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BS 1377-3:2018+A1:2021

BS 1377-3:2018+A1:2021

$215.11

Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes – Chemical and electro-chemical testing

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 108
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This part of BS 1377 describes test methods for determining the amount of chemical substances in samples of soil and extremely weak and very weak rocks, as defined by BS 5930, and groundwater.

NOTE 1 Chemical tests in this part of BS 1377 may be used on other rocks if required.

It also describes test methods for the determination of some electrochemical and resistivity properties of solid samples.

NOTE 2 These tests provide data to assess the potential of the ground and solutes to damage construction materials, including cementitious materials and metals in the ground. They can also be used in assessment of the potential for volume change of the ground due to chemical reaction. Resistivity test results can also be used to assess in-situ resistivity results.

This British Standard is not written for testing samples from contaminated land or for soil quality assessment.

Procedures described in this part of BS 1377 are for the determination of the following:

  1. organic matter content in the material (Clause 4);

  2. total organic carbon (TOC) content in the material (Clause 5);

  3. loss on ignition of the material (Clause 6);

  4. sulfur compounds (Clause 7):

    1. water-soluble sulfate content of the material by 2:1 extraction;

    2. sulfate content in groundwater;

    3. acid-soluble sulfate content of the material;

    4. total sulfur content of the material;

    5. total sulfide content (total reduced sulfur) content of the material;

    6. acid-soluble sulfide (monosulfides sulfur) content of the material;

  5. carbonate content of the material (Clause 8);

  6. chloride content (Clause 9):

    1. water-soluble chloride content of the material;

    2. acid-soluble chloride content of the material.

  7. water-soluble magnesium content of the material (Clause 10);

  8. total dissolved solids of the groundwater (Clause 11);

  9. pH value (Clause 12);

  10. electrical resistivity of the material (Clause 13); and

  11. redox potential of the material (Clause 14).

Brief guidance on the detrimental effects of sulfur compounds on engineering works and alternative methods of identifying the specific minerals is given in Annex A.

NOTE 3 Good practice in chemical testing requires duplicate specimens to be tested. In each of the test methods the measurement of only one value of the overall result is described. It is recognized that it is necessary in many practical applications to make a number of tests in order to obtain a representative value and an indication of the reliability of the results. Guidance on the number of measurements required and the treatment of the results obtained are not provided in this standard.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
6 Foreword
9 1 Scope
10 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
11 4 Determination of the organic matter content
4.1 Principle
4.2 Reagents
12 4.3 Apparatus
4.4 Preparation of test specimen
13 4.5 Procedure
15 4.6 Calculations
16 4.7 Test report
5 Determination of total organic carbon (TOC)
5.1 Principle
17 5.2 Reagents
5.3 Apparatus
18 5.4 Preparation of test specimen
5.5 Procedure
20 5.6 Calculations
5.7 Test report
6 Determination of the mass loss on ignition
6.1 Principle
6.2 Apparatus
21 6.3 Procedure
22 6.4 Calculations
6.5 Test report
7 Determination of sulfur compounds
7.1 General
23 7.2 Sampling, sample storage and sample preparation
25 7.3 Determination of water-soluble sulfate in soil (WS)
27 7.4 Ion Chromatography (IC) method for analysis of water extract or groundwater sulfate
29 Table 1 — Example concentration of calibration ranges
Table 2 — Example anion concentrations in calibration standards
31 7.5 Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) method for analysis of acid or water extract or groundwater sulfate
32 Table 3 — The concentration as a % of the upper limit of the apparatus of the different calibration standards for ICP-AES
Table 4 — Example of five calibration standards for copper, magnesium and sulfur
34 7.6 Gravimetric method for analysis of acid or water extract or groundwater sulfate
36 7.7 Ion-exchange method for analysis of water extract or groundwater sulfate
38 Figure 1 — Constant-head device for use with ion-exchange column
39 Figure 2 — Ion-exchange column for sulfate determination
40 7.8 Determination of groundwater sulfate (GWS)
41 7.9 Determination of acid-soluble sulfate (AS)
44 7.10 Determination of total sulfur (TS)
45 7.11 Determination of total reduced sulfur (TRS)
47 Figure 3 — Schematic diagram of the apparatus for total reduced sulfur determination
48 Figure 4 — Jones reductor assembly
51 7.12 Determination of acid-soluble sulfides (monosulfide sulfur) (MS)
53 Figure 5 — Apparatus for determination of acid-soluble mono-sulfide (MS)
56 8 Determination of the carbonate content
8.1 Types of test method
57 8.2 Total carbon analyzer, combustion method – Total inorganic carbon (TIC)
59 8.3 Rapid titration method for determination of calcium carbonate content
62 8.4 Gravimetric method for determination of calcium carbonate content
63 9 Determination of the chloride content
9.1 General
9.2 Determination of water-soluble chloride content
69 9.3 Determination of acid-soluble chloride content
71 10 Determination of magnesium – water-soluble magnesium in 2:1 extract
10.1 Principle
72 10.2 Sample preparation
10.3 Preparation of 2:1 water-soluble extract
10.4 Determination of magnesium in solution
10.5 Calculations
73 10.6 Test report
11 Determination of total dissolved solids
11.1 General
11.2 Apparatus
74 11.3 Test procedure
11.4 Calculations
11.5 Test report
75 12 Determination of the pH value
12.1 General
12.2 Reagents
12.3 Apparatus
76 12.4 Preparation of sample
12.5 pH determination
77 12.6 Quality control
12.7 Test report
13 Determination of electrical resistivity
13.1 Principle
13.2 Types of test and limitations
78 13.3 Measurement of resistivity: undisturbed cylindrical samples
80 Figure 6 — Testing undisturbed cylindrical samples
82 13.4 Measurement of resistivity: open container method
84 Figure 7 — Design for open container for resistivity tests on saturated coarse soil
85 Figure 8a — Design for reduced size open container for resistivity tests on fine-grain cohesive soil – Example of a small resistivity test cell for use with fine-grained soils
86 Figure 8b — Design for reduced size open container for resistivity tests on fine-grain cohesive soil – Example of a reconstituted soil sample trimmed from a Proctor mould
90 13.5 Measurement of resistivity: Wenner probe method
91 Figure 9 — Circuit diagram for resistivity test using Wenner probes
95 13.6 Calculations
96 13.7 Test report
97 14 Determination of the redox potential
14.1 General
98 14.2 Apparatus
99 14.3 Reagents
14.4 Procedure
101 14.5 Calculations
14.6 Test report
102 Annex A (informative)  Determination of sulfur compounds
106 Bibliography

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BS 1377-3:2018+A1:2021
$215.11