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BS 3951-2.1:1991+A5:2006:2010 Edition

BS 3951-2.1:1991+A5:2006:2010 Edition

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Freight containers – Specification and testing of series 1 freight containers. General cargo containers for general purposes

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BSI 2010 28
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1.1 This part of ISO 1496 specifies the basic specifications and testing requirements for ISO series 1 freight containers of the totally enclosed general purpose types and certain specific purpose types (closed, vented, ventilated or open top) which are suitable for international exchange and for conveyance by road, rail and sea, including interchange between these forms of transport.

1.2 The container types covered by this part of ISO 1496 are given in Table 1.

Table 1 — Container types

a In accordance with ISO 6346.

This part of ISO 1496 does not cover ventilation arrangements, either vented or ventilated.

1.3 The marking requirements for these containers are given in ISO 6346.

Basic specifications and testing requirements for ISO series 1 freight containers of the totally enclosed general purpose type and also certain specific purpose types (closed, vented, ventilated or open top).

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1 BRITISH STANDARD
BS 3951-2.1: 1991
ISO 1496-1: 1990
Freight containers –
Part 2: Specification and testing of series 1 freight containers –
Section 2.1 General cargo containers for general purposes
2 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 January 1991
Committees responsible for this British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/505, upon which the following bodies were represented:
Aluminium Federation
Associated Offices Technical Committee
Association of Wagon Builders and Repairers
British Airways
British Industrial Truck Association
British International Freight Association
British Ports Federation and the National Association of Ports Employers
British Railways Board
Department of Transport (Transport Industries)
Freight Transport Association
General Council of British Shipping
Health and Safety Executive
Institute of Materials Management
Lloyds Register of Shipping
Road Haulage Association Ltd.
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.
3 Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Introduction 1
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Definitions 2
4 Dimensions and ratings 2
5 Design requirements 2
Annex A (normative) Diagrammatic representation of capabilities appropriate to all types and sizes of general purpose containers, except where otherwise stated 12
Annex C (normative) Dimensions of fork-lift pockets 17
Annex E (normative) Cargo securing systems 18
Figure A.1 12
Figure A.1A 12
Figure A.2 12
Figure A.3 12
Figure A.3A 13
Figure A.4 13
Figure A.5 13
Figure A.6 13
Figure A.7 13
Figure A.8 13
Figure A.9 13
Figure A.10 14
Figure A.11 14
Figure A.12 14
Figure A.13 14
Figure A.14 14
Figure A.15 14
Figure A.16 14
Figure A.17 15
Figure A.18 15
Figure A.19 15
Figure A.20 15
Figure A.21 15
Figure A.22 15
Figure A.23 15
Figure C.1 17
4 Page
Table 1 – Container types 1
Table 2 – Minimum internal dimensions 3
5 Introduction
The following grouping of container types is used for specification purposes in ISO 1496:
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 1496 specifies the basic specifications and testing requirements for ISO series 1 freight containers of the…
1.2 The container types covered by this part of ISO 1496 are given in Table 1.
Table 1 – Container types
00 to 04
10, 11
13, 15, 17
50 to 53
Closed, including opening roof
Closed, vented
Closed, ventilated
Open-top
a In accordance with ISO 6346.
This part of ISO 1496 does not cover ventilation arrangements, either vented or ventilated.
1.3 The marking requirements for these containers are given in ISO 6346.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 1496…
ISO 668:1988, Series 1 freight containers – Classification, dimensions and ratings.
ISO 830:1981, Freight containers – Terminology.
ISO 1161:1984, Series 1 freight containers – Corner fittings – Specification.
ISO 6346:1984, Freight containers – Coding, identification and marking.
6 3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 1496, the definitions given in ISO 830 apply.
4 Dimensions and ratings
4.1 External dimensions
The overall external dimensions and tolerances of the freight containers covered by this part of ISO 1496 shall be those establi…
4.2 Internal dimensions
Internal dimensions of containers shall be as large as possible, but, in any case:
– closed containers type 00 shall comply with the requirements for minimum internal length, width and height given in 4.3;
– containers type 02, having partial opening(s) in the side(s), shall comply with the requirements for minimum internal length and height given in 4.3;
– containers type 03, having an opening roof, shall comply with the requirements for minimum internal length and width given in 4.3;
– containers types 01 and 04, having openings in the side(s) and/or roof, shall comply with the requirements for minimum internal length given in 4.3;
– closed, vented containers types 10 and 11 shall comply with the requirements for minimum internal length, width and height given in 4.3;
– closed, ventilated containers type 13 shall comply with the requirements for minimum internal length, width and height given in 4.3.
4.3 Minimum internal dimensions
The minimum internal dimensions for ISO series 1 general purpose cargo containers are specified in Table 2.
The dimensions apply when measured at a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F). Measurements taken at other temperatures shall be adjusted accordingly.
Where a top corner fitting projects into the internal space specified by Table 2, that part of the corner fitting projecting into the container shall not be considered as reducing the size of the container.
4.4 Ratings
The values of the rating R, being the gross mass of the container, are those given in ISO 668.
5 Design requirements
5.1 General
All containers shall be capable of fulfilling the following requirements.
The strength requirements for containers are given in diagrammatic form in Annex A (these requirements are applicable to all containers except where otherwise stated). They apply to containers as complete units.
The strength requirements for corner fittings (see also 5.2) are given in ISO 1161.
The container shall be capable of withstanding the loads and loadings detailed in clause 6.
As the effects of loads encountered under any dynamic operating condition should only approach, but not exceed, the effects of t…
Any closure in a container which, if unsecured, could lead to a hazardous situation, shall be provided with an adequate securing system having external indication of the positive securement of that closure in the appropriate operating position.
In particular, doors should be capable of being securely fastened in the open or closed position.
7 Any removable roof or roof section shall be fitted with locking devices such that an observer at ground level can check (when the container is on a rail or highway carrying vehicle) that its roof is secured.
All closed containers and all open containers fitted with covers which were designed for them, shall be weatherproof as required by test No. 13 (see 6.13).
5.2 Corner fittings
All containers shall be equipped with top and bottom corner fittings. The requirements and positioning of the corner fittings ar…
5.3 Base structure
5.3.1 All containers shall be capable of being supported by their bottom corner fittings only.
5.3.2 All containers, other than 1D and 1DX, shall also be capable of being supported only by load transfer areas in their base structure.
5.3.2.1 Consequently, these containers shall have end transverse members and sufficient intermediate load transfer areas (or a f…
!
Table 2 – Minimum internal dimensions
1AAA
1AA
1A
1BBB
1BB
1B
1CC
1C
1D
Nominal container external height minus 241 mm (9 1/2 in)
2 330
91 3/4
11 998
11 998
11 998
8 931
8 931
8 931
5 867
5 867
2 802
39
39
39
29
29
29
19
19
9
4 3/8
4 3/8
4 3/8
3 5/8
3 5/8
3 5/8
3
3
2 5/16
”
5.3.2.2 The lower faces of the load transfer areas, including those of the end transverse members, shall be in one plane located
12,5 mm mm2)
above the plane of the bottom faces of the lower corner fittings of the container. Apart from the bottom corner fittings and bottom side rails, no part of the container shall project below this plane.
However, doubler plates may be provided in the vicinity of the bottom corner fittings to afford protection to the understructure.
Such plates shall not extend more than 550 mm2) from the outer end and not more than 470 mm2) from the side faces of the bottom …
8 5.3.2.3 The transfer of load between the underside of the bottom side rails and carrying vehicles is not envisaged.
The transfer of load between side rails and handling equipment should only occur when provisions have been made in accordance with 5.8.1 and 5.8.2.
5.3.2.4 Containers having all their intermediate transverse members spaced at 1 000 mm apart or less (or having a flat underside) shall be deemed to comply with the requirements laid down in 5.3.2.1.
5.3.2.5 Requirements for containers not having transverse members spaced 1 000 mm3) apart or less (and not having a flat underside) are given in Annex B.
5.3.3 For containers 1D and 1DX, the level of the underside of the base structure is not specified, except in so far as it is implied in 5.3.4.
5.3.4 For all containers under dynamic conditions, or the static equivalent thereof, with the container having a load uniformly …
5.3.5 The base structure shall be designed to withstand all forces, particularly lateral forces, induced by the cargo in service. This is particularly important where provisions are made for securement of cargo to the base structure of the container.
5.4 End structure
For all containers other than 1D and 1DX, the sideways deflection of the top of the container with respect to the bottom of the …
5.5 Side structure
For all containers other than 1D and 1DX, the longitudinal deflection of the top of the container with respect to the bottom of the container, at the time it is under full longitudinal rigidity test conditions, shall not exceed 25 mm3).
5.6 Walls
Where openings are provided in end or side walls, the ability of these walls to withstand tests Nos. 5 and 6 shall not be impaired.
5.7 Door opening
Each container shall be provide with a door opening at least at one end.
All door openings and end openings shall be as large as possible.
Closed-type containers designated 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D (types 00 and 02) shall have a door opening, preferably having dimensions eq…
Closed-type containers designated 1AAA #and 1BBB$ (types 00 and 02) shall have a door opening, preferably having dimensions equa…
5.8 Requirements – Optional features
5.8.1 Fork-lift pockets
5.8.1.1 Fork-lift pockets used for handling 1CC, 1C, 1CX, 1D and 1DX containers in the loaded or unloaded condition may be provided as optional features.
!Fork-lift pockets shall not be provided on 1AAA, 1AA, 1A, 1AX, 1BBB, 1BB, 1B and 1BX containers.”
5.8.1.2 Where a set of fork-lift pockets has been fitted as in 5.8.1.1, a second set of fork-lift pockets may, in addition, be provided on 1CC, 1C and 1CX containers for empty handling only.
10 5.8.1.3 The fork-lift pockets, where provided, shall meet the dimensional requirements specified in Annex C and shall pass compl…
%Text deleted&
5.8.2 Cargo securing devices
Cargo securing devices may be provided as optional features in all series 1 general purpose containers. The requirements for such devices are specified in Annex E.
6 Testing
6.1 General
Unless otherwise stated, containers complying with the design requirements specified in clause 5 shall, in addition, be capable …
However, the weatherproofness test shall always be performed after all structural tests have been completed.$
6.1.1 The symbol P denotes the maximum payload of the container to be tested, that is:
P = R – T
where
R is the rating;
T is the tare.
Rg, Pg, Tg
6.1.2 The test loads or loadings within the container shall be uniformly distributed.
6.1.3 The test load or loading specified in all of the following tests are the minimum requirements.
6.1.4 The dimensional requirements to which reference is made in the requirements sub-clause after each test are those specified in:
a) the dimensional and design requirement clauses of this part of ISO 1496;
b) ISO 668;
c) ISO 1161.
6.2 Test No. 1 – Stacking
6.2.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a fully loaded container to support a superimposed mass of containers, taking into account conditions aboard ships at sea and the relative eccentricities between superimposed containers.
Table 3 specifies the force to be applied as a test to each pair of corner fittings and the superimposed mass that the test force represents.
11 6.2.2 Procedure
The container shall be placed on four level pads, one under each bottom corner fitting.
The pads shall be centralized under the fittings, and shall be substantially of the same plan dimensions as the fittings. The co…
The container shall be subjected to vertical forces, applied either to all four corner fittings simultaneously or to each pair o…
Table 3 – Forces to be applied in stacking test
!1A, 1AA, 1AAA and 1AX
1B, 1BB, 1BBB and 1BX”
1C, 1CC and 1CX
1D and 1DX
%3 767
3 767
3 767&
896
762 550
762 550
762 550
201 600
%1 883
1 883
1 883&
448
381 275
381 275
381 275
100 800
213 360
213 360&
50 800
470 380
470 380&
112 000
In all cases, the forces shall be applied in such a manner that rotation of the planes through which the forces are applied and on which the container is supported is minimized.
Each corner fitting or equivalent test fitting shall be offset in the same direction by 25,4 mm laterally and 38 mm4) longitudinally.
6.2.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.3 Test No. 2 – Lifting from the four top corner fittings
6.3.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container, other than a 1D or a 1DX container, to withstand being lifte…
This test shall also be regarded as proving the ability of the floor and base structure to withstand the forces arising from acceleration of the payload in lifting operations.
12 6.3.2 Procedure
The container shall have a load uniformly distributed over the floor in such a way that the combined mass of the container and t…
For a container other than a 1D or a 1DX container, the lifting forces shall be applied vertically.
For a 1D or a 1DX container, lifting shall be carried out by means of slings, the angle of each leg being at 60° from the horizontal.
After lifting, the container shall be suspended for 5 min and then lowered to the ground.
6.3.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.4 Test No. 3 – Lifting from the four bottom corner fittings
6.4.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container to withstand being lifted, from its four bottom corner fittin…
6.4.2 Procedure
The container shall have a load uniformly distributed over the floor in such a way that the combined mass of container and test …
Lifting forces shall be applied at
!30° to the horizontal for 1AAA, 1AA, 1A and 1AX containers;
37° to the horizontal for 1BBB, 1BB, 1B and 1BX containers;”
45° to the horizontal for 1CC, 1C and 1CX containers;
60° to the horizontal for 1D and 1DX containers.
In each case, the line of action of the lifting force and the outer face of the corner fitting shall be no farther apart than 38 mm. The lifting shall be carried out in such a manner that the lifting devices bear on the four bottom corner fittings only.
The container shall be suspended for 5 min and then lowered to the ground.
6.4.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.5 Test No. 4 – Restraint (longitudinal)
6.5.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container to withstand longitudinal external restraint under dynamic conditions of railway operations, which implies acceleration of 2 g.
13 6.5.2 Procedure
The container shall have a load uniformly distributed over the floor in such a way that the combined mass of the container and t…
A force of 2 Rg shall be applied horizontally to the container through the bottom apertures of the other bottom corner fittings, first towards and then away from the anchor points.
6.5.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.6 Test No. 5 – Strength of end walls
6.6.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container to withstand forces under the dynamic conditions referred to in 6.5.1.
6.6.2 Procedure
The container shall have each end tested when one end is blind and the other equipped with doors. In the case of symmetrical con…
6.6.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.7 Test No. 6 – Strength of side walls
6.7.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container to withstand the forces resulting from ship movement.
6.7.2 Procedure
The container shall have each side wall tested. In the case of symmetrical construction, one side only need be tested.
Each side wall of the container shall be subjected to an internal loading of 0,6 Pg. The internal loading shall be uniformly distributed, applied to each wall separately and arranged to allow free deflection of the side wall and its longitudinal members.
Open-top containers fitted with roof bows (types 50 to 53) shall be tested with the roof bows in position.
6.7.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.8 Test No. 7 – Strength of the roof (where provided)
6.8.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of the rigid roof of a container, where fitted, to withstand the loads imposed by persons working on it.
14 6.8.2 Procedure
A load of 300 kg shall be uniformly distributed over an area of 600 mm × 300 mm6) located at the weakest area of the rigid roof of the container.
6.8.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.9 Test No. 8 – Floor strength
6.9.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container floor to withstand the concentrated dynamic loading imposed during cargo operations involving powered industrial trucks or similar devices.
6.9.2 Procedure
The test shall be performed using a test vehicle equipped with tyres, with an axle load of %7 260 kg (i.e. 3 630 kg on each of t…
6.9.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.10 Test No. 9 – Rigidity (transverse)
6.10.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container, other than a 1D or a 1DX container, to withstand the transversal racking forces resulting from ship movement.
6.10.2 Procedure
The container in tare condition (T) shall be placed on four level supports, one under each corner fitting, and shall be restrain…
Forces of 150 kN6) shall be applied either separately or simultaneously to each of the top corner fittings on one side of the co…
In the case of a container with identical ends, only one end need be tested. Where an end is not essentially symmetrical about its own vertical centreline, both sides of that end shall be tested.
For allowable deflections under full test loading, see 5.4.
15 6.10.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.11 Test No. 10 – Rigidity (longitudinal)
6.11.1 General
This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a container, other than a 1D or a 1DX container, to withstand the longitudinal racking forces resulting from ship movement.
6.11.2 Procedure
The container in tare condition (T) shall be placed on four level supports, one under each corner fitting, and shall be restrain…
Forces of 75 kN shall be applied either separately or simultaneously to each of the top corner fittings on one end of the contai…
In the case of a container with identical sides, only one side need be tested. Where a side is not essentially symmetrical about its own vertical centreline, both ends of that side shall be tested.
For allowable deflections under full test loading, see 5.5.
6.11.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
6.12 Test No. 11 – Lifting from fork-lift pockets (where fitted)
6.12.1 General
This test shall be carried out on any 1CC, 1C, 1CX, 1D or 1DX container which is fitted with fork-lift pockets.
6.12.2 Procedure
6.12.2.1 1CC, 1C, 1CX, 1D or 1DX containers fitted with one set of fork-lift pockets
The container shall have a load uniformly distributed over the floor in such a way that the combined mass of container and test …
The container shall be supported for 5 min and then lowered to the ground.
6.12.2.2 1CC, 1C or 1CX containers fitted with two sets of fork-lift pockets
The test described in 6.12.2.1 shall be applied to the outer pockets.
A second test shall be applied to the (additional) inner pockets. The procedure for this second test shall be as required in 6.1…
6.12.3 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, the container shall show neither permanent deformation which will render it unsuitable for use nor …
#Text deleted$
16 6.13 Test No. 13 – Weatherproofness
6.13.1 Procedure
A stream of water shall be applied on all exterior joints and seams of the container from a nozzle of 12,5 mm inside diameter, a…
Procedures involving the use of several nozzles are acceptable provided that each joint or seam is subjected to a water loading no less than that which would be given by a single nozzle.
6.13.2 Requirements
Upon completion of the test, no water shall have leaked into the container.
17 Annex A (normative) Diagrammatic representation of capabilities appropriate to all types and sizes of general purpose containers, except where otherwise stated
24 Annex C (normative) Dimensions of fork-lift pockets
(where provided) (see 5.8.1)
1CC, 1C and 1CX
2 050
± 50
355
min.
115
min.
20
min.
81
± 2
14
min.
4 1/2
min.
0,8
min.
900
± 50
305
min.
102
min.
35 1/2
± 2
12
min.
4
min.
1D and 1DX
900
± 50
305
min.
102
min.
20
min.
35 1/2
± 2
12
min.
4
min.
0,8
min.
Figure C.1
25 #Text deleted$
Annex E (normative) Cargo securing systems
(where provided) (see 5.8.2)
E.1 General
E.1.1 A cargo securing system is designed to restrain the movement of cargo resulting from dynamic forces induced during transportation.
E.1.2 Cargo securing systems consist of:
– shoring, or
– cargo securing devices, or
– a combination of both.
E.1.3 This annex describes cargo securing devices only. They are permanent fixtures to which lashings (such as ropes, straps, chains, cables, etc.) may be attached.
Such devices are not intended for any other purpose, for example handling or securing containers.
They are either fixed, hinged or sliding eyes, rings or bars.
E.1.3.1 Anchor points are securing devices located in the base structure of the container.
E.1.3.2 Lashing points are securing devices located in any part of the container other than their base structure.
E.2 Design requirements
For general purpose containers, cargo securing devices are optional. However, when fitted, they shall comply with the requirements given in E.2.1 to E.2.6.
E.2.1 They shall not infringe on the prescribed minimum internal dimensions as specified in 4.3.
a) for anchor points:
– for 1AAA, 1AA, 1A and 1AX containers, N = 16
– for 1BBB, 1BB, 1B and 1BX containers, N = 12
– for 1CC, 1C and 1CX containers, N = 10
– for 1D and 1DX containers, N = 8
b) for lashing points, N is unspecified.
E.2.3 Neither anchor points, nor lashing points shall obstruct the door opening dimensions as specified in 5.7.
E.2.4 Cargo securing devices shall provide, on all sides, an unobstructed access for a minimum of 50 mm from any fixed surface to allow for
– passage of the lashing through the aperture of cargo securing devices, or
– attachment of restraint fixtures such as hooks, clips, shackles, bars, etc.
E.2.5 Each anchor point as specified in E.2.2 a) and E.2.3 shall be designed and installed to provide a minimum rated load of 1 000 kg applied in any direction.
E.2.6 Each lashing point as specified in E.2.2 b) shall be designed and installed to provide a minimum rated load of 500 kg applied in any direction.
F.3 Testing
E.3.1 #For proof testing of cargo-securing devices, a tensile force equal to 1,5 times the rated load shall be applied, using a hook or shackle having a maximum diameter of 20 mm, the base frame of the container being approximately horizontal.
For cargo-securing devices installed positioned at the floor plane along the length of the container, this test force shall be applied in a transverse plane and at an angle of 45° to the horizontal (see Figure E.1).
For cargo-securing devices positioned at the floor plane across the width of the container, this test force shall be applied in a longitudinal plane and at an angle of 45° to the horizontal (see Figure E.1).$
26 #For devices installed at the roof plane (or other extreme heights), the test angle shall be 45° downwards.$
The tensile force shall be continuously applied at the specified angle for 5 min.
E.3.2 When containers are fitted with cargo securing devices of different types, at least one device of each type shall be tested.
E.3.3 On completion of the test, neither the cargo securing devices, nor their attachments to the container structure, nor the c…
Figure E.1 – Cargo-securing devices – Examples of directions of application of test loadings
$
Annex F (informative) Bibliography
[1] ISO 8323:1985, Freight containers – Air/surface (intermodal) general purpose containers – Specification and tests.
27 Publication(s) referred to
See national foreword.

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BS 3951-2.1:1991+A5:2006
$142.49