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BICSI ITSIMM 8 v2 2022

$130.00

Information Technology Systems Installation Methods Manual (ITSIMM), 8th Edition

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BICSI 2022 1099
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The ITSIMM 8th edition is the BICSI installerā€™s cabling pathway to success in the quickly evolving ICT industry! The manual is packed with current cabling information that is sure to help installers and technicians perform at the top of their game. The ITSIMM 8th is comprised of 11 updated chapters ranging from structured cabling systems to retrofits and upgrades, with all updated ICT cabling information within its 1072 pages. Significant changes have been made to the 8th edition including: Optical fiber and copper cable media types to include current Category/Class designations for copper cable and OM/OS designations for optical fiber cable. Information related to premise passive optical networks (PONs) and centralized optical fiber cabling. Tables and information related to conduit fill requirements based on current applicable codes. Information related to installations involving utility columns and microduct. Information specific to data center installations. Information concerning project management, including obtaining applicable information and documents prior to beginning an installation project, conducting site surveys, required project documentation, project meetings, and material handling and storage. Information related to applications such as voice over internet protocol (VoIP), and unified communications, and modular plug terminated link (MPTL) implementation. Information related to specialty system installation, such as building management systems (BMs), electronic safety and security systems (ESS) and wireless systems. Information and procedures for developing job plans and conducting site surveys based on industry best practices, additional information on requirements for coordination with other trades and disciplines. Information on cutover procedures. Information on safety considerations, including additional information on personal protective equipment (PPE), typical safety hazards present on a work site, and safety planning procedures. Information concerning retrofits and upgrades, including current ICT technologies and applications. Inclusion of first-ever ITSIMM color photographs and graphics to illustrate installation components, procedures, and methodologies applicable to ICT installation activities. Added information regarding compliance with physically challenged person access and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements. Added information on professionalism topics, including ethics, conduct, licensing and certification, appearance, and communication skills. General updates to reflect current applicable codes, standards and industry best practices. Updated Appendix A information concerning project specifications per the current version of CSI MasterFormatĀ® organization. Inclusion of a new Installation-specific glossary, symbols, and acronyms/abbreviation listings. The ITSIMM, 8th edition, is comprised of 11 chapters, three appendices, a detailed and comprehensive glossary and chapter-specific bibliography: Principles of Transmission Structured Cabling Systems General Safety Practices Space Preparation and Cabling Support Systems Cable Installation Testing Cable and Troubleshooting Firestopping Practices Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) and Electrical Protection Specialty Systems Installation Project Management Retrofits and Upgrades Appendices Codes, Standards, Regulations and Organizations Legal Considerations Project Documentation Examples Who Should Purchase? Cabling installers and their employers Students of BICSI installation courses Those working to achieve any of the BICSI Installer or Technician credentials

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 ITSIM 8th Edition
2 Preface
6 WARNING
7 Letter
8 Acknowledgments
19 In Memoriam
20 About BICSI… Advancing Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
BICSI Vision Statement
BICSI Mission Statement
BICSI 2021 Board of Directors
21 International Credentials
22 Become a BICSI Member!
Member Benefits
Gain the Competitive Edge!
Fast Access to Information
Member Discounts
Educational Conferences
Technical Publications
23 Join BICSI Today!
24 BICSI Policy for Numeric Representation of Units of Measurement
25 Interpretation of Directive Language
26 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
27 Readerā€™s Comment Form
28 Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
B
29 C
30 D
E
F
31 G
H
I
32 K
L
M
33 N
O
34 P
35 R
S
36 T
U
37 V
W
38 Units of Measurement
41 Symbols
42 Table of Contents
47 Figures
59 Tables
62 Chapter 1 – Principles of Transmission
64 Table of Contents
66 Figures
67 Tables
68 Principles of Transmission
Introduction
69 Terminology
Alternating Current (ac) and Direct Current (dc)
70 Electromagnetics
71 Frequency
Power, Current, and Voltage
73 Signal
74 Digital Transmissions
75 Analog to Digital Conversion
Analog and Digital Technologies
Megahertz (MHz) and Megabits (Mb)
76 Bandwidth
Decibel (dB)
78 Copper Cabling Media
Overview
American Wire Gauge (AWG)
80 Physical Properties
Resistance
81 Inductance
82 Capacitance
83 Impedance (Z)
84 Insertion Loss (Attenuation)
Cabling Media Properties
Return Loss
85 Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP)
86 Connectors
87 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cable
Overview
Cable Construction
Insulation
88 Pair Twist
Screened/Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
90 Nonconductive Isolation Wrap
Cabling Performance Classification
91 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cable Jacket Listing Designations
92 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Properties
Crosstalk
95 Propagation Delay
Delay Skew
96 Coaxial Cables
Overview
97 Coaxial Cable Types
98 Optical Fiber Cabling Media
Overview
99 Optical Fiber Strands
100 Multimode
101 Singlemode
102 Cable Construction
Tight-Buffered Optical Fiber Cable
104 Loose Tube Optical Fiber Cable
106 Ribbon Optical Fiber Cable
Air-Blown or Jetted Optical Fiber Cable
107 Cabling Performance Classification
108 Optical Fiber Cable Jacket
109 Optical Fiber Cabling Properties
Bandwidth
Dispersion
111 Attenuation
114 Chapter 2 – Structured Cabling Systems
116 Table of Contents
120 Figures
121 Tables
122 Structured Cabling Systems (SCS)
Introduction
123 Standardization of ICT Systems Cabling Installation
124 Generic Structured Cabling System (SCS)
Overview
125 Backbone Cabling
126 Cabling Selection
127 Balanced Twisted-Pair Channel Length Limitations
129 Horizontal Cabling
Cable Selection
130 Equipment and Patch Cords
131 Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL)
Cross-Connections
133 Color Coding
135 Work Area
Work Area Components
Modular Furniture
136 Undercarpet Telecommunications Cable (UTC)
137 Consolidation Point (CP)
139 Multi-user Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA)
141 Administration of Structured Cabling Systems (SCS)
Identifiers
142 Records
Labeling
145 Network Topologies
Overview
146 Bus Topology
147 Tree Topology
148 Ring Topology
149 Star Topology
150 Hierarchical Star Topology
151 Other Topologies
Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling
152 Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Distances
153 Pull-Through Method
Interconnection and Splice Methods
Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
154 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
155 Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
Singlemode Optical Fiber
Passive Optical Splitters
Administrative Recordkeeping
156 Network and Data Center Concepts
Overview
Network Types, Applications, and Components
Personal Area Network (PAN)
157 Local Area Network (LAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN)
158 Network Hardware
Workstations
Servers
159 Switches
Routers
Network Software
160 Network-Supported Systems and Applications
Voice Communications
162 Unified Communications (UC)
163 Video Communications
Videoconferencing
Network Backup Power
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
164 Batteries
165 Data Centers
Redundancy
166 Data Center Areas
167 Computer Room
168 Operational Concepts
170 Telecommunications Spaces
Overview
Entrance Facility (EF)
172 Underground Entrance
173 Tunnels
174 Direct Buried Entrance
175 Aerial Entrance
176 Wireless Entrance
177 Equipment Rooms (ERs)
178 Telecommunications Rooms (TRs)
179 Telecommunications Enclosures (TEs)
181 Telecommunications Cabinets and Racks
Overview
Racks
182 Cabinets
184 Wall-Mounted Cabinets and Racks
185 Cable Management
186 Telecommunications Pathways
Conduit
Overview
Conduit Types
Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
187 Electrical Non-metallic Tubing (ENT)
Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC) and Flexible Metallic Tubing (FMT)
Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) and Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
188 Conduit Diameter (Trade Size)
189 Conduit Elbows and Bends
Conduit Capacity and Fill Ratios
Conduit Capacity
190 Derating Cable Count Because of Conduit Bends
192 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT) Conduit Fill Tables
196 Pulling Force
197 Conduit Body
198 Conduit Hangers
Pipe Hanger
199 Trapeze
200 One-Piece Conduit Hanger
Stub-Up and Stub-Out Conduits
201 Sleeves
Typical Sleeve Installations
202 Installation Considerations
Innerduct
204 Pull Strings and Ropes
205 Cable Runways and Cable Trays
Overview
Cable Runways
206 Cable Trays
208 Surface-Mounted Raceway
Overview
Metallic Surface Raceway
Non-metallic Surface Raceway
211 Surface-Mount Boxes
212 Open-Top Cable Supports
Overview
213 Appendix: Physically Challenged Person Access and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Considerations
Overview
215 Employee Work Areas
Reach Ranges
216 Unobstructed Forward Reach
Obstructed High Reach
217 Unobstructed Side Reach
218 Obstructed High Reach
219 Reach Ranges for Children
220 Public Telephones and Text Telephones (TTY)
221 Parallel Approach
Forward Approach
222 Protruding Objects
Protrusion Limits
223 Two-Way Communication Systems
Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems
224 Fire Alarm Systems
Assistive Listening System (ALS)
225 Receiver Hearing-Aid Compatibility
Sound Field System
226 Chapter 3 – Safety and Professionalism
228 Table of Contents
231 Figures
Tables
232 General Safety Practices
Introduction
Regulations, Codes, and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
Safety Awareness
233 First Aid
First Aid, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), and the Law
234 First Aid Kits
235 Emergency Rescue
236 Communication
238 Designating Work Areas
Tools and Equipment
240 Ladder Safety
245 Personnel Lifts (Elevating Work Platforms)
248 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Overview
249 Headgear
Eye Protection
250 Breathing Protection
252 Lifting Belt
Protective Footwear
Gloves
253 Detection Badges and Exposure Monitors
High-Visibility Vest or Jacket
254 Hearing Protection
255 Fall Protection
257 Clothing
258 Grooming
259 Hazardous Indoor Environments
Overview
Electrical Hazards
262 Lightning Hazards
Access Floors
263 Catwalk Hazards
264 Crawl Space Hazards
266 Confined Spaces
268 Optical Fiber Cabling Hazards
269 Battery Hazards
Asbestos Hazards
271 Chemical Hazards
272 Other Hazardous Locations
273 Hazardous Outdoor Environments
Outside Plant (OSP)
Safety Planning
Overview
Management Commitment and Employee Involvement
274 Work Site Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Control
Health and Safety Training
275 Example of a Work Site Inspection Checklist
ICT Work Site General Inspection
276 Professionalism
Overview
Elements of Professionalism
Credentials and Ability to Work
Personal Image and Ethos
Interpersonal Skills
277 On-Site Activities
Remain Current
Support Employers and Peers
Project Interpersonal Skills and Communication
Effective Communication Skills
279 Customer Relations
Customer Perception
280 Feedback and Follow-Through
Professional Appearance
281 Professionalism and Ethics
BICSI Code of Ethics
282 Standards of Conduct
283 Appendix: Codes, Standards, and Regulations
Overview
Design and Construction
Codes, Regulations, and Directives
284 State Regulations
Municipal/County/Local Regulations
285 Special Applications
Standards
286 Standardization Efforts
United States (U.S.) Standards Development
International Standards Development
287 Harmonization
Independent Standards-Setting Organizations
Licensing Requirements
288 Chapter 4 – Space Preparationand Cabling Support Systems
290 Table of Contents
293 Figures
295 Tables
296 Space Preparation and Cabling Support Systems
Introduction
298 Preparing Telecommunications Spaces
Overview
Lighting, Power, and Environmental Control Considerations
299 Space Layout
300 Equipment Room (ER)
301 Telecommunications Room (TR)
305 Plywood Backboards
Materials
306 Placement
309 Cabinets and Racks
Attachment
310 Bracing
311 Design Layout
312 Power Considerations
314 Cable Routing and Management
316 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing)
317 Administration
Cabinets and Racks on Access Floors
320 Complex Cabinets
Access Floor Pathway Systems
322 Ladder Racks and Cable Trays
325 Distribution Rings (D Rings)
326 Spools
Conduit Terminations in Telecommunications Spaces
Entrance Facility (EF)
327 Telecommunications Enclosure (TE)
Access
Bonding and Grounding (Earthing)
Door
328 Electrical Power
Fire Protection
Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
Interior Provisioning
Lighting
Location
Pathways
329 Size and Spacing
Cables and Cords
330 Modular Furniture
332 Installation of Cable Support Structures
Overview
333 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Considerations for Support Structure Installation
335 Anchors and Fasteners (Hardware)
Anchors
338 Fasteners
343 Work Areas
Outlets and Cavity Boxes
345 Steps to Installing Telecommunications Outlet Box or Cavity Box in Existing Walls with Wallboard/Sheetrock
346 Ladder Racks and Cable Trays
Cable Runway
349 Wire Basket Cable Tray
350 Pull Strings
351 Pull String Installation
354 Poke-Thrus
Poke-Thru Device Installations
355 Cable Raceway
Surface-Mounted Raceway
356 Metallic Surface Raceway
Non-metallic Surface Raceway
358 Non-Surface Mounted Raceway
Open-Top Cable Supports
Raceway and Conduit
Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
359 Electrical Non-metallic Tubing (ENT)
360 Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC) and Flexible Metallic Tubing
Conduit Bodies
361 Placement of Conduit in Pathways
Pathway Preparation
Hangers
362 Support Requirements
Cutting Conduit
363 Bending Conduit
365 Conduit Terminations
Securing Conduit Formations
367 Innerduct
368 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) for Raceway
Conduits
Stepsā€”Installing Cabling Support Systems
374 Access Floors
377 Housekeeping
378 Chapter 5 – Cable Installation
380 Table of Contents
385 Figures
387 Tables
388 Cable Installation
Introduction
390 Common Installation Practices
Overview
Standards and Codes
Understanding the Project Design
391 Installation Planning
Consistent Methods
392 Verification of Cable Lengths and Types
Tools and Equipment
393 Locations for Accessing and Pulling Cable
Cabling Bend Radius
395 Safety Procedures
Clear Designation of Work Areas
Proper Use of Tools and Equipment
396 Protective Clothing and Equipment
Identification of Potential Hazards
397 Firestopping
Administration and Closeout Duties
Labeling
Building Floor Plans
398 General Housekeeping Tasks
400 Pulling Cabling
Overview
401 Stepsā€”Pulling Cable Setup
410 Pulling Horizontal Cable in Continuous Conduit Runs
Overview
Pull Strings
Conduit Pull
411 Stepsā€”Conduit Pull
413 Pulling Horizontal Cable in Ceiling Spaces
Overview
416 Stepsā€”Installing Pull String
417 Stepsā€”Open Ceiling Pull
418 Pulling Horizontal Cable in Raceways
Overview
Types of Horizontal Pulls
Conduit Segments/Stubs
419 Fishing Walls
420 Modular Furniture
421 Utility Columns
Surface Raceways
422 Installing Backbone Cable
Overview
Setting Up for the Pull
426 Installing the Cable
427 Installing Backbone in Vertical Pathwayā€”From Top Down
Overview
Stepsā€”Vertical (Top Down)
433 Installing Backbone in Vertical Pathwayā€”From Bottom Up
Overview
Setting Up for the Pull
Installing the Cable
434 Stepsā€”Vertical (Bottom Up)
437 Installing Backboneā€”Horizontal
Overview
Setting Up for the Pull
Installing the Cable
438 Stepsā€”Horizontal Backbone
441 Pulling and Installing Optical Fiber Cable
Optical Cabling Considerations
Locations for Accessing and Pulling Cable
442 Stepsā€”Optical Fiber Cable
448 Blowing Optical Fiber
Overview
449 Blowing Optical Fiber Units or Mini Cables
Establishing Optical Fiber Pathway
Testing Individual Microducts
Blowing or Jetting Optical Fiber
450 Microduct Management
Microduct Couplers
452 Cable Terminations
Overview
Pre-termination Functions
453 Stepsā€”Pre-termination
456 Copper Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) Termination
Overview
459 Modular Twisted-Pair Connectors
461 Modular Plugs
462 Modular Jacks
Usage
463 Contact/Pin Assignments
464 Universal Service Order Code (USOC)
465 Screened/Shielded Twisted-Pair Connectors
466 Conductor Color Codes
469 Stepsā€”Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) Termination onto a Modular Plug
470 Stepsā€”Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) Termination onto a Modular Jack
471 Screened/Shielded Terminations
Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) Termination Blocks
472 66-Style Hardware
474 110-Style Hardware
476 BIX-Style Hardware
477 LSA-Style Hardware
479 Stepsā€”Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) Termination
480 Other Termination Methods
Patch Panels
482 Coaxial Cable Terminations
Overview
Coaxial Connectors
F Coaxial Connectors
483 N Coaxial Connectors
484 BNC
Coaxial Cables Jacket Listing Designations
485 Crimp-Style BNC Connector
Compression Connector
486 Stepsā€”Compression Coaxial Termination
487 Optical Fiber Cable Terminations
Overview
492 Connectors
493 Single/Double Strand Connectors (Present Usage)
Array Connectors
495 Fiber Connector Polarity
Higher Density Connectors
496 Legacy-Style Connectors
Coupling of Optical Fibers
Optical Fiber Hardware
498 Optical Fiber Cable and Strand Color Codes
500 Stepsā€”Simplex, Zip Cord, and Breakout Cable Preparation
501 Stepsā€”Multifiber Tight-Buffered Cable Preparation
Stepsā€”Loose-Tube Cable Preparation
502 Stepsā€”Field Polished Connector Installation
503 Stepsā€”Fusion Splice-on Connector Termination
504 Stepsā€”Scribing and Polishing the Connector
506 Inspecting and Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors
Overview
507 Inspection Tools
508 Fiber Inspection Scopes
510 Inspection Practices
512 Cleaning Materials and Methods
Dry Wipes
Dry Swabs
514 Solvents with Wipes or Swabs
518 Cleaning Machines
Canned Air
520 Splicing Cable
Overview
521 Copper Splicing
Backbone Cabling
Single and Dual Conductor Splice Connectors
528 Stepsā€”Splicing Copper Cable
536 Optical Fiber Cable Splicing
Overview
Fusion Splicing
537 Mechanical Splicing
538 Planning
539 Safety
Optical Fiber Cable Splicing
540 Optical Fiber Cable Preparation
542 Optical Fiber Strand Preparation
545 Optical Fiber Strand Splicing
547 Optical Fiber Splice Closing
548 Stepsā€”Splicing Optical Fiber Cable
552 Chapter 6 – Testing Cable and Troubleshooting
554 Table of Contents
560 Figures
561 Tables
562 Testing Cable and Troubleshooting
Introduction
Testing
Phase 1
563 Phase 2
Phase 3
Troubleshooting
566 Copper Media
Overview
Test Equipment
Overview
Testers
567 Multimeter
Inductive Amplifier/Tone Generator
568 Wire Map Tester
569 Cable-End Locator Kit
Qualification Test Sets
570 Certification Test Sets
574 Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)
575 Telephone Test Set (butt set)
576 Test Adapters, Leads, and Cables
577 Testing 100-Ohm Balanced Twisted-Pair Horizontal Cable
Overview
Wire Map/Continuity Testing
Stepsā€”Utilizing a Pair Scanner
Certification Field Testing
578 Setup
580 Field Calibration
Verification Check
Testing
581 Test Set Performance
582 Durability
Downloads
Backup
Delay Skew
583 Noise
Maintenance and Upgrades
Batteries
584 Testing Multipair Backbone Cable
Overview
Continuity and Length Testing
Stepsā€”Utilizing a Pair Scanner
585 Testing 50/75-Ohm Coaxial Cabling
Continuity Test
Stepsā€”Coaxial Cable Testing
586 Length Determination
587 Troubleshooting Copper Cabling Systems
Overview
Cable Troubleshooting Tools and Equipment
588 Other Troubleshooting Equipment
Ladder
Two-Way Radio
Notebook
589 Documentation
Flashlight
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Atmospheric (Gas) Tester
Floor Tile Remover
590 Stepsā€”Troubleshooting
591 Verifying the Problem
592 Isolating and Repairing the Source of the Problem
595 High Insertion Loss (Copper)
Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio, Near-End (ACR-N)
596 Incorrect Capacitance
Excessive Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT)
Excessive Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio, Far-End (ACR-F)
597 Excessive Power Sum Near-End Crosstalk (PSNEXT)
Excessive Power Sum Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio, Far-End (PSACR-F)
Wire Map Inconsistencies
Excessive Propagation Delay
598 Excessive Delay Skew
Excessive Return Loss
Incorrect Cable Length
599 Excessive Alien Crosstalk (AXT)
Setting Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP)
600 High Loop Resistance
Incorrect Connections
Incorrect Impedance
601 Noise
602 Locating Cables
Testing the Repaired System
603 Stepsā€”Troubleshooting Balanced Twisted-Pair Cable
604 Balanced Twisted-Pair Media Fault Isolation
608 Optical Fiber Media
Overview
Pre-installation Testing
611 Acceptance Testing
612 Configuration Testing
Preventive Maintenance Testing
613 Test Measurement Documentation
614 Test Equipment
Overview
Testers
Fiber Continuity Tester (Optical Flashlight)
615 Visual Fault Locator (VFL)
Optical Loss Test Set (OLTS)
616 Fiber Inspection Scopes
617 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
618 Interferometer
Bandwidth Characterization and Certification of Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) Systems
619 Field Test Equipment Selection
Optical Fiber Media Test Equipment
620 Training
Documentation
Test Data Analysis
621 Manufacturer and Vendor Support
Compatibility
Other Equipment
Personal Communications
Cleaning Material
622 Continuity Testing
Overview
Performing a Continuity Test
623 Test Scenarios and Considerations
Overview
624 Tester Reference Cords
625 Cleaning and Inspecting
Attenuation
628 Bandwidth
Circuit Configurations
630 Test Configuration Methods
632 Test Configurations
Mode Filter
634 One Jumper Method Referencing
635 One Jumper Method Testing
Two Jumper Method Referencing
637 Two Jumper Method Testing
Three Jumper Method Referencing
639 Three Jumper Method Testing
640 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
Overview
641 Theory of Operation
Rayleigh Scattering
642 Fresnel Reflection
Backscatter Level versus Transmission Loss
643 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) Elements
Laser Light Source
Coupler/Splitter
Optical Sensor Section
Controller Section
645 Display Section
Dynamic Range
646 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) Settings
Dead Zone
648 Resolution
649 Accuracy and Linearity
650 Wavelength
651 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) Operation
Configuration
Mainframe and Optical Card
Optical Fiber Type
652 Wavelength
Connector
Measurement Parameters
653 Distance Range
Resolution
654 Pulse Width
Averaging
655 Fault Location
656 Distance Measurements
Loss Measurements
658 Quality Factor
659 Reflectance
660 Measurement Problems
Non-reflective Break
Gain Splice
662 Ghost Reflection
664 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) Testing Procedures
Considerations
665 Automatic Measurements
Autorange Feature
Optical Fiber Analysis Software
668 Interferometer
Overview
669 Radius of Curvature
670 Offset of Polish
671 Optical Fiber Height
672 Troubleshooting Optical Fiber Cabling Systems
Overview
Cable Troubleshooting Tools and Equipment
Other Troubleshooting Equipment
Ladder
673 Two-Way Radio
Notebook
Documentation
Flashlight
Floor Tile Remover
674 Stepsā€”Troubleshooting
675 Verifying the Problem
676 Isolating the Problem
679 Repairing the Problem
Testing the Repaired System
680 Stepsā€”Troubleshooting Optical Fiber Cable
682 Typical Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) Fault Presentations
Reflective Break
683 Non-reflective Break
684 Defective Splices
685 Appendix: Example Optical Fiber Worksheet and Link Attenuation Record
Example A: Optical fiber performance calculations worksheet for multimode OM4 fiber using the 568-C loss standards
686 Example B: Optical fiber link attenuation record
688 Chapter 7 – Firestopping Practices
690 Table of Contents
691 Figures
Tables
692 Firestopping Practices
Introduction
693 Protection Codes and Ratings
Overview
Building Codes
694 Qualification Testing
695 Rated Devices
Device Classifications
697 Firestop Systems
Overview
Mechanical Firestop Systems
699 Non-mechanical Firestop Systems
700 Intumescent Firestop Materials
704 Endothermic and Ablative Firestop Materials
706 Firestopping Methods
Overview
707 Selection Criteria
Cautions
708 Sleeves and Cable Trays
710 Pathway Barrier Penetration Plates (PBPPs)
711 Core Bore Seals (CBSs)
712 Sleeves Versus Direct Cable Placement
Cable Trays
714 Appendix A: Underwriters Laboratories Inc.Ā® (ULĀ®) Numbering System
715 Appendix B: Firestopping Decision Methods and Examples of Firestop Systems
719 Appendix C: Examples of Typical Installations of Firestop Systems
Stepsā€”Installing a Putty Seal
723 Stepsā€”Sealing an Outlet Box with Putty (Membrane Penetration)
728 Chapter 8 – Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) and Electrical Protection
730 Table of Contents
732 Figures
Tables
734 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) and Electrical Protection
Introduction
Terminology
737 Safety
Electrical Shock
738 Planning
739 Installation Guidelines
740 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) Systems
Overview
Alternating Current (ac) Electrical Power Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System
741 Equipment Grounding (Earthing) System
Telecommunications Bonding Infrastructure
742 Small Systems
743 Large Systems
745 Telecommunication Bonding Infrastructure Components
Overview
Busbars
Primary Bonding Busbar (PBB)
747 Secondary Bonding Busbar (SBB)
749 Bonding Conductors
Telecommunications Bonding Conductor (TBC)
Telecommunications Bonding Backbone (TBB)
750 Backbone Bonding Conductor (BBC)
Telecommunications Equipment Bonding Conductor (TEBC)
Connectors
752 Supplemental Bonding Network
753 Bonding Practices
Overview
Installing Bonding Connections
Bonding Pathways
754 Bonding Equipment Cabinets and Racks
756 Example A
757 Example B
Example C
Inspection of Bonding Connections
758 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) Testing Procedures
Two-Point Bonding Measurements
759 True Root Mean Square Alternating Current (ac) Amperage Measurements
760 Direct Current (dc) Amperage Measurements
Alternating Current (ac) Wiring Polarity/Ground Impedance
762 Telecommunications Circuit Protectors
Overview
763 Lightning Exposure for Outside Plant (OSP)
Primary Protectors
764 Carbon Blocks (Legacy)
765 Gas Tubes (Typical)
766 Solid State (Typical)
Primary Protector Terminal Installation Design Considerations
768 Secondary Protectors
Heat Coil (Legacy)
769 Sneak Current Fuse (Legacy)
Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistors
770 Data and Fire Alarm Protectors
772 Chapter 9 – Specialty Systems Installation
774 Table of Contents
776 Figures
778 Specialty Systems Installation
Introduction
Structured Cabling Differences for Specialty Systems
Overview
Topologies
779 Outlets and Connectors
780 Recommendations
Direct Connections
781 Requirements
Recommendations
782 Horizontal Connection Point (HCP)
783 Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL)
Terminations and Connectors
785 Hybrid Cabling
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
786 Power Source
788 Security Systems
Overview
Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Purpose and Characteristics of Devices
790 Installation Guidelines
791 Access Control System (ACS)
Purpose and Characteristics of Devices
793 Installation Guidelines
794 Video Surveillance System (VSS)
Purpose and Characteristics of Devices
795 Installation Guidelines
796 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems (FDAS)
797 Wireless Systems
Overview
Wireless Signals
798 Wireless System Types
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
799 Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
801 Electrical Power
Power Supply Units
Bonding and Grounding (Earthing)
802 Administration and Documentation
Antennas
Antenna Characteristics
Antenna Types
805 Wireless System Installation Fundamentals
Overview
Site Survey
Installation Considerations
806 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Access Point (AP) Installation
808 Antenna-to-Access Point (AP) Connection
810 Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Antenna Parameters
Mounting Methods for Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Equipment and Antennas
812 Antenna Installation
Overview
Stepsā€”Omnidirectional Antenna
813 Stepsā€”Semidirectional (Panel) Antenna
814 Stepsā€”Directional (Parabolic or Yagi) Antenna
815 Stepsā€”Radiating Cabling
816 Wireless Systems Testing
Overview
Throughput
Signal Strength
817 Antenna Alignment
820 Chapter 10 – Project Management
822 Table of Contents
824 Figures
Table
826 Project Management
Introduction
827 Project Plan
Overview
Gathering Information
Contract Documents
828 Project Drawings
834 Construction Specifications
836 Designerā€™s Drawings
838 Checking Plans
839 Materials List
840 Scope of Work (SoW)
Project Schedule
844 Conducting a Site Survey
845 Preparing for the Survey
846 Reviewing Responsibilities with Team Members
847 Examining the Site
848 Developing a Job Plan (Pre-construction)
850 Project Documentation
Project Log
852 Request for Information (RFI)
Submittals
853 Job Change Orders
854 Acceptance Plan
Punch List
Record Drawings (As-Built Drawings)
855 Closeout Submittals
Maintenance and Material Equipment Documentation
Test Documentation
856 Final Documentation
Project Safety Plan
858 Project Implementation
Overview
Initial Construction Meeting
Pre-installation Meeting
859 Perform Site Survey
860 Retrofit Additional Survey Tasks
Progress Meetings
861 Ordering Materials
Receiving Materials
862 Storing Materials
Work Site
863 Company-Controlled Location
Distributor
Distributing Materials on Site
Managing the Project Schedule
864 Closeout of a Project
Professionalism and the Project
Project Objectives
865 Team Member Responsibilities
Project Team Interactions
866 Project Management Summary
868 Chapter 11 – Retrofits and Upgrades
870 Table of Contents
871 Figures
Tables
872 Retrofits and Upgrades
Introduction
873 Retrofit Installation
Gathering Information
874 Developing a Retrofit Job Plan
875 Site Evaluation
877 Verifying Existing Infrastructure
879 Locating Copper Cables
881 Stepsā€”Verifying Existing Infrastructure
884 Evaluating Existing Infrastructure
887 Stepsā€”Evaluating Existing Infrastructure
888 Site Survey
889 Site Coordination
890 Verifying Codes and Structural Integrity
892 Job Plan
894 System Cutover
Overview
896 Planning the Cutover
897 Existing System Considerations
898 Cutover Plans
900 Types of Cutovers
901 Stepsā€”Cutover
902 Removing Abandoned Cable and Equipment
903 Stepsā€”Post-cutover Removal
904 Appendix A – Codes, Standards, Regulations, and Organizations
906 Table of Contents
909 Figures
Tables
910 Codes, Standards, Regulations, and Organizations
Introduction
Design and Construction
911 Codes, Regulations, and Directives
912 State Regulations
Municipal/County/Local Regulations
Special Applications
913 Standards
914 Interpretation of Directive Language in Codes, Standards, and Regulations
Standardization Efforts
United States (U.S.) Standards Development
915 International Standards Development
916 International Codes and Standards
Overview
Building Industry Consulting Services International (BICSI)Ā®
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)Ā®
917 Project 802
919 International Code Council (ICC)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
921 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
922 International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission Joint Technical Committee 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1)
923 International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA)
924 International Telecommunication Unionā€“Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
G-series; Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
925 K-series; Protection against interference
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Handbooks
926 Regional Codes and Standards
Australia/New Zealand Codes and Standards
927 Caribbean Region Codes and Standards
Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU)
930 European Codes and Standards
ComitƩ EuropƩen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC)
EN 50098 Series
EN 50173 Series
931 EN 50174 Series
933 EN 50600 Series
Other CENELEC Standards
934 National Codes and Standards
Australian Codes and Standards
Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA)
Communications Alliance (CA)
Standards Australia
935 Brazilian Codes and Standards
AssociacĆ£o Brasileira de Normas TĆ©cnicas (ABNT)
AgĆŖncia Nacional de TelecomunicaƧƵes (ANATEL)
936 Canadian Codes and Standards
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
938 National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Research in Construction (NRC-IRC)
939 Chilean Codes and Standards
Sub-Secretariat of Telecommunications (Subtel)
Colombian Codes and Standards
Instituto Colombiano de Normas TĆ©cnicas y CertificaciĆ³n (ICONTEC)
French Codes and Standards
Association FranƧaise de Normalisation (AFNOR)
940 German Codes and Standards
German Product Safety Act (ProdSG)
Japanese Codes and Standards
Japanese Standards Association
Korean Codes and Standards
Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA)
941 Mexican Codes and Standards
NormalizaciĆ³n y CertificaciĆ³n (NYCE)
Peruvian Codes and Standards
Instituto Nacional de Calidad (INACAL)
943 Turkish (TR) Codes and Standards
Turkish Standards Institution (TSE)
Turkish Building Legislation
944 United Kingdom (UK) Codes and Standards
British Standards Institution (BSI)
945 Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategyā€”Office for Product Safety and Standards
Office of Public Sector Information (OSPI)
946 United States (U.S.) Codes and Standards
American Institute of Architects (AIA)
American Ladder Institute (ALI)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP)
947 ASTM International
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
948 Common Ground Alliance (CGA)
IEEEĀ®
951 Illumination Engineering Society of North America (IES)
Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA)
International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI)
952 National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
953 National Fire Protection AssociationĀ® (NFPAĀ®)
954 NFPA 70Ā® National Electrical CodeĀ® (NECĀ®)
958 Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (SCTE)
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)
960 Telcordia Technologies
961 Enforcement of United States (U.S.) Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations
Overview
Local Applications of National Standards
962 Government and Military Construction
963 Federal Safety and Health Standards
964 Wireless Transmission Standards
Overview
Organizations
965 Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
966 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
967 Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Institute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersĀ® (IEEEĀ®)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Telecommunications Union-Radiocommunications Sector (ITU-R)
968 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Sub-Secretariat of Telecommunications
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)
Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA)
969 Approval of Electrical Products and Equipment
United States (U.S.)
Product Certification
Product Ratings
970 Examples of Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) Standards
971 Canada
Product Certification
973 European Union (EU)
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
ConformitƩ EuropƩenne (CE) Mark
974 GS Markā€“GeprĆ¼fte Sicherheit (Safety Tested)
South American Countries
976 Appendix B – Legal Considerations
978 Table of Contents
980 Legal Aspects of ICT Systems Installation
Introduction
Responsibilities of an Installer
981 Liability
Overview
Definitions
Basis of Liability
982 Types of Liability
983 Liability in Contract
Warranties
Economic Loss Doctrine
984 Liability in Tortā€”Secondary Liability
Negligence
985 Duty
Foreseeability
986 Breach of Duty
Causation
Damage
987 Limiting the Installerā€™s Liability
988 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Overview
Mediation
Arbitration
990 Appendix C – Project Documentation Examples
992 Table of Contents
993 Table
994 Project Documentation Examples
Overview
Specifications
995 MasterFormatĀ® 2018ā€”Numbering
997 Scope of Work (SoW)
General Information
Copper Horizontal Cable
998 Patch Panels
Equipment Racks
Faceplates and Modular Jacks
Raceways and Associated Equipment
999 Optical Fiber Backbone Cable
Optical Fiber Connecting Hardware
Data Patch Cords
10/100BASE-Tx Switches
Optical Fiber Patch Cords
Firestopping
1000 Installation Methodology
Inspection and Testing
Record Documentation
Warranty
Schedule
1001 Delays to Project
Damage to Installed Physical Plant
1002 Materials List
1004 Labor List
1005 Project Timeline
1006 Checklists for Site Surveys
Checklist for Site Surveyā€”New Construction
1007 Checklist for Site Surveyā€”Retrofit Installations
1008 Job Change Order
1010 Glossary
1012 Glossary Terms
A
1015 B
1018 C
1024 D
1026 E
1028 F
1030 G
1031 H
1032 I
1033 J
1034 K
L
1035 M
1037 N
1038 O
1039 P
1043 Q
1044 R
1046 S
1050 T
1053 U
V
W
1055 Y
Z
1056 Commercial Communications
1062 Commercial Electrical
1065 Electronic Security and Access Control
1077 Residential Communications
1080 Bibliography
Introduction
Chapter 1: Principles of Transmission
1081 Chapter 2: Structured Cabling Systems
1083 Chapter 3: Safety and Professionalism
1084 Chapter 4: Space Preparation and Cabling Support Systems
1085 Chapter 5: Cable Installation
1086 Chapter 6: Testing Cable and Troubleshooting
1087 Chapter 7: Firestopping Practices
Chapter 8: Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) and Electrical Protection
1088 Chapter 9: Specialty Systems Installation
Chapter 10: Project Management
Chapter 11: Retrofits and Upgrades
1089 Appendix C: Project Documentation Examples
1090 Index
Numbers and Abbreviations
A
B
1091 C
1092 D
E
1093 F
G
H
I
1094 J
K
L
1095 M
N
O
1096 P
Q
1097 R
S
1098 T
U
1099 V
W
Y
Z
BICSI ITSIMM 8 v2 2022
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