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BS 1377-2:2022

BS 1377-2:2022

$215.11

Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes – Classification tests and determination of geotechnical properties

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 158
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
7 Foreword
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
10 3 Terms and definitions
4 Determination of water content
4.1 Oven-drying method
11 4.2 Method for saturation water content of chalk
5 Determination of liquid limit
12 5.1 General
5.2 Cone penetrometer method (definitive method)
5.3 One-point cone penetrometer method
13 Table 1 ā€” Factors for one-point cone penetrometer liquid limit test
5.4 Casagrande apparatus method
14 5.5 One-point Casagrande method
6 Determination of plastic limit and plasticity index
6.1 General
15 6.2 Additional parameters
7 Determination of shrinkage characteristicsā€“Linear shrinkage
7.1 General
7.2 Apparatus
16 Figure 1 ā€” Mould for linear shrinkage test
7.3 Preparation of apparatus
7.4 Procedure
17 7.5 Calculations and expression of results
7.6 Test report
8 Determination of density
18 9 Determination of particle density
9.1 General
9.2 Gas jar method
20 10 Determination of particle size distribution
11 Determination of dry density/water content relationship
11.1 General
21 Figure 2 ā€” Dry density/water content relationship curve
22 Table 2 ā€” Summary of compaction procedures
11.2 Preparation of samples for compaction tests
23 Table 3 ā€” Summary of sample preparation procedures
24 Figure 3 ā€” Grading limits relating to specimen preparation procedures for compaction tests
Figure 4 ā€” Flow chart representing specimen preparation methods for compaction tests
27 11.3 Compaction method using 2.5 kg rammer with 1 L mould
28 Figure 5 ā€” Mould for compaction test (1 L mould)
29 Figure 6 ā€” 2.5 kg rammer for compaction test
32 11.4 Compaction method using 2.5 kg rammer with CBR mould
33 11.5 Compaction method using 4.5 kg rammer with 1 L mould
34 Figure 7 ā€” 4.5 kg rammer for compaction test
36 11.6 Method using 4.5 kg rammer with CBR mould
37 11.7 Compaction method using vibrating hammer
38 Figure 8 ā€” Tampers for vibrating hammer compaction tests
39 Table 4 ā€” Grading for calibration sand
42 12 Determination of maximum and minimum dry densities for coarse soils
12.1 Determination of maximum density of sands
45 12.2 Maximum density of gravelly soils
47 12.3 Minimum density of sands
48 12.4 Minimum density of gravelly soils
50 12.5 Derivation of density index
13 Determination of moisture condition value (MCV)
13.1 General
13.2 Apparatus
51 Figure 9 ā€” Moisture condition apparatus
53 13.3 Checking the moisture condition apparatus
13.4 Determination of the MCV of a specimen of soil at its natural water content
55 Figure 10 ā€” Relationship between change in penetration and number of blows
Figure 11 ā€” Alternative type of relationship between change in penetration and number of blows
56 13.5 Determination of the MCV/water content relation of a soil
57 13.6 Rapid assessment of whether a soil is stronger than a precalibrated standard
58 14 Determination of chalk crushing value (CCV)
14.1 General
14.2 Apparatus
59 14.3 Checking the moisture condition apparatus
14.4 Determination of the chalk crushing value (CCV)
60 15 Determination of California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
61 15.1 General
15.2 Preparation of test specimen
62 Figure 12 ā€” Flow chart representing specimen preparation methods for the CBR test
63 Figure 13 ā€” Cylindrical mould for the determination of the CBR
64 Figure 14 ā€” Plug and collar extension for use with cylindrical mould for the determination of the CBR
67 15.3 Soaking
68 Figure 15 ā€” Apparatus for measuring the swelling of a specimen during soaking for the CBR test
69 15.4 Penetration test procedure
70 Figure 16 ā€” General arrangement of apparatus for the CBR test
72 15.5 Calculation and plotting
73 Figure 17 ā€” Typical CBR test result curves (see 15.5.1.2)
75 Figure 18 ā€” Force penetration curves for a CBR value of 100% and other CBR values
Table 5 ā€” Standard force-penetration relationships for 100% CBR
76 15.6 Test report
77 16 Determination of one-dimensional consolidation properties
16.1 Test method
16.2 Test results
78 17 Determination of swelling and collapse characteristics
17.1 General
17.2 Apparatus
17.3 Measurement of swelling pressure
79 17.4 Measurement of swelling
81 17.5 Measurement of settlement on saturation
82 18 Determination of dispersibility
18.1 Pinhole method
83 Figure 19 ā€” Section of pinhole test apparatus
85 Table 6 ā€” Typical limiting rates of flow imposed by the apparatus
86 Figure 20 ā€” Flowchart for pinhole test procedure
87 Table 7 ā€” Classification of soils from pinhole test data
88 18.2 Crumb method
89 18.3 Dispersion method
90 Figure 21 ā€” Typical results from dispersion (double hydrometer) test
91 19 Determination of frost heave
19.1 General
19.2 Preparation of test specimens
92 19.3 Test procedure
20 Determination of consolidation properties using a hydraulic cell
20.1 General
93 Figure 22 ā€” Drainage and loading conditions for consolidation tests in hydraulic cells
94 20.2 Apparatus
96 Figure 23 ā€” Arrangement of hydraulic cell for vertical drainage consolidation [test type (a)]
97 Figure 24 ā€” Arrangement of hydraulic cell for radial drainage to centre and optional permeability stage
103 Figure 25 ā€” Arrangement for load calibration of diaphragm
106 20.3 Preparation of specimens
110 20.4 Cell assembly
113 20.5 Procedure for consolidation test with one-way vertical drainage
121 Figure 26 ā€” Derivation of t50 from log time curves
122 Figure 27 ā€” Derivation of t50 and t90 from power function curves
123 Figure 28 ā€” Temperature correction curve
125 20.6 Procedure for consolidation test with two-way vertical drainage
126 20.7 Procedure for consolidation test with drainage radially outwards
129 20.8 Procedure for consolidation test with drainage radially inwards
132 21 Determination of permeability in a hydraulic consolidation cell
133 21.1 General
21.2 Apparatus for preparation of specimens
21.3 Apparatus for permeability test
134 21.4 Calibration of apparatus
135 21.5 Preparation and checking of apparatus
21.6 Preparation of test specimen
136 21.7 Assembly of cell
21.8 Test procedures
138 21.9 Calculations
139 21.10 Test report
140 22 Determination of isotropic consolidation properties using a triaxial cell
22.1 Test method
22.2 Calculations
142 22.3 Test report
143 23 Determination of permeability
24 Determination of shear strength by the laboratory vane method
24.1 General
24.2 Apparatus
144 Figure 29 ā€” Laboratory vane apparatus
145 24.3 Procedure
146 24.4 Calculations
147 24.5 Test report
25 Determination of shear strength by direct shear (shearbox methods)
25.1 Shearbox methods
148 25.2 Determination of shear strength by the small shearbox apparatus
25.3 Determination of shear strength by the large shearbox apparatus
149 26 Determination of residual strength using the small ring shear apparatus
26.1 Test method
26.2 Test conditions
26.3 Test report
27 Determination of unconfined compressive strength
27.1 Test method
150 27.2 Test report
28 Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test
28.1 Type of test
28.2 Test conditions
28.3 Test report
151 29 Consolidated-undrained triaxial compression test with measurement of pore pressure
29.1 Test procedure
152 29.2 Test conditions
29.3 Test report
30 Consolidated-drained triaxial compression test with measurement of volume change
30.1 Test procedure
153 30.2 Test conditions
30.3 Test report
154 Annex A (informative)ā€‚ Example forms
Figure A.1 ā€” Example data sheet
155 Figure A.2 ā€” Example recording form
156 Bibliography

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BS 1377-2:2022
$215.11