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BICSI 002 2019

BICSI 002 2019

$284.38

ANSI/BICSI 002-2019, Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices

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BICSI 2019
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On the edge, in the cloud, ANSI/BICSI 002-2019 does them all. ANSI/BICSI 002-2019, BICSI’s international best-seller, covers all major systems found within a data center. Written by industry professionals from all major disciplines, this standard not only lists what a data center requires, but also provides ample recommendations on the best methods of implementing a design to fulfill your specific needs. While the traditional data center continues to be the focus, the breadth of content can also be applied to modular, containerized, edge and hyperscale data centers. Additions and revisions for the 2019 version includes heat rejection and cooling systems, provisioning of Lithium-ion batteries, colocation planning, support for Open Compute Project® concepts and infrastructure, and the expansion of the commissioning process. Revision work also included refining or moving data center operations content into BICSI 009-2019. Highlights As the foundation standard for data center design, BICSI 002 features 17 chapters and 9 appendices, spread over 550 pages, covering the following and more: Design methodology Facilities, cabling, network, services, and applications Data center service outsourcing Site selection and space planning Modular and “container ” data centers Site services and hazards Traditional and open concepts Structural and architectural Electrical systems Utility to ITE power systems Standby and backup power systems DC power Mechanical systems Security and fire Architectural, electronic and physical security Fire safety for chimneys and aisle enclosures Facility and building systems DCIM IP-enabled/intelligent systems Telecommunications infrastructure Cabling media and connectivity Hot and cold aisles Cabinet airflow and cabling capacity Network infrastructure Data center commissioning & maintenance Energy efficiency Multi-site data center architecture Colocation Planning

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 BICSI International Standards
6 TABLE OF CONTENTS
20 INDEX OF FIGURES
26 INDEX OF TABLES
34 1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Purpose
1.2.1 Users Within IT
1.2.2 Users Within Facilities Group
35 1.2.3 Staff Outside IT and Facilities Groups
1.3 Categories of Criteria
2 Scope
36 3 Required Standards and Documents
40 4 Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units of Measurement
4.1 Definitions
58 4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations
60 Units of Measurement
62 5 Site Selection
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Site Evaluation
5.2.1 General Requirements
5.2.2 General Recommendations
Risk Assessment
63 5.2.4 Cost Evaluation Recommendations
5.2.5 Existing Facilities Requirements
64 5.3 Natural Hazards
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 General Requirements
5.3.3 Seismic Activity
5.3.4 Volcanic Activity
Figure 5-1 Example of a Global Seismic Hazard Map
65 Figure 5-2 Example of a Global Volcano Hazard Map
Figure 5-3 Example of a Volcano Hazard Map
66 5.3.5 Wildfire
5.3.6 Flood Plains
Figure 5-4 Example of a Global Flooding Hazard Chart
67 5.3.7 Wind
5.4 Natural Environment
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Ground Stability
Figure 5-5 Example of a Global Tornado Risk Area Map
68 5.4.3 Lightning
Figure 5-6 Example of a Lightning Flash Data Map
69 5.4.4 Groundwater
Figure 5-7 Example of a Ground Permeability Chart
5.4.5 Air Quality
70 5.4.6 Noise
5.4.7 Other Topography and Natural Environment Recommendations
5.5 Man-Made Hazards
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Recommended Separation Distances
5.5.3 Other Recommendations
71 Recommended Distances from Man-Made Elements
72 Figure 5-8 Example of Radial and Flight Path Zones for an Airport
5.6 Site Access and Location
5.6.1 Public Road Access Recommendations
73 5.6.2 Adjacent Property
5.6.3 Proximity to Existing or Redundant Data Center
5.6.4 Security and Emergency Services
5.6.5 Proximity to Skilled Labor
74 Utility Services
5.7.1 Introduction
5.7.2 Power and Electrical Service
Figure 5-9 AC Electricity Distribution from Generation Stations to Data Centers
76 Table 5-2 Utility Reliability Examples
77 5.7.3 Communications
78 5.7.4 Water Service
79 Table 5-3 Recommended On-Site Supply of Services for Data Center Facility Classes
80 5.7.5 Sanitary Sewer
5.7.6 Natural Gas and Other Fuels
81 5.8 Regulations (Local, Regional, Country)
5.8.1 Air Quality Requirements
5.8.2 Noise Requirements
5.8.3 Towers and Tall Structures Requirements
5.8.4 Fuel Tanks Requirements
5.8.5 Generator Requirements
5.8.6 Site Access and Required Parking
5.8.7 Setbacks and Sight Lines
5.8.8 Environmental Assessment
82 6 Space Planning
6.1 Overall Facility Capacity
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Module and Modular Design
83 6.2 Power Systems
6.2.1 Introduction
84 Figure 6-1 Example Module Size Decision Tree
85 Table 6-1 Example of a Module Size Design Checklist
89 6.2.2 Electric Utility Service Feeds
6.2.3 Generator Power
90 6.3 Cooling Capacity
6.3.1 Introduction
91 Table 6-2 Liquid and Air-Cooled System Options and Primary Design Parameters
6.3.2 Recommendations
92 6.3.3 Additional Information
6.4 Data Center Supporting Spaces
6.4.1 Adjacencies of Functional Spaces
93 Figure 6-2 Space Adjacencies of a Traditional Data Center
94 Figure 6-3 Space Adjacencies of Modular or Containerized Data Centers
6.4.2 Security
95 6.4.3 Telecommunications Entrance Room
96 6.4.4 Command Center
6.4.5 Helpdesk
6.4.6 Print
6.4.7 Loading Dock
97 6.4.8 Storage
6.4.9 Engineering Offices
98 6.4.10 Administrative
6.4.11 Environmental Design
6.4.12 Waste/Recycle
6.5 Placement of Equipment When Using Access Floors
6.5.1 Cooling
99 6.5.2 Power Distribution
100 6.5.3 Fire Protection Systems
6.6 Computer Room
6.6.1 Introduction
101 Telecommunications Spaces and Areas
Equipment Racks and Frames
103 Figure 6-4 Examples of an OCP Open Rack (Top View & Oblique)
104 6.6.4 Computer Room Layout
106 Figure 6-5 Example of Aisle Width with Different Cabinet Sizes
108 6.6.5 Adjacencies and Other Space Considerations
110 6.7 Design for Performance
6.7.1 Introduction
111 Data Center Metrics
112 6.7.3 Scalability
6.7.4 Instrumentation and Control
113 6.7.5 Data Center Energy Saving Design Opportunities
Data Center Energy Saving Opportunities
114 7 Architectural
7.1 Facilities Planning
7.1.1 General Overview
7.1.2 Site Selection
115 7.1.3 Data Center Location Relative to Ground Level
7.2 General Design Concepts
7.2.1 Levels of Reliability
7.2.2 Facility Purpose
116 7.2.3 Multiuser Versus Single User Groups
7.2.4 Equipment Change Cycle
7.2.5 Occupied Versus Unoccupied Data Centers
7.2.6 Data Center Location Within Building
117 7.2.7 Type of Building
7.2.8 Multitenant Buildings
7.2.9 24/7 Operation of Data Center
7.2.10 Temperature and Humidity Control
7.2.11 Materials
118 7.3 General Paths of Access
7.3.1 General Access
7.3.2 Data Center Access
7.3.3 Equipment Access
119 7.3.4 Telecommunications Access Provider Entry into Computer Rooms
7.3.5 Vendor Access
7.3.6 Support Equipment Service Access
7.4 Planning Detail
7.4.1 Entry
7.4.2 Command Center and Personnel Areas
120 7.4.3 Printer Room
7.4.4 Media Storage Room
7.4.5 Restrooms and Break Rooms
7.4.6 Computer Room
7.4.7 Entrance Rooms
121 7.4.8 Mechanical Equipment Space
7.4.9 Electrical Room and UPS Room
7.4.10 Battery Room
122 7.4.11 Fire Suppression Room
7.4.12 Circulation
7.4.13 Equipment Staging and Storage
7.4.14 Equipment Repair Room
7.5 Construction Considerations
7.5.1 Structure Preparation
7.5.2 Floor Slab
123 7.5.3 Computer Room Envelope Wall Construction
7.5.4 Nonrated Partitions
7.5.5 Vapor/Moisture Seal
7.5.6 Door and Glazed Openings
124 7.5.7 Fire-Rated Construction
7.5.8 Access Control Systems
Table 7-1 Minimum Fire Rating of Spaces
125 7.5.9 Airborne Particles
7.5.10 Access Flooring Systems
126 Table 7-2 Computer Room Access Floor Performance Specifications
128 7.5.11 Ceilings
Table 7-3 Suspended Ceiling Infrastructure Mounting Recommendations
129 7.5.12 Equipment Bracing Systems
7.5.13 Computer Room Finishes
7.5.14 Roof Systems
130 8 Structural
8.1 Building Code Compliance and Coordination
8.1.1 Requirements
8.1.2 Additional Information
8.2 Impact of Site Location on Structural Loading
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Recommendations
8.3 Structural Concerns Specific to Data Center Design
8.3.1 Floor Load
131 8.3.2 Raised Access Floors
Mission Critical Equipment in Seismically Active Areas
132 8.3.4 Wind
8.3.5 Earthquake
133 8.3.6 Blast and Terrorist Attack
8.3.7 Ice Shard Impact
134 9 Electrical Systems
9.1 Overview
9.1.1 Introduction
9.1.2 Requirements
9.1.3 Availability and Uptime
135 9.1.4 Redundancy
9.1.5 Capacity Versus Utilization Efficiency
136 Table 9-1 Design Efficiency Ratios
137 9.1.6 Electrical Class Ratings
138 Figure 9-1 Class F0 Electrical Concept Diagram (Configuration Without Backup/Alternate Power)
Table 9-2 Class F0 Electrical System Overview
139 Class F1 Electrical System Overview
Figure 9-2 Class F1 Electrical Concept Diagram
140 Class F2 Electrical System Overview
Figure 9-3 Class F2 Concept Diagram
141 Class F3 Electrical System Overview
142 Figure 9-4 Class F3 Single Utility Source with Two Utility Inputs
143 Figure 9-5 Class F3 Single Utility Source with Single Utility Input
144 Figure 9-6 Class F3 Electrical Topology (xN Or Distributed Redundant)
145 Class F4 Electrical System Overview
146 Figure 9-7 Class F4 Electrical Topology (System-Plus-System)
147 Figure 9-8 Class F4 Electrical Topology (xN Or Distributed Redundant)
149 Figure 9-9 Class F3 Single Utility Source with Two Utility Inputs “Catcher” System
150 Figure 9-10 Class F4 2(N+1) Electrical Topology with Dual Utility Inputs
151 9.2 Utility Service
9.2.1 Utility Service Planning
152 9.2.2 Low-Voltage Utility Services
Table 9-7 Low-Voltage Distribution Voltages in Some Major Data Center Locations
153 9.2.3 Medium-Voltage and High-Voltage Utility Services
9.2.4 Protective Relaying
9.3 Distribution
9.3.1 Requirements
154 9.3.2 UPS Rectifier or Motor Inputs
9.3.3 Static Switch Bypass Inputs
9.3.4 UPS System Bypass
9.3.5 Input Source Transfer
155 Figure 9-11 Example ATS Sizes
156 9.3.6 Generator Controls and Paralleling
157 9.3.7 Unit Substations
9.3.8 UPS Systems
158 Figure 9-12 Single-Module UPS with Internal Static Bypass and Maintenance Bypass from the Same Source
159 Figure 9-13 Single-Module UPS with Inputs to Rectifier, Static Bypass, and Maintenance Bypass from the Same Source
160 Figure 9-14 Multiple-Module UPS with Inputs to Rectifier and Maintenance Bypass from Same Source – Centralized Static Bypass
161 Figure 9-15 Multiple-Module UPS with Inputs to Rectifier and Maintenance Bypass from Same Source – Paralleled Installation
162 Figure 9-16 Single-Module UPS Bypass – Alternate Bypass Source – Input to Rectifier from Primary Source; Inputs to Static Bypass and Maintenance Bypass from a Second Source
Figure 9-17 Multiple-Module UPS Bypass – Alternate Bypass Sources – Inputs to Rectifiers from Primary Source; Inputs to Static Bypass and Maintenance Bypass from a Second Source
163 Figure 9-18 Single-Module UPS Bypass – Multiple Bypass Sources – Inputs to Rectifier and Static Bypass from Primary Source and Input to Maintenance Bypass from a Second Source
164 Figure 9-19 Multiple-Module UPS Bypass – Multiple Bypass Sources – Inputs to Rectifiers and Static Bypass from Primary Source, and Input to Maintenance Bypass from a Second Source
Figure 9-20 Topology Inside an UPS Unit
165 Table 9-8 Static Bypass Switch Input, By Availability Class
166 9.3.9 UPS Output Distribution
Table 9-9 Summary of UPS Output Switchboard Counts for Classes
167 9.3.10 Power Distribution Units (PDUs)
168 Figure 9-21 An Example of an Approach to UPS Output Switchboard Load Management
169 Table 9-10 Transformer Wirings and Output Voltages Commonly Used in Data Centers
Figure 9-22 PDU Configuration: Single-Corded and PolyCorded Devices
170 9.3.11 Automatic Static Transfer Switches
9.3.12 Power Strips
Figure 9-23 Example of a Power Strip for Mounting in ITE Cabinets
171 9.3.13 Direct Current (DC) Power Systems
Figure 9-24 Automatic Static Transfer Switches
174 Busway Power Distribution
175 9.3.15 Computer Room Equipment Power Distribution
177 Table 9-11 Multipliers for Electrical Distribution System Components
178 Figure 9-25 System Capacities at Various Stages of the Electrical Distribution System
179 Figure 9-26 Class F0 and F1 Circuit Mapping
180 Figure 9-27 Class F2 Circuit Mapping
182 Figure 9-28 Class F3 Circuit Mapping (Manual Operations)
183 Figure 9-29 Class F3 Circuit Mapping (Automated Operations)
184 Figure 9-30 Class F4 Circuit Mapping
185 Figure 9-31 Class F3 50 to 600 VDC Circuit Mapping
Figure 9-32 Class F4 50 to 600 VDC Circuit Mapping
186 9.3.16 Emergency Power Off (EPO) Systems
187 Figure 9-33 Example Organization of an EPO System
188 Fault Current Protection and Fault Discrimination
9.4 Mechanical Equipment Support
9.4.1 Introduction
189 Figure 9-34 Sample Power Circuits for a Class F3 Mechanical System
Figure 9-35 Sample Power Circuits for a Class F4 Mechanical System
190 9.4.2 Requirements
9.4.3 Recommendations
191 9.5 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems
9.5.1 Introduction
192 9.5.2 Sizing and Application
194 9.5.3 Technologies
196 9.5.4 Paralleling and Controls
197 9.5.5 Batteries and Stored Energy Systems
201 Types and Applications of Li-ion Batteries
202 Table 9-13 Battery Standards Cross-Reference Table (IEEE Standard Number)
203 9.6 Standby and Emergency Power Systems
9.6.1 Sizing and Application
205 9.6.2 Starting Systems
9.6.3 Fuel Systems
206 9.6.4 Fuel Tank and Piping
9.6.5 Exhaust Systems
9.6.6 Cooling Systems
207 9.6.7 Mounting
9.7 Automation and Control
9.7.1 Introduction
9.7.2 Monitoring
Table 9-14 Class Requirements for Temperature Sensors
208 9.7.3 Control
9.7.4 System Integration
9.8 Lighting
9.8.1 Introduction
209 9.8.2 General Recommendations
9.8.3 Computer Rooms
210 9.8.4 Support Areas
9.9 Bonding, Grounding, Lightning Protection, and Surge Suppression
9.9.1 Introduction
212 Figure 9-36 Example Critical Facility Bonding and Grounding Diagram for Class F2 and Lower
213 Figure 9-37 Example of Critical Facility Bonding and Grounding Diagram for Class F3
214 Figure 9-38 Example Class F4 Bonding and Grounding Diagram (Two MGB and Two Entrance Facilities)
215 9.9.2 General Recommendations
216 9.9.3 Lightning Protection
9.9.4 Surge Suppression/Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)
217 Table 9-15 SPD Locations as per Class
218 9.9.5 Telecommunications Surge Protection
219 9.9.6 Building Ground (Electrode) Ring
9.9.7 Supplementary Bonding and Grounding
220 Figure 9-39 Typical Data Center Grounding Schema (shown with raised floor)
222 Figure 9-40 Typical Configuration of Flat Strip-Type SBG Within a Mesh-BN
Figure 9-41 Adjacent Rolls Of Flat-Strip-Type SBG Being Exothermically-Welded Together
223 Grounding and Bonding Connection Schedule
Figure 9-42 Data Center Grounding Infrastructure (Room Level) Example
224 Figure 9-43 Example of Equipment Rack Bonding to a Mesh-BN
225 Figure 9-44 Examples of Inappropriate Equipment Rack Bonding to a Mesh-BN
9.9.8 Information Technology Equipment Interconnections
226 Figure 9-45 Examples of a Rack Bonding Conductor and Rack Grounding Busbar Mounting
227 Figure 9-46 Example of Bonding of Cabinet Side Panel and Door
228 9.9.9 Power System Bonding and Grounding
229 Figure 9-47 Telecommunications Bonding and Grounding Infrastructure
230 Figure 9-48 Similarity of Recommended Grounding for AC and DC Power Systems and Load Equipment
231 Figure 9-49 DC Power System Showing a Single-Point Grounded Return
Figure 9-50 Information Technology Equipment Showing Grounding of DC Power Input (Return Is Insulated)
232 Figure 9-51 Common Bonding Network
Figure 9-52 Isolated (Insulated) Bonding Network
233 9.10 Labeling and Signage
9.10.1 Introduction
9.10.2 Requirements
234 9.10.3 Recommendations
Figure 9-53 Sample Equipment Nameplate
Figure 9-54 Example Arc Flash Warning Label (United States)
235 Testing and Quality Assurance
9.11.1 Requirements
9.11.2 Recommendations
9.12 Ongoing Operations
9.12.1 Recommendations
9.13 Electrical Systems Matrix
236 Electrical Systems Availability Classes
254 10 Mechanical Systems
10.1 Codes, References and Terminology
10.1.1 Code Compliance and Coordination
10.1.2 References
Section 10 Text References
10.1.3 Terminology Differences Between Codes and Telecommunications Standards
255 Selection of Heat Rejection Systems
10.2.1 Temperature and Humidity Requirements
10.2.2 Equipment Heat Release and Airflow Specifications
256 Control of Airborne Contaminants (Gases and Particles)
257 10.3 Heat Rejection and Computer Room Cooling Technologies
Introduction
10.3.2 Requirements for All Heat Rejection and Cooling Systems
10.3.3 Recommendations for All Heat Rejection and Cooling Systems
10.3.4 Fluid Based Heat Rejection and Cooling Systems
258 Figure 10-1 Chiller with Evaporative Condenser Heat Rejection System
259 Figure 10-2 Air-Cooled Condenser Heat Rejection System
260 Figure 10-3 Air-Cooled Chiller Heat Rejection System
261 Figure 10-4 Evaporative Condenser Heat Rejection System
262 Figure 10-5 Natural Water Heat Rejection System
263 Figure 10-6 Computer Room Air Handler Cooling System
264 Figure 10-7 Close Coupled Cooling System
265 Figure 10-8 Liquid Cooling ITE Cooling System
266 Figure 10-9 Row Integrated Cooling Systems
267 10.3.5 Direct Expansion Cooling Systems
268 Figure 10-10 Direct Expansion Computer Room Air Handler Cooling System
269 Figure 10-11 Direct Expansion Integrated Cooling System
270 Figure 10-12 Direct Expansion Closed Cabinet Cooling System
271 10.3.6 Air-Side Economizer Systems
272 Figure 10-13 Direct Air-Side Economizer
273 Figure 10-14 Indirect Air-Side Economizer
274 10.3.7 Dual Coil Cooling Solution
10.4 Mechanical Class Ratings
10.4.1 Introduction
10.4.2 Class F0 and F1 Description
Table 10-2 Class F0 and F1 Mechanical System Overview
275 Figure 10-15 Class F0 and F1 Chiller System Example
276 Figure 10-16 Class F0 and F1 Direct Expansion System Example
10.4.3 Class F2 Description
Table 10-3 Class F2 Mechanical System Overview
277 Figure 10-17 Class F2 Chiller System Example
278 Figure 10-18 Class F2 Direct Expansion System Example
10.4.4 Class F3 Description
Table 10-4 Class F3 Mechanical System Overview
279 Figure 10-19 Class F3 Chiller System Example
280 Figure 10-20 Class F3 Direct Expansion System Example
10.4.5 Class F4 Description
Table 10-5 Class F4 Mechanical System Overview
281 Figure 10-21 Class F4 Chiller System Example
282 Figure 10-22 Class F4 Direct Expansion System Example
Figure 10-23 Valve Configuration Example for Pumps in Class F4 System (Shown in Figure 10-21)
283 10.4.6 Chiller Piping and Valve Redundancy
Figure 10-24 Class F3 Piping and Valve Redundancy Example
284 Figure 10-25 Class F4 Piping and Valve Redundancy Example
285 10.5 Air Flow Management
General Considerations
10.5.2 Introduction to Air Flow Management
286 10.5.3 Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle Concept
287 10.5.4 Access Floor Air Distribution
288 10.5.5 Overhead Air Distribution
10.5.6 RowIntegrated Cooling
289 10.5.7 Equipment Layout
10.5.8 Supply Air Layout
10.5.9 Return Air Layout
10.5.10 Cable Management
10.6 Ventilation (Outside Air)
290 10.6.1 Computer Rooms
10.6.2 Battery Rooms
291 Other Design Considerations
10.7.1 Humidity Control
10.7.2 Maximum Altitude
10.7.3 Noise Levels
10.7.4 Supplemental Cooling
293 10.8 Mechanical Equipment (Design and Operation) Recommendations
10.8.1 General Recommendations
10.8.2 Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) and Computer Room Air Handling (CRAH) Units
10.8.3 Chilled Water Systems
294 10.8.4 Chillers
10.8.5 Cooling Towers
10.8.6 Adiabatic Cooling and Humidification
10.8.7 Thermal Storage
295 10.8.8 Piping and Pumps
10.8.9 Leak Detection
10.8.10 Water Supplies and Drainage
296 10.8.11 Materials in Air Plenums
298 11 Fire Protection
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Basic Design Elements
11.3 General Requirements and Recommendations
11.3.1 Requirements
299 11.3.2 Recommendations
11.4 Walls, Floors, and Ceilings
11.4.1 Requirements
11.5 Aisle Containment
11.5.1 Introduction
300 11.5.2 Aisle Containment Construction and Materials
11.5.3 Detection Systems in Contained Spaces
11.5.4 Suppression Systems in Contained Spaces
301 11.5.5 Additional Information
Figure 11-1 Variations of Air Flow in a Data Center with Aisle Containment
302 11.6 Handheld Fire Extinguishers
11.6.1 Requirements
11.6.2 Recommendations
11.7 Fire Detection
11.7.1 Area Requirements
Table 11-1 Recommended Detection Systems for Data Center Spaces
303 11.7.2 Detector Technology
304 11.7.3 Early Warning Detection Systems
11.8 Fire Suppression
11.8.1 Water Sprinkler Systems
305 Recommended Sprinkler Systems for Data Center Spaces
306 11.8.2 Gaseous Fire Suppression
307 Oxygen Depletion Systems
308 Fire Alarm Systems
11.9.1 Introduction
Figure 11-2 Basic Fire Alarm System
309 Requirements
11.9.3 Additional Information
11.10 Labeling and Signage
11.10.1 Requirements
11.10.2 Recommendations
11.11 Testing and Quality Assurance
11.11.1 Requirements
11.11.2 Recommendations
11.12 Ongoing Operations
11.12.1 Requirements
11.12.2 Recommendations
310 12 Security
12.1 Introduction
Figure 12-1 Security Measures
311 12.2 Definitions
Figure 12-2 Security Layers
312 12.3 Data Center Security Plan
12.3.1 Introduction
12.3.2 Recommendations
313 12.3.3 Physical Security Plan
12.3.4 IT/Cyber Security Plan
12.3.5 Disaster Recovery Plan
12.3.6 Emergency and Other Required Plans
314 12.4 Design and the Data Center Security Plan
12.4.1 Introduction
12.4.2 General
12.4.3 Access Control
315 12.4.4 Signage and Display Policy and Procedures
12.4.5 Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression
12.4.6 Monitoring and Alarms Policy and Procedures
316 12.4.7 Material Control and Loss Prevention
12.4.8 Surveillance Policy and Procedure
12.5 Building Site Considerations
12.5.1 Introduction
12.5.2 General Recommendations
317 12.5.3 Lighting
Table 12-1 Minimum Lighting Levels
12.5.4 Perimeter Fencing and Barriers
318 12.5.5 Automotive Threats and Concerns
319 12.5.6 Threat History
12.5.7 Natural Threats and Concerns
12.5.8 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives
320 12.5.9 Medical Disasters and Epidemics
12.5.10 Crime Prevention Through Environment Design
321 12.6 Data Center Elements
12.6.1 Barriers
322 Table 12-2 Thickness of Concrete Wall for Projectile Protection
323 Table 12-3 Vehicle Barrier Comparison
324 Table 12-4 Speed Of Concrete Wall Penetration
325 Table 12-5 Time to Penetrate Industrial Pedestrian Doors
326 Table 12-6 Time to Penetrate Windows
330 12.6.2 Lighting
331 12.6.3 Access Control
Figure 12-3 Levels of Access Control
336 Figure 12-4 Example of an Access Control System Topology
339 12.6.4 Alarms
340 12.6.5 Surveillance
342 Time Synchronization
343 12.7 Building Shell
12.7.1 General Recommendations
344 12.7.2 Doorways and Windows
12.7.3 Signage and Displays
12.7.4 Construction
12.7.5 Elevators
345 12.7.6 Emergency Exits
12.7.7 Utilities
12.7.8 Hazardous Material Storage
Computer Room and Critical Facility Areas Special Considerations
12.8.1 General
346 Construction
12.8.3 Eavesdropping
12.8.4 Media
12.8.5 Fire Prevention
12.8.6 Dust
347 12.9 Disaster Recovery Plan
12.9.1 Introduction
12.9.2 Requirements
12.9.3 Recommendations
349 12.9.4 Security Plan and Disaster Recovery
350 Facility, Ancillary and IP-enabled Systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 General Requirements
13.2.1 Spaces
13.2.2 Cabling and Cabling Infrastructure
13.2.3 Enclosures
General Recommendations
13.4 Data Center Infrastructure Management
13.4.1 Introduction
351 13.4.2 Recommendations
Figure 13-1 Example DCIM Architecture
352 13.5 Facility Systems
13.5.1 Introduction
13.5.2 General Requirements
13.5.3 Building Automation and Management Systems
354 Lighting
13.6 Electronic Safety and Security Systems
13.6.1 Introduction
13.6.2 Cabling Infrastructure
Wireless Systems
356 14 Telecommunications Cabling, Infrastructure, Pathways and Spaces
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Telecommunications Cabling Infrastructure Classes
14.2.1 Introduction
357 14.2.2 Class C0 and C1 Telecommunications Infrastructure
Table 14-1 Class C0 and C1 Overview
14.2.3 Class C2 Telecommunications Infrastructure
Table 14-2 Class C2 Overview
358 Figure 14-1 Class C0 and C1 Concept Diagram
359 Figure 14-2 Class C2 Concept Diagram
360 14.2.4 Class C3 Telecommunications Infrastructure
Table 14-3 Class C3 Overview
361 Figure 14-3 Class C3 Concept Diagram
362 14.2.5 Class C4 Telecommunications Infrastructure
Table 14-4 Class C4 Overview
363 Figure 14-4 Class C4 Concept Diagram
364 14.3 Cabling Topology
14.3.1 Introduction
14.3.2 Horizontal Cabling Topology
14.3.3 Backbone Cabling Topology
14.3.4 Accommodation of Non-Star Configurations
14.3.5 Redundant Cabling Topologies
365 Figure 14-5 Data Center Cabling Topology Example
366 Low Latency Topology
Figure 14-6 Example of a Fabric Architecture with Redundancy
14.4 Data Center Spaces for Telecommunications
14.4.1 Introduction
367 14.4.2 Design and Structural Requirements
14.4.3 Entrance Rooms
368 14.4.4 Main Distribution Area (MDA)
369 14.4.5 Intermediate Distribution Area (IDA)
14.4.6 Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA)
14.4.7 Zone Distribution Area (ZDA)
14.4.8 Equipment Distribution Area (EDA)
370 14.5 Outside Plant Cabling Infrastructure
14.5.1 Underground Service Pathways
14.5.2 Aerial Service Pathways
371 14.6 Access Providers
14.6.1 Access Provider Coordination
372 14.6.2 Redundancy
14.6.3 Access Provider Demarcation
373 Figure 14-7 Cross-Connection Circuits to IDC Connecting Hardware Cabled to Modular Jacks in the T568A 8Pin Sequence
Figure 14-8 Cross-Connection Circuits to IDC Connecting Hardware Cabled to Modular Jacks in the T568B 8Pin Sequence
376 14.7 Telecommunications Cabling Pathways
14.7.1 General
Table 14-5 Maximum Cable Stacking Height in Cabling Pathways
377 14.7.2 Security
14.7.3 Separation of Power and Telecommunications Cabling
378 14.7.4 Cable Tray Support Systems
380 14.8 Backbone Cabling
14.8.1 Introduction
14.8.2 General Requirements
14.8.3 General Recommendations
14.8.4 Cabling Types
381 14.8.5 Redundant Backbone Cabling
14.8.6 Backbone Cabling Length Limitations
382 14.8.7 Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling
Figure 14-9 Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Example
383 14.9 Horizontal Cabling
14.9.1 Introduction
14.9.2 Zone Outlets, Consolidation Points, and Local Distribution Points
384 14.9.3 Redundant Horizontal Cabling
14.9.4 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling
14.9.5 Optical Fiber Cabling
385 Table 14-6 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Channel Performance
Optical Fiber Cable Performance by Type
387 14.9.6 Horizontal Cabling Length Limitations
14.9.7 Shared Sheath Guidelines
388 14.10 Cabling Installation
14.10.1 General Requirements
14.10.2 Cable Management
390 14.10.3 Bend Radius and Pulling Tension Guidelines
Table 14-8 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cable Bend Radius and Pulling Tension
391 Table 14-9 Optical Fiber Cable Bend Radius and Pulling Tension
14.10.4 Abandoned Cable
14.10.5 Cleaning of Optical Fiber Connectors
394 14.11 Field Testing Data Center Telecommunications Cabling
14.11.1 Introduction
395 14.11.2 Installation Conformance
14.11.3 100ohm Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Field Testing
396 Figure 14-10 Permanent Link Example
Figure 14-11 Channel Model Example
397 Balanced Twisted-Pair Field Testing
398 14.11.4 Optical Fiber Cabling Field Testing
400 Reference Jumper Repeatability Allowance
401 Common IEEE Applications Using Multimode Optical Fiber Cabling
Table 14-13 Common IEEE Applications Using Singlemode Optical Fiber Cabling
402 Common Fibre Channel Applications Using Optical Fiber Cabling
403 14.12 Telecommunications and Computer Cabinets and Racks
14.12.1 Introduction
Table 14-15 Alternative Rack Specifications
14.12.2 Requirements and Recommendations
404 14.12.3 Cabinet and Rack Configurations
406 14.12.4 Cabinet Airflow and Cabling Capacity
Figure 14-12 Blanking Panels Installed in Empty RUs
Table 14-16 Example of Cabinet Depth Guidelines
407 Figure 14-13 Cabinet Aperture Opening
409 Figure 14-14 Illustration of Components for Cable Capacity Formulae
412 14.12.5 Cabinet and Rack Installations
Figure 14-15 Cabinets Are Identified and Labeled
413 Table 14-17 Available Space for Calculating Cabinet Vertical Cable Capacity
414 Figure 14-16 Example of Labeled Termination Ports and Equipment Cords
415 Figure 14-17 Effect Of Internal Hot Air Recirculation
Figure 14-18 How Reducing Internal Hot Air Recirculation Reduces Input Air Temperature
Figure 14-19 Gasket Seals Off Access Floor Tile Cutout In Vertical Cable Manager
Figure 14-20 Brush Grommet Seals Access Floor Tile Cutout
417 Figure 14-21 Illustration of Securing Cabinets and Racks on an Access Floor to a Concrete Slab Using Threaded Rod and Steel Channel
14.12.6 Thermal Management in Cabinets
418 Figure 14-22 Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle Cabinet Layout
419 14.13 Telecommunications Cabling, Pathways, and Spaces Administration
14.13.1 General
420 14.13.2 Identification Conventions for Data Center Components
Figure 14-23 Room Grid Coordinate System Example
422 14.13.3 Records
423 14.13.4 Automated Infrastructure Management
424 Figure 14-24 Automated Infrastructure Management Interconnection Configuration Example
Figure 14-25 Automated Infrastructure Management Cross-Connection Configuration Example
426 15 Information Technology
15.1 Network Infrastructure Reliability
15.1.1 Overview
15.1.2 Network Infrastructure Availability Classes
427 Table 15-1 Tactics for Class N0 and N1
428 Table 15-2 Tactics for Class N2
429 Table 15-3 Tactics for Class N3
Table 15-4 Tactics for Class N4
432 15.2 Computer Room Layout
15.2.1 Introduction
15.2.2 Equipment Configuration for Efficiency
15.2.3 Connectivity Panel Distribution
433 Figure 15-5 Simple Connection Topology
Figure 15-6 Sample Zone Distribution Topology
434 Switch Placement
435 Figure 15-8 Centralized Switch Schematic
Figure 15-9 End-of-Row Switch Schematic
436 15.2.5 Material Storage
Figure 15-10 Top-of-Rack Switch Schematic
437 15.3 Operations Center
15.3.1 Monitoring of Building Systems
15.3.2 Location
15.3.3 Channel and Console Cabling
439 15.3.4 KVM Switches
Communications for Network Personnel
15.4.1 Wired/Wireless/Hands-Free Voice Communications
440 Figure 15-11 No Radio Zone Around Suppression Tank Room
441 15.4.2 Wireless Network for Portable Maintenance Equipment
15.4.3 Zone Paging
15.5 Network Security for Facility and IT Networks
15.5.1 Overview
442 Figure 15-12 Example of Facility & IT Network Topology
15.5.2 Requirements
443 15.5.3 Recommendations
15.6 Disaster Recovery
15.6.1 Introduction
15.6.2 Onsite Data Center Redundancy
15.6.3 Offsite Data Storage
444 15.6.4 Colocation Facility
15.6.5 Mirroring and Latency
445 15.6.6 Data Center System Failures
446 16 Commissioning
16.1 General
16.1.1 Introduction
Terminology
448 Types of Commissioning
16.3.1 New Building
16.3.2 Existing Building
449 Personnel and Responsibilities
16.4.1 Project Owner
16.4.2 Design Team (DT)
16.4.3 Commissioning Agent
451 Contractor and Subcontractor
16.4.5 Operation and Maintenance Staff (O&M)
16.5 Phases of the Commissioning Process
16.5.1 Overview
452 Figure 16-1 General Commissioning Phases Flow Chart
16.5.2 Program Phase
453 Figure 16-2 Pre-Design Commissioning Phase Flow Chart
16.5.3 Design Phase
454 Figure 16-3 Design Commissioning Phase Flow Chart
16.5.4 Construction & Acceptance Phase
455 Figure 16-4 Construction Commissioning Phase Flow Chart
16.5.5 Occupancy and Operations Phase
456 Figure 16-5 Occupancy and Operations Commissioning Phase Flow Chart
16.6 Commissioning Documents
16.6.1 Introduction
457 Table 16-1 Commissioning Documentation Matrix
458 16.6.2 Owner Project Requirements (OPRs)
459 16.6.3 Feasibility Commissioning Study
16.6.4 Project Schedule
16.6.5 Commissioning Plan
460 Incident Registration Log
16.6.7 Basis of Design (BoD)
16.6.8 Comments on Design Reviews
461 Construction Specifications for Commissioning
16.6.10 Building Operations Manual (BOM)
16.6.11 Guidelines for O&M Training According to Specifications
16.6.12 List of Test Equipment and Functional Checklist
16.6.13 Compliance Technical Data Sheets (Submittals)
462 16.6.14 O&M Manual Operation and Maintenance of Systems
16.6.15 List of Equipment
16.6.16 Coordination of Systems Building Plans
16.6.17 Test Procedures
463 16.6.18 Agendas and Minutes of Commissioning Meetings
16.6.19 Training Plan
16.6.20 Maintenance Plan
16.6.21 Seasonal Testing Procedures
16.6.22 Commissioning Process Report
464 Continuous Commissioning Plan
16.7 Testing
16.7.1 Introduction
16.7.2 Functional Testing Components
16.7.3 Functional Testing Procedures
16.7.4 Testing Equipment
465 16.7.5 System Testing
16.7.6 Acceptance Testing
466 16.7.7 Electrical System Testing Example
16.8 System Training for Client Staff
Overview
467 16.8.2 Training Schedules
Position or Task Training
470 17 Data Center Maintenance
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Maintenance Plans
Introduction
17.2.2 Maintenance Philosophies
471 17.2.3 Recommendations
472 17.2.4 Additional Information
17.3 System Maintenance
17.3.1 General Requirements and Recommendations
17.3.2 Electrical Systems Maintenance
473 17.3.3 HVAC and Mechanical Systems Maintenance
474 17.3.4 Telecommunication Cabling and Infrastructure Maintenance
17.3.5 IT Equipment and Systems Maintenance
475 17.3.6 Data Center and Building System Maintenance
17.4 Maintenance Recordkeeping
17.4.1 Recommendations
476 17.5 Service Contracts
17.5.1 Recommendations
17.5.2 Example ESS Service Contract Provisions
478 Appendix A Design Process (Informative)
A.1 Introduction
Figure A-1 Traditional A/E Design Process
479 Figure A-2 Data Center A/E Design Process
480 A.2 Project Delivery Methods
481 A.3 Facility Design Phases
483 A.4 Technology Design Phases
484 A.5 Commissioning
A.6 Data Center Documentation
485 Existing Facility Assessments
486 Appendix B Reliability and Availability (Informative)
B.1 Introduction
487 B.2 Creating MissionCritical Data Centers Overview
Figure B-1 Planning Process for a MissionCritical Facility
488 B.3 Risk Analysis
B.4 Availability
489 B.5 Determining the Data Center Availability Class
490 Figure B-2 Relationship of Factors in Data Center Services Availability Class
Table B-1 Identifying Operational Requirements: Time Available for Planned Maintenance Shutdown
491 Identifying Operational Availability Rating: Maximum Annual Downtime (Availability %)
492 Table B-3 Classifying the Impact of Downtime on the Mission
Table B-4 Determining Data Center Services Availability Class
B.6 Data Center Availability Classes
493 Table B-5 Tactics for Class 0
Table B-6 Tactics for Class 1
494 Table B-7 Tactics for Class 2
Table B-8 Tactics for Class 3
495 Table B-9 Tactics for Class 4
B.7 Availability Class Sub Groups
496 B.8 Reliability Aspects of Availability Planning
Figure B-3 Sample Reliability Calculation
497 Table B-10 Relationship Between Availability Percentage and Allowable Downtime
B.9 Other Factors
Figure B-4 Continuous Improvement Cycle
498 Other Reliability Alternatives
B.11 Reliability Planning Worksheet
502 Appendix C Alignment of Data Center Services Reliability with Application and System Architecture (Informative)
C.1 Overview
C.2 Application Reliability
503 Table C-1 Tactics for Class A0 and A1
Figure C-1 Class A0 and A1 Application Architecture
504 Table C-2 Tactics for Class A2
Figure C-2 Class A2 Application Architecture
505 Table C-3 Tactics for Class A3 and A4
Figure C-3 Class A3 and A4 Application Architecture
506 C.3 Data Processing and Storage Systems Reliability
Table C-4 Tactics for Class S0 and S1
507 Figure C-4 Class S0 and S1 Systems Architecture
Table C-5 Tactics for Class S2
Figure C-5 Class S2 Systems Architecture
508 Table C-6 Tactics for Class S3
Figure C-6 Class S3 Systems Architecture
509 Table C-7 Tactics for Class S4
Figure C-7 Class S4 Systems Architecture
510 Appendix D Data Center Services Outsourcing Models (Informative)
D.1 Data Center Services Outsourcing Models
D.2 Data Center Services Outsourcing Model Comparison
511 Figure D-1 Outsourcing Model Matrix
D.3 Public Cloud Services
512 D.4 Outsourcing Model Decision Tree
513 Figure D-2 Outsourcing Decision Tree
514 Appendix E Multi-Data Center Architecture (Informative)
E.1 Overview
Figure E-1 Reliability Framework Across All Service Layers
515 E.2 High Availability In-House Multi-Data Center Architecture Example
Figure E-2 Multi-Data Center Class 3 Example
516 E.3 Private Cloud Multi-Data Center Architecture Examples
Figure E-3 Multi-Data Center Class 3 Example With Three Class 2 Facilities
517 Figure E-4 Multi-Data Center Class 4 Example with Four Class 2 Facilities
518 Appendix F Examples of Testing Documentation (Informative)
F.1 Introduction
F.2 Example of PDU Testing
522 F.3 Example of UPS and Diesel Generator Testing
536 Appendix G Design for Energy Efficiency (Informative)
G.1 Introduction
Figure G-1 Example of Data Center Electricity Utilization
537 G.2 Design for Efficiency
538 G.3 Efficiency Content of BICSI 002-2019
540 Appendix H Colocation Technical Planning (Informative)
H.1 Introduction
H.2 Administrative
H.3 Floor Plan
H.4 Ceiling Height
541 Movement of Equipment
H.6 Floor Loading
H.7 Cabinets
542 Meet-Me Rooms (MMRs) / Point-of-Presence Rooms (POPs)
H.9 Cabling to MMR/POP Rooms
543 Cabling within Cage/Suite
H.11 Power
H.12 Physical Security
544 Storage and Staging
H.14 Loading Dock
H.15 Work Rules and Procedures
546 Appendix I Related Documents (Informative)

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