BS 6164:2019
$215.11
Health and safety in tunnelling in the construction industry. Code of practice
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2019 | 216 |
This British Standard makes recommendations for and gives guidance on health and safety practices in shaft sinking and tunnel construction.
The standard includes health and safety recommendations that are also relevant to cut‑and‑cover tunnelling, immersed tube tunnels and other forms of underground construction as well as to the construction aspects of maintenance, renovation and repair of shafts and tunnels.
The recommendations in this British Standard are not intended to apply to the construction of shafts or tunnels for the purpose of mineral extraction.
NOTE 1 The design, manufacture and use of plant and machinery are referred to only where safety considerations are affected. Various European Standards relating to the design of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and machinery for use underground are currently under development or revision.
NOTE 2 Current legislation relating to occupational health and safety can be found at /2.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 9 | Foreword |
| 11 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 16 | 3 Terms and definitions 4 The control of risk 4.1 From hazard identification to safe systems of work |
| 17 | 4.2 Planning for contingencies and emergencies (see Clause 14) |
| 18 | 4.3 Types of accidents 4.4 Occupational health and welfare |
| 20 | Table 1 — Accidents – Indicative examples of cause and prevention (not in order of priority) |
| 23 | Table 2 — Principal occupational health hazards |
| 27 | 5 Investigation and information gathering 5.1 General 5.2 Preliminary studies |
| 29 | 5.3 Project‑specific studies |
| 33 | 5.4 Ground investigation during construction |
| 34 | 6 Detailed planning for health and safety 6.1 Integral nature of design and construction 6.2 Pre‑construction stage organization 6.3 Construction stage |
| 35 | 6.4 Safety of permanent and temporary works |
| 40 | 6.5 Recruitment of project personnel 6.6 Competence |
| 42 | 6.7 Personal protective equipment |
| 43 | 6.8 First aid provision and procedures |
| 45 | 7 Excavation and control of ground movement 7.1 Management of risk in the tunnel construction process 7.2 Basic principles |
| 46 | 7.3 Ground movement control |
| 47 | 7.4 Ground characteristics |
| 50 | 7.5 Tunnel excavation 7.6 Tunnelling machines |
| 53 | 7.7 Control of ground movement when tunnelling in soft ground without a segmental lining |
| 55 | 7.8 Tunnelling in rock |
| 57 | 7.9 Hand excavation, headings and small tunnels |
| 59 | 7.10 Pipe and box jacking |
| 60 | 7.11 Soil conditioners Table 3 — Soil conditioners |
| 61 | 8 Permanent support 8.1 General 8.2 In‑situ linings |
| 62 | 8.3 Prefabricated linings |
| 64 | 8.4 Construction of openings |
| 65 | 8.5 Monitoring of loads and deformation |
| 66 | 9 Management of groundwater 9.1 Control of groundwater |
| 69 | 9.2 Geotechnical processes for water management and ground improvement |
| 71 | 9.3 Compressed air 9.4 Drilling through the tunnel lining for dewatering, ground treatment or freezing 9.5 Risk from groundwater on entry to cutterhead |
| 72 | 9.6 Handling of groundwater |
| 73 | 10 Inundation 10.1 General 10.2 Reliance on geological information 10.3 Other potential sources of flooding |
| 74 | 10.4 Precautions for probe drilling 10.5 Inundation during shaft and portal construction 10.6 Inundation of a tunnel constructed with open faces (including backshunts and foreshunts) |
| 75 | 10.7 Inundation during Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) launch 10.8 Inundation via the TBM during operation 10.9 Inundation during face inspections of closed face TBMs 10.10 Dealing with inundation 11 Compressed‑air working |
| 76 | 11.1 Physical effects of compressed air |
| 78 | 11.2 Structural considerations |
| 80 | 11.3 Shaft construction under compressed air (see also Clause 20) |
| 81 | 11.4 TBMs and compressed air |
| 82 | 11.5 Air supply |
| 83 | 11.6 Bulkheads, airlocks and associated compressed‑air equipment |
| 84 | 11.7 Fires and rescue in compressed air |
| 87 | 11.8 Inundation 11.9 High pressure compressed air 12 Explosive atmospheres 12.1 General |
| 88 | 12.2 Occurrence |
| 89 | 12.3 Explosion characteristics 12.4 Detection and monitoring |
| 91 | 12.5 Action levels 12.6 Re-entry procedures Table 4 — Action level summary table 12.7 Sources of ignition |
| 92 | 12.8 Explosion protection (see also 12.5) |
| 93 | 12.9 Work in potentially explosive atmospheres 12.10 Other explosive gases 12.11 Methane occurrence on TBMs 12.12 Methane occurrence in slurry plant |
| 94 | 12.13 Flammable dust 13 Fire and smoke 13.1 Sources of fuel and ignition |
| 95 | Table 5 — Provision of fire extinguishing equipment |
| 96 | Table 6 — Portable fire extinguishing equipment |
| 98 | 13.2 Welding and cutting (burning) |
| 100 | 13.3 Fire precautions |
| 101 | 13.4 Fires involving electrical equipment 13.5 Water spray curtain 14 Response to emergencies 14.1 Escape routes 14.2 Emergency services and operational capacity |
| 102 | 14.3 Emergency control facilities |
| 103 | 14.4 Raising the alarm |
| 104 | 14.5 Alarm procedures |
| 105 | 14.6 Site training 14.7 Access 14.8 Lighting 14.9 Smoke control 14.10 Rescue facilities |
| 106 | 14.11 Self‑rescuers 14.12 Accounting for personnel |
| 107 | 14.13 Refuge chamber 14.14 Escape and rescue in small tunnels 14.15 Response to inundation risk |
| 108 | 14.16 Recovery of the situation following inundation 15 Ventilation 15.1 General |
| 110 | 15.2 Guidelines for fresh air supply quantities |
| 111 | 15.3 Quality of air 15.4 Atmospheric monitoring |
| 112 | Table 7 — Alarm settings and responses |
| 113 | 15.5 Unoccupied tunnels and stagnant areas 15.6 Hazardous gases |
| 116 | Table 8 — Summary of most commonly encountered atmospheric contaminants |
| 121 | 15.7 Ventilation systems and plant |
| 124 | 15.8 Ventilation in drill and blast tunnelling |
| 125 | 15.9 Cooling through ventilation 15.10 Ventilation of shafts 16 Dust, particulates and other contaminants 16.1 Importance of dust control 16.2 Effects of dust |
| 127 | 16.3 Exposure limits for dust |
| 128 | 16.4 Sampling 16.5 Control and removal of dust |
| 129 | 16.6 Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) 16.7 Asbestos 16.8 Diesel particulate matter (DPM) |
| 130 | 16.9 Fumes from cutting and welding 16.10 Spray-applied membranes 16.11 Other ground contaminants |
| 132 | 16.12 Heat strain 17 Quality of illumination 17.1 General 17.2 Level of lighting |
| 133 | Table 9 — Mean lighting levels 17.3 Type of lighting |
| 134 | 17.4 Siting of luminaires 17.5 Emergency lighting |
| 135 | 17.6 Fire hardening of wiring 17.7 Hand lamps and cap lamps 17.8 High visibility clothing 18 Operating communications 18.1 General |
| 136 | 18.2 Communication systems |
| 137 | 18.3 Signals |
| 138 | 18.4 Closed‑circuit television (CCTV) 18.5 Emergency response |
| 139 | 19 Noise and vibration 19.1 General 19.2 Noise emission and exposure |
| 141 | 19.3 Vibration |
| 142 | 20 Shafts, pits and piles 20.1 General |
| 143 | 20.2 Design 20.3 Locating shafts 20.4 Safety considerations relating to shaft construction |
| 145 | 20.5 Shaft construction techniques and operation |
| 148 | 20.6 Lifting in shafts |
| 149 | 20.7 Protective structures in shafts 20.8 Pit bottom safety 20.9 Plant safety |
| 150 | 20.10 Services in shafts 20.11 Inclined shafts and escalator shafts 20.12 Transport systems for inclined shafts |
| 151 | 20.13 Disused shafts |
| 152 | 20.14 Tunnel eye 20.15 Removal of temporary rings and panels of d-walls 20.16 Shaft top layout |
| 153 | 20.17 Personnel access |
| 154 | 20.18 Communication 21 Lifting equipment and operations 21.1 Lift plan 21.2 Cranes |
| 156 | 21.3 Winches 21.4 Materials hoists 21.5 Communication |
| 157 | 21.6 Lifting of persons |
| 158 | 21.7 Arch and mesh installation |
| 159 | 21.8 Lifting with excavators 21.9 Visual and/or audible alarms 22 Access 22.1 Walkways |
| 160 | 22.2 Stair and ladder towers 22.3 Access for maintenance |
| 161 | 22.4 Gradients 22.5 Temporary tunnels 22.6 Working at height in tunnels and shaft 23 Materials handling systems 23.1 Rail haulage |
| 164 | 23.2 Operational considerations |
| 172 | 23.3 Conveyors |
| 174 | 23.4 Slurry transport systems |
| 177 | 23.5 Personal protective equipment |
| 178 | 23.6 Other haulage methods 23.7 Adits and inclines 23.8 Storage and disposal of excavated material |
| 179 | 24 Tunnel plant 24.1 General |
| 181 | 24.2 Separation of vehicles and pedestrians 24.3 Rubber-tyred free-steered vehicles |
| 182 | 24.4 Crawler tracked plant 24.5 Pneumatically-powered plant and equipment 24.6 Hydraulically operated plant or equipment |
| 183 | 24.7 Electrically-powered plant and equipment 24.8 Internal combustion engines 24.9 Battery power |
| 184 | 24.10 Concreting plant |
| 186 | 24.11 Water drainage pumps 24.12 Drilling and piling rigs |
| 187 | 24.13 Grouting equipment |
| 188 | 24.14 Earthmoving plant 24.15 MEWPs 25 Electrical 25.1 Company and site management hierarchy |
| 189 | 25.2 Planning, management and control of the electrical system 25.3 The management system 25.4 Training and competence |
| 190 | 25.5 Safe system of work 25.6 Mains supply connection |
| 191 | 25.7 Site installations |
| 195 | Table 10 — Earth leakage protection |
| 197 | 25.8 Cables |
| 200 | 25.9 Joints and terminations |
| 201 | 25.10 Transformers and switchgear in tunnels |
| 203 | 25.11 Electrical plugs and sockets 25.12 Lighting installations |
| 204 | 25.13 Electric motors |
| 205 | 25.14 Laser products |
| 207 | 25.15 Generators 26 Maintenance, renovation and repair 26.1 General 26.2 Asset management |
| 208 | 26.3 Preparation for renovation or repair |
| 210 | 26.4 On‑site procedures for renovation and repair 26.5 Work in shafts |
| 211 | 26.6 Temporary works 26.7 Record of work |
| 212 | Bibliography |
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