 0.43 0.43 300 300 300 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 0.48 0.48 350 350 350 0.38 0.38 0.38 200 200 200 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.44 0.44 0.44 300 300 300 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 0.48 0.48 350 350 350 36 36 36 36 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.43 0.43 0.43 250 250 250 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.25 0.25 0.25 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.41 0.41 0.41 200 200 200 0.36 0.36 0.36 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 0.25 0.25 0.25 150 150 150 TR 4 4 4 0.39 0.39 0.39 200 200 200 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.39 0.39 0.39 200 200 200 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.39 0.39 0.39 200 200 200 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.40 0.40 0.40 200 200 200 0.35 0.35 0.35 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 0.24 0.24 0.24 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.42 0.42 0.42 200 200 200 0.36 0.36 0.36 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 0.25 0.25 0.25 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.44 0.44 0.44 250 250 250 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.25 0.25 0.25 150 150 150 Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 47 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class TBody TR 10 10 10 0.46 0.46 0.46 250 250 250 0.39 0.39 0.39 200 200 200 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.50 0.50 0.50 300 300 300 0.42 0.42 0.42 200 200 200 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.54 0.54 0.54 350 350 350 0.46 0.46 0.46 250 250 250 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.50 0.50 0.50 300 300 300 0.43 0.43 0.43 250 250 250 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.51 0.51 0.51 300 300 300 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.56 0.56 0.56 350 350 350 0.44 0.44 0.44 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.51 0.51 0.51 300 300 300 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.56 0.56 0.56 350 350 350 42 42 42 42 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.47 0.47 0.47 200 200 200 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.44 0.44 0.44 200 200 200 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 4 4 4 0.42 0.42 0.42 200 200 200 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 0.25 0.25 0.25 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.43 0.43 0.43 200 200 200 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.43 0.43 0.43 200 200 200 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.44 0.44 0.44 200 200 200 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.46 0.46 0.46 200 200 200 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 0.26 0.26 0.26 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.48 0.48 0.48 250 250 250 0.41 0.41 0.41 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 TR 10 10 10 0.50 0.50 0.50 250 250 250 0.43 0.43 0.43 200 200 200 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.27 0.27 0.27 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.55 0.55 0.55 300 300 300 0.47 0.47 0.47 200 200 200 0.36 0.36 0.36 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.60 0.60 0.60 350 350 350 0.52 0.52 0.52 250 250 250 0.43 0.43 0.43 200 200 200 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.57 0.57 0.57 300 300 300 0.49 0.49 0.49 250 250 250 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.57 0.57 0.57 300 300 300 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.50 0.50 0.50 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.58 0.58 0.58 350 350 350 TR 32 32 32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.63 0.63 0.63 350 350 350 48 48 48 48 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.50 0.50 0.50 200 200 200 0.44 0.44 0.44 150 150 150 0.35 0.35 0.35 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.48 0.48 0.48 200 200 200 0.42 0.42 0.42 150 150 150 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 4 4 4 0.46 0.46 0.46 150 150 150 0.41 0.41 0.41 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.47 0.47 0.47 200 200 200 0.41 0.41 0.41 150 150 150 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.48 0.48 0.48 200 200 200 0.41 0.41 0.41 150 150 150 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.49 0.49 0.49 200 200 200 0.43 0.43 0.43 150 150 150 0.35 0.35 0.35 150 150 150 0.28 0.28 0.28 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.51 0.51 0.51 200 200 200 0.44 0.44 0.44 150 150 150 0.35 0.35 0.35 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.54 0.54 0.54 250 250 250 0.46 0.46 0.46 150 150 150 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.29 0.29 0.29 150 150 150 TR 10 10 10 0.56 0.56 0.56 250 250 250 0.48 0.48 0.48 200 200 200 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.62 0.62 0.62 300 300 300 0.54 0.54 0.54 250 250 250 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.67 0.67 0.67 350 350 350 0.60 0.60 0.60 300 300 300 0.49 0.49 0.49 200 200 200 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.65 0.65 0.65 350 350 350 0.56 0.56 0.56 250 250 250 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.66 0.66 0.66 350 350 350 0.43 0.43 0.43 150 150 150 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.57 0.57 0.57 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.66 0.66 0.66 350 350 350 54 54 54 54 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.54 0.54 0.54 200 200 200 0.47 0.47 0.47 150 150 150 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.53 0.53 0.53 200 200 200 0.46 0.46 0.46 150 150 150 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 48 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class TBody TR 4 4 4 0.51 0.51 0.51 150 150 150 0.44 0.44 0.44 150 150 150 0.36 0.36 0.36 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.52 0.52 0.52 200 200 200 0.45 0.45 0.45 150 150 150 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.53 0.53 0.53 200 200 200 0.46 0.46 0.46 150 150 150 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 0.30 0.30 0.30 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.54 0.54 0.54 200 200 200 0.47 0.47 0.47 150 150 150 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.57 0.57 0.57 200 200 200 0.49 0.49 0.49 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.60 0.60 0.60 250 250 250 0.51 0.51 0.51 150 150 150 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 10 10 10 0.63 0.63 0.63 250 250 250 0.53 0.53 0.53 200 200 200 0.41 0.41 0.41 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.69 0.69 0.69 300 300 300 0.61 0.61 0.61 250 250 250 0.44 0.44 0.44 150 150 150 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.75 0.75 0.75 350 350 350 0.68 0.68 0.68 300 300 300 0.55 0.55 0.55 200 200 200 0.36 0.36 0.36 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.73 0.73 0.73 350 350 350 0.63 0.63 0.63 250 250 250 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.74 0.74 0.74 350 350 350 0.48 0.48 0.48 150 150 150 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.64 0.64 0.64 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.74 0.74 0.74 350 350 350 60 60 60 60 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.56 0.56 0.56 200 200 200 0.48 0.48 0.48 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.54 0.54 0.54 150 150 150 0.47 0.47 0.47 150 150 150 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 4 4 4 0.53 0.53 0.53 150 150 150 0.46 0.46 0.46 150 150 150 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.54 0.54 0.54 150 150 150 0.47 0.47 0.47 150 150 150 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.55 0.55 0.55 200 200 200 0.48 0.48 0.48 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.31 0.31 0.31 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.57 0.57 0.57 200 200 200 0.49 0.49 0.49 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.59 0.59 0.59 200 200 200 0.51 0.51 0.51 150 150 150 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.63 0.63 0.63 250 250 250 0.53 0.53 0.53 150 150 150 0.42 0.42 0.42 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 10 10 10 0.67 0.67 0.67 250 250 250 0.55 0.55 0.55 200 200 200 0.43 0.43 0.43 150 150 150 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.74 0.74 0.74 300 300 300 0.65 0.65 0.65 250 250 250 0.46 0.46 0.46 150 150 150 0.35 0.35 0.35 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.79 0.79 0.79 350 350 350 0.72 0.72 0.72 300 300 300 0.58 0.58 0.58 200 200 200 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.78 0.78 0.78 350 350 350 0.67 0.67 0.67 250 250 250 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.79 0.79 0.79 350 350 350 0.51 0.51 0.51 150 150 150 TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.68 0.68 0.68 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.79 0.79 0.79 350 350 350 64 64 64 64 2.5 2.5 2.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 0.58 0.58 0.58 200 200 200 0.50 0.50 0.50 150 150 150 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 3 3 3 0.56 0.56 0.56 150 150 150 0.49 0.49 0.49 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 4 4 4 0.55 0.55 0.55 150 150 150 0.48 0.48 0.48 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 5 5 5 0.56 0.56 0.56 150 150 150 0.48 0.48 0.48 150 150 150 0.39 0.39 0.39 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 6 6 6 0.57 0.57 0.57 200 200 200 0.49 0.49 0.49 150 150 150 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 0.32 0.32 0.32 150 150 150 TR 7 7 7 0.59 0.59 0.59 200 200 200 0.51 0.51 0.51 150 150 150 0.41 0.41 0.41 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 8 8 8 0.62 0.62 0.62 200 200 200 0.53 0.53 0.53 150 150 150 0.42 0.42 0.42 150 150 150 0.33 0.33 0.33 150 150 150 TR 9 9 9 0.67 0.67 0.67 250 250 250 0.55 0.55 0.55 150 150 150 0.43 0.43 0.43 150 150 150 0.34 0.34 0.34 150 150 150 TR 10 10 10 0.70 0.70 0.70 250 250 250 0.58 0.58 0.58 200 200 200 0.45 0.45 0.45 150 150 150 0.35 0.35 0.35 150 150 150 TR 12 12 12 0.78 0.78 0.78 300 300 300 0.68 0.68 0.68 250 250 250 0.48 0.48 0.48 150 150 150 0.37 0.37 0.37 150 150 150 TR 14 14 14 0.84 0.84 0.84 350 350 350 0.76 0.76 0.76 300 300 300 0.61 0.61 0.61 200 200 200 0.38 0.38 0.38 150 150 150 TR 16 16 16 — — — — — — 0.82 0.82 0.82 350 350 350 0.70 0.70 0.70 250 250 250 0.40 0.40 0.40 150 150 150 TR 20 20 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.83 0.83 0.83 350 350 350 0.54 0.54 0.54 150 150 150 Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) Table 12 Thickness for trench load (earth load plus truck load) (Continued) (continued) (continued) |
| 49 | Size Size Size Size Size in. in. Depth Depth Depth of Cover* ft ft Laying Condition Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3 Type 3 Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type 5 Type 5 Type 5 Total Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class Total Total Total Calculated Thickness, † in. in. Use Use Use Pressure Class TBody TR 24 24 24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.72 0.72 0.72 250 250 250 TR 28 28 28 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.83 0.83 0.83 350 350 350 *Pipe may be available for depths of cover greater than those shown in the table. Total calculated thickness includes service allowance and casting allowance added to net thickness. |
| 50 | Table 14 Rated working pressure and maximum depth of cover Table 14 Rated working pressure and maximum depth of cover Size Size Size Size Size Size in. Pressure Class* Pressure Class* psi Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness in. Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Trench Type 2 Type 2 Trench Type 3 Type 3 Trench Type 4 Type 4 Trench Type 5 Type 5 Trench Maximum Depth of Cover—ft Maximum Depth of Cover—ft Maximum Depth of Cover—ft † 3 3 3 3 350 350 0.25 0.25 78 78 88 88 99 99 100 100 ‡ 100 100 ‡ 4 4 4 350 350 0.25 0.25 53 53 61 61 69 69 85 85 100 100 ‡ 6 6 6 350 350 0.25 0.25 26 26 31 31 37 37 47 47 65 65 8 8 8 350 350 0.25 0.25 16 16 20 20 25 25 34 34 50 50 10 10 10 350 350 0.26 0.26 11 11 § 15 15 19 19 28 28 45 45 12 12 12 350 350 0.28 0.28 10 10 § 15 15 19 19 28 28 44 44 14 14 14 250 250 0.28 0.28 ¶ ¶ ¶ 11 11 § 15 15 23 23 36 36 TR 300 300 0.30 0.30 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 17 17 26 26 42 42 TR 350 350 0.31 0.31 ¶ ¶ ¶ 14 14 19 19 27 27 44 44 16 16 16 250 250 0.30 0.30 ¶ ¶ ¶ 11 11 § 15 15 24 24 34 34 TR 300 300 0.32 0.32 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 17 17 26 26 39 39 TR 350 350 0.34 0.34 ¶ ¶ ¶ 14 14 20 20 28 28 44 44 18 18 18 250 250 0.31 0.31 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 § 14 14 22 22 31 31 TR 300 300 0.34 0.34 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 17 17 26 26 36 36 TR 350 350 0.36 0.36 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 19 19 28 28 41 41 20 20 20 250 250 0.33 0.33 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 14 14 22 22 30 30 TR 300 300 0.36 0.36 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 17 17 26 26 35 35 TR 350 350 0.38 0.38 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 19 19 28 28 38 38 24 24 24 200 200 0.33 0.33 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 § 12 12 17 17 25 25 TR 250 250 0.37 0.37 ¶ ¶ ¶ 11 11 15 15 20 20 29 29 TR 300 300 0.40 0.40 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 17 17 24 24 32 32 TR 350 350 0.42 0.42 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 19 19 28 28 37 37 30 30 30 150 150 0.34 0.34 ¶ ¶ ¶ — — 9 9 14 14 22 22 TR 200 200 0.38 0.38 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 § 12 12 16 16 24 24 TR 250 250 0.42 0.42 ¶ ¶ ¶ 11 11 15 15 19 19 27 27 TR 300 300 0.45 0.45 ¶ ¶ ¶ 12 12 16 16 21 21 29 29 TR 350 350 0.49 0.49 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 19 19 25 25 33 33 36 36 36 150 150 0.38 0.38 ¶ ¶ ¶ — — 9 9 14 14 21 21 TR 200 200 0.42 0.42 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 § 12 12 15 15 23 23 TR 250 250 0.47 0.47 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 14 14 18 18 25 25 TR 300 300 0.51 0.51 ¶ ¶ ¶ 12 12 16 16 20 20 28 28 TR 350 350 0.56 0.56 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 19 19 24 24 32 32 (continued) (continued) |
| 51 | Size Size Size Size in. Pressure Class* Pressure Class* psi Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness in. Laying Condition Laying Condition Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Trench Type 2 Type 2 Trench Type 3 Type 3 Trench Type 4 Type 4 Trench Type 5 Type 5 Trench Maximum Depth of Cover—ft Maximum Depth of Cover—ft Maximum Depth of Cover—ft † 42 42 42 42 150 150 0.41 0.41 ¶ ¶ ¶ — — 9 9 13 13 20 20 TR 200 200 0.47 0.47 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 12 12 15 15 22 22 TR 250 250 0.52 0.52 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 14 14 17 17 25 25 TR 300 300 0.57 0.57 ¶ ¶ ¶ 12 12 16 16 20 20 27 27 TR 350 350 0.63 0.63 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 19 19 23 23 32 32 48 48 48 150 150 0.46 0.46 ¶ ¶ ¶ — — 9 9 13 13 20 20 TR 200 200 0.52 0.52 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 11 11 15 15 22 22 TR 250 250 0.58 0.58 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 13 13 17 17 24 24 TR 300 300 0.64 0.64 ¶ ¶ ¶ 12 12 15 15 19 19 27 27 TR 350 350 0.70 0.70 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 18 18 22 22 30 30 54 54 54 150 150 0.51 0.51 ¶ ¶ ¶ — — 9 9 13 13 20 20 TR 200 200 0.58 0.58 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 11 11 14 14 22 22 TR 250 250 0.65 0.65 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 13 13 16 16 24 24 TR 300 300 0.72 0.72 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 15 15 19 19 27 27 TR 350 350 0.79 0.79 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 18 18 22 22 30 30 60 60 60 150 150 0.54 0.54 ¶ ¶ ¶ 5 5 § 9 9 13 13 20 20 TR 200 200 0.61 0.61 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 11 11 14 14 22 22 TR 250 250 0.68 0.68 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 13 13 16 16 24 24 TR 300 300 0.76 0.76 ¶ ¶ ¶ 13 13 15 15 19 19 26 26 TR 350 350 0.83 0.83 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 18 18 22 22 30 30 64 64 64 150 150 0.56 0.56 ¶ ¶ ¶ 5 5 § 9 9 13 13 20 20 TR 200 200 0.64 0.64 ¶ ¶ ¶ 8 8 11 11 14 14 21 21 TR 250 250 0.72 0.72 ¶ ¶ ¶ 10 10 13 13 16 16 24 24 TR 300 300 0.80 0.80 ¶ ¶ ¶ 12 12 15 15 19 19 26 26 TR 350 350 0.87 0.87 ¶ ¶ ¶ 15 15 17 17 21 21 29 29 * Ductile-iron pipe is adequate for the rated working pressure indicated for each nominal size plus a surge allowance of 100 psi (689 kPa). Calculations are based on a 2.0 safety factor times the sum of working pressure and 100 psi (689 kPa) surge allowance. Ductile-iron pipe for working pressures higher than 350 psi (2,413 kPa) is available. An allowance for a single H-20 truck with 1.5 impact factor is included for all depths of cover. † Calculated maximum depth of cover exceeds 100 ft (30.5 m). ‡ Minimum allowable depth of cover is 3 ft (0.9 m). § For pipe 14 in. (350 mm) and larger, consideration should be given to the use of laying conditions other than Type 1. ¶ Note: To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4; to convert feet (ft) to meters (m), multiply by 0.3048; and to convert pounds per square inch (psi) to kilopascals (kPa), multiply by 6.895. Table 14 Rated working pressure and maximum depth of cover (Continued) Table 14 Rated working pressure and maximum depth of cover (Continued) |
| 52 | Table 15 Special thickness classes of ductile-iron pipe* Table 15 Special thickness classes of ductile-iron pipe* Size Size Size Size Size Size in. Outside Diameter Outside Diameter Thickness Class Thickness Class 50 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 Thickness—in. Thickness—in. Thickness—in. 3 3 3 3 3.96 3.96 — — 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.40 4 4 4 4.80 4.80 — — 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.41 6 6 6 6.90 6.90 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.4 0.4 0.43 0.43 8 8 8 9.05 9.05 0.27 0.27 0.3 0.3 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.45 10 10 10 11.10 11.10 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.47 12 12 12 13.20 13.20 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.49 0.49 14 14 14 15.30 15.30 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.48 0.48 0.51 0.51 16 16 16 17.40 17.40 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.52 0.52 18 18 18 19.50 19.50 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.53 0.53 20 20 20 21.60 21.60 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.48 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.54 24 24 24 25.80 25.80 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.56 0.56 30 30 30 32.00 32.00 0.39 0.39 0.43 0.43 0.47 0.47 0.51 0.51 0.55 0.55 0.59 0.59 0.63 0.63 36 36 36 38.30 38.30 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.48 0.53 0.53 0.58 0.58 0.63 0.63 0.68 0.68 0.73 0.73 42 42 42 44.50 44.50 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.53 0.59 0.59 0.65 0.65 0.71 0.71 0.77 0.77 0.83 0.83 48 48 48 50.80 50.80 0.51 0.51 0.58 0.58 0.65 0.65 0.72 0.72 0.79 0.79 0.86 0.86 0.93 0.93 54 54 54 57.56 57.56 0.57 0.57 0.65 0.65 0.73 0.73 0.81 0.81 0.89 0.89 0.97 0.97 1.05 1.05 * These special thickness classes were designated standard thickness classes in the 1986 edition of this standard. Note: To convert inches (in.) to millimeters (mm), multiply by 25.4. |
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Oregon Mechanical Specialty Code Published By Publication Date Number of Pages OR 2022
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CA LACountyy BuildingCode Vol1and2 2014
County of Los Angeles Building Code, Volume 1 & 2 Published By Publication Date Number…
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NJ BuildingCode 2021 1stptg
International Building Code, New Jersey Edition Published By Publication Date Number of Pages NJ 2021
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AWWA C550 2013
AWWA C550-13 Protective Interior Coatings for Valves and Hydrants Published By Publication Date Number of…
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AWWA C950 2020
AWWA C950-20 FIBERGLASS PRESSURE PIPE Published By Publication Date Number of Pages AWWA 2020 40
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Chicago Building Code Title 14B – with April 2022 Supplement:2019 Edition
Chicago Building Code Title 14B – with April 2022 Supplement Published By Publication Date Number…
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NY FuelGasCode 07 2007
Fuel Gas Code of New York State Published By Publication Date Number of Pages NY…
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OH OhioBuildingCode 2017
Ohio Building Code, 2nd Printing with August 2018 Updates & Errata 02-08-19 Published By Publication…
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AWWA C151 2023
AWWA C151 Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast Published By Publication Date Number of Pages AWWA 2023
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SC MechanicalCode 2021 1stptg
South Carolina Mechanical Code Published By Publication Date Number of Pages SC 2021 183
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CA ResidentialCode 2013
California Residential Code, Title 24 Part 2.5 (W/ ERRATA & SUPPLEMENT) Published By Publication Date…
