BS 5534:2014+A2:2018
$215.11
Slating and tiling for pitched roofs and vertical cladding. Code of practice
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2018 | 176 |
This British Standard gives recommendations primarily intended for the design, performance and installation of new build pitched roofs, including vertical cladding, and for normal re-roofing work, including repairs, using slates, tiles, shingles and shakes and their associated components. This British Standard does not cover the structural design of the roof.
The recommendations contained in this British Standard might not be appropriate for the re-slating or re-tiling of some old roofs, particularly where traditional and/or reclaimed materials are used. Users intending to adopt any of these recommendations for old roofs, and especially for historically or architecturally important buildings, are advised to consult with the local planning authority or an appropriate conservation organization to check their suitability.
This British Standard is intended for use by designers, manufacturers and installers of roofing products.
NOTE 1 Recommendations for workmanship, repair and maintenance are given in BS 8000โ0 and BS 8000โ6.
NOTE 2 A Code of Practice for slating historic buildings is in preparation by Historic England 2.
Historic England โ /2 (last viewed 30 January 2018).
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 7 | Foreword |
| 9 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 12 | 3 Terms, definitions and symbols |
| 20 | 4 Materials, fittings and accessories 4.1 Clay tiles and fittings (single-lap and double-lap) 4.2 Concrete tiles and fittings (single-lap and double-lap) 4.3 Fibre-cement slates and fittings 4.4 Natural slates and fittings 4.5 Bitumen shingles 4.6 Proprietary products 4.7 Wooden shingles and shakes 4.8 Metal tiles |
| 21 | 4.9 Roofing underlay |
| 23 | 4.10 Board and sheet sarking Table 1 โ Material specifications for board and sheet sarking Table 2 โ Material specifications for insulated board sarking |
| 24 | 4.11 Timber battens and counterbattens |
| 25 | Table 3 โ Minimum timber batten sizes (roofing and vertical work) |
| 27 | 4.12 Mechanical fixings |
| 28 | Table 4 โ Dimensions of drive-in slate hooks |
| 29 | Figure 1 โ Drive-in slate hook dimensions |
| 30 | 4.13 Flashings and junctions 4.14 Mortar Table 5 โ Materials for flashings and junctions |
| 31 | Table 6 โ Recommended standard mortar mixes for slating and tiling (all proportions by volume) 4.15 Other fittings and accessories |
| 35 | 5 Design criteria 5.1 General 5.2 Structural stability |
| 37 | 5.3 Resistance to wind uplift |
| 41 | Table 7 โ Minimum spacing of nails and screws |
| 42 | 5.4 Rain and snow resistance |
| 43 | Figure 2 โ UK map of categories of exposure to driving rain |
| 44 | Figure 3 โ Laps for centre-nailed, head-fixed and shoulder-fixed double-lap slates |
| 45 | Figure 4 โ Lap and pitch of slates in double-lap slating |
| 46 | Figure 5 โ Lap and pitch of tiles in double-lap plain tiles |
| 47 | Figure 6 โ Lap and pitch of tiles in single-lap tiles |
| 50 | 5.5 Minimum pitch, head-laps and side-laps for roofs |
| 52 | Table 8 โ Values of c for head-lap calculations for double-lap fibre-cement and natural slates, nail-fixed or hook-fixed Table 9 โ Minimum head-laps and E1 factors for double-lap fibre-cement and natural slates, pegged, nailed or hook-fixed A), B), C), D), E) |
| 56 | 5.6 Minimum head-laps, side-laps and overlaps for walls (75ยฐ pitch and above) 5.7 Aesthetics |
| 57 | 5.8 Durability |
| 60 | 5.9 Hygrothermal factors |
| 61 | 5.10 Fire |
| 62 | 5.11 Sound |
| 63 | 5.12 Sustainability 6 Application and installation details 6.1 General 6.2 Underlays Table 10 โ Unsealedhead-laps for underlay |
| 66 | 6.3 Battens, counterbattens and sarking boards |
| 68 | 6.4 Double-lap clay and concrete plain tiles |
| 72 | 6.5 Single-lap clay and concrete interlocking tiles |
| 76 | 6.6 Fibre-cement slates |
| 80 | 6.7 Natural slates |
| 84 | 6.8 Bitumen shingles |
| 85 | 6.9 Metal tiles |
| 86 | 6.10 Wooden shingles and shakes 6.11 Other tiles and artificial slates (non-traditional) |
| 87 | 6.12 Vertical (75ยฐ or steeper) slating, tiling and shingling |
| 88 | 6.13 Roof drainage, flashings and weatherings |
| 89 | Figure 7 โ Valley gutter with unbedded and bedded tiles or slates Table 11 โ Minimum widths of valley gutter for different roof pitches and plan areas Table 12 โ Minimum width of lead to line valley gutters for different roof pitches and plan areas |
| 90 | 6.14 Workmanship, repairs and maintenance |
| 92 | Annex A (normative)โ Method of test and verification of suitability of roof underlays for wind uplift resistance |
| 93 | Figure A.1 โ Layout of test assembly |
| 94 | Figure A.2 โ Cross-section of test assembly (shown with uplift pressure applied) |
| 95 | Figure A.3 โ Locations of nails for nailing overlap to rafter |
| 98 | Figure A.4 โ Design wind pressures for geographical wind zones in the UK for underlays used for specific applications conforming to conditions in A.7 Figure A.5 โ Illustration of a zonal-classification label for an underlay |
| 99 | Annex B (normative)โ Design and installation of pitched roof systems where insulation is placed at rafter level |
| 102 | Figure B.1 โ Force diagram of vectored load down a roof slope |
| 103 | Figure B.2 โ Bending stress in a fixing through rigid insulation Figure B.3 โ Bending moment diagram of a fixing through rigid insulation |
| 104 | Figure B.4 โ Deflection diagram of a fixing through rigid insulation |
| 106 | Annex C (normative)โ Reinforced bitumen underlays Table C.1 โ Recommendations for mass per unit area of constituent materials |
| 107 | Annex D (normative)โ Permissible characteristics and defects for grading timber battens Text deleted |
| 108 | Figure D.1 โ Examples of knot configurations Figure D.2 โ Permissible wane |
| 109 | Figure D.3 โ Permissible depth of fissures Figure D.4 โ Permissible slope of grain Figure D.5 โ Permissible rate of growth |
| 111 | Figure D.6 โ Measurement of distortion Annex E (normative)โ Preservative treatment for timber battens |
| 112 | Annex F (normative)โ Determination of batten sizes by calculation |
| 113 | Table F.1 โ GS grade bending stresses and moduli for batten timber species |
| 114 | Annex G (informative)โ Examples of structural design calculations for tiling battens Figure G.1 โ Loads and bending moments on roof battens |
| 119 | Annex H (normative)โ Formulae and the calculation of wind loads on the underlay, sarking boards, slates, tiles, ridges, hips and valleys |
| 120 | Table H.1 โ Net uplift coefficient, cp,net, for single-lap tiles and double-lap slates Table H.2 โ Net uplift coefficient, cp,net, for plain tiles Table H.3 โ Summarized values of external pressure coefficient, cpe |
| 121 | Figure H.1 โ Key for cp,net data for duopitch and hipped roofs |
| 122 | Figure H.2 โ Key for cp,net data for monopitch roofs |
| 123 | Table H.4 โ Values of roof substrate shielding factor, S |
| 124 | Figure H.3 โ Wind uplift loading on single-lap tiles, including where the eaves overhang exceeds 60 mm |
| 125 | Figure H.4 โ Wind uplift loading on double-lap slates or tiles, including where the eaves overhang exceeds 60 mm |
| 126 | Figure H.5 โ Wind uplift loading on single-lap tiles where the verge overhang exceeds 60 mm |
| 127 | Figure H.6 โ Distances around obstructions |
| 129 | Figure H.7 โ Wind uplift loading on ridges and hips |
| 132 | Table H.5 โ Design ultimate withdrawal resistance against wind loading for nails A) Table H.6 โ Design ultimate withdrawal resistance against wind loading for screws A) |
| 133 | Table H.7 โ Values of Kn for tiles |
| 134 | Table H.8 โ Wind uplift resistance of twice nailed plain tiles |
| 135 | Annex I (normative)โ Method of test for tile clip strength and calculation of wind uplift resistance for clipped single-lap tiles |
| 136 | Example of an arrangement of the test apparatus for determination of clip strength for single-lap tiles |
| 137 | Example of a hinged batten for supporting a clipped test tile |
| 138 | Figure I.3 โ Tiles laid in straight bond |
| 139 | Figure I.4 โ Tiles laid in broken (half) bond |
| 141 | Table I.1 โ Values of kn for single-lap tile fasteners |
| 144 | System of forces in an array of clipped tiles under uplift load |
| 145 | Annex J (normative)โ Method of test and calculation for wind uplift resistance of drive-in hook fixings for double-lap slates |
| 146 | Figure J.1 โ Example of an arrangement of the test apparatus for determination of drive-in hook fixing strength for double-lap slates |
| 148 | Table J.1 โ Values of kn for drive-in slate hooks |
| 150 | Annex K (informative)โ Worked examples of wind uplift and fixing calculations |
| 151 | Figure K.1 โ Dimensions and forces acting on a single-lap tile |
| 155 | Figure K.2 โ Dimensions and forces acting on a plain tile |
| 156 | Table K.1 โ Wind uplift resistance of twice nailed plain tiles fixed in various patterns assuming aluminium nails meeting the recommendations of |
| 157 | Table K.2 โ Wind uplift resistance of twice nailed plain tiles fixed in various patterns assuming stainless steel nails meeting the recommendations of |
| 162 | Figure K.3 โ Dimensions and forces on centre-nailed double-lap slating with an example of drive-in slate hook arrangement |
| 165 | Annex L (normative)โ Method of test for air permeability of unsealed small element roofing assemblies |
| 166 | Figure L.1 โ Arrangement of apparatus |
| 167 | Table L.1 โ Arrangement of unsealed elements Figure L.2 โ Plenum chamber arrangement for air permeability test |
| 170 | Bibliography |
