BS 8081:2015+A2:2018:2019 Edition
$245.25
Code of practice for grouted anchors
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2019 | 124 |
This British Standard, as a code of practice, gives recommendations for the design, construction, stressing, testing, monitoring and maintenance of grouted anchors as defined in BS EN 1997‑1:2004+A1:2013, BS EN 1537:2013 and BS EN ISO 22477‑5.
1.2
Further general recommendations for corrosion hazards and protective measures, construction techniques and quality controls, stressing procedures, and the testing of grouted anchor components and complete installations are provided. Information supporting the practical implementation of these recommendations are provided in annexes to this code of practice.
1.3
Annex A provides examples of records that are developed during the execution and testing of grouted anchors.
1.4
Annex B provides information on the design of a fixed anchor length with respect to the bond or shear resistance at:
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the ground/grout interface;
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the grout/encapsulation interface;
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the grout/tendon interface.
Annex C provides information on the pre-grouting and post-grouting of ground, where necessary.
Annex D provides information on the use of appropriate Young’s modulus for the steel used in the design of the anchor tendon.
Annex E provides information on the types of corrosion that affect the steel elements of an anchor and the influence on the corrosion of the tendon of the ground and groundwater in which the anchor is installed.
Annex F provides information on the types of corrosion protection available for use in the fabrication and installation of the anchor.
Annex G (not used)
Annex H provides information on monitoring anchors in the long term, including appropriate acceptance criteria and remedial measures that can be applied in the event of non-compliance with the acceptance criteria.
Annex I draws attention to the statutory regulations affecting the safety, welfare and health of persons in the execution of anchor construction.
This code of practice is for the use of clients who commission the use of grouted anchors, ground engineering contractors, and geotechnical and structural designers.
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PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 5 | Foreword |
| 7 | 1 Scope |
| 8 | 2 Normative references |
| 9 | 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations |
| 15 | Figure 1 — Grouted anchors |
| 19 | 4 General rules |
| 20 | Table 1 — Recommended design and construction duties |
| 25 | 5 Limit states |
| 26 | 6 Design situations 7 Design considerations |
| 28 | Figure 2 — Grouted anchors |
| 30 | Figure 3 — Flow chart for the development of strategy for the monitoring and maintenance of grouted anchors 8 Ultimate limit state design 9 Serviceability limit state design 10 Structural design |
| 31 | 11 Anchor design |
| 33 | Table 2 — Minimum resistance factors recommended for the calculation of the size of individual fixed anchor lengths prior to testing |
| 36 | 12 Materials |
| 39 | Figure 4 — Typical encapsulation centralizers |
| 40 | Figure 5 — Typical bar centralizer |
| 41 | Figure 6 — Typical crosssection of centralizer/spacer unit for multi‑strand tendon in temporary unprotected systems |
| 42 | 13 Durability |
| 46 | Figure 7 — Typical coupler details in tendon free length of bar tendon |
| 48 | Figure 8 — Typical double corrosion protection of tendon bond length of strand tendon using a single corrugated sheath and polyester resin |
| 49 | Figure 9 — Typical double corrosion protection of tendon bond length of strand tendon using a double corrugated sheath and cement grout |
| 50 | Figure 10 — Tendon bond length protection for a ribbed bar tendon |
| 51 | Figure 11 — Typical double corrosion protection of tendon bond length of smooth or ribbed bar tendon using a double corrugated duct |
| 52 | Figure 12 — Typical double corrosion protection of restressable anchor head incorporating a strand tendon |
| 54 | 14 Execution |
| 64 | 15 Considerations related to testing 16 Maintenance |
| 66 | 17 Reporting |
| 68 | Annex A (informative) Indicative record sheets |
| 69 | Table A.1 — Typical drilling, grouting and tendon installation record sheet |
| 71 | Table A.2 — Typical stressing record sheet |
| 73 | Table A.3 — Typical stressing results and analysis record sheet |
| 74 | Annex B (informative) Determination of the size of grouted anchors |
| 75 | Figure B.1 — Main types of cement injection grouted anchors |
| 76 | Figure B.2 — Detail of tube à manchette for pressure grouting control |
| 78 | Table B.1 — Rock/grout bond values that have been employed in practice |
| 81 | Table B.2 — Rock/grout bond values that have been recommended for design |
| 83 | Table B.3 — Rock/grout bond values from rock anchor tests |
| 84 | Figure B.3 — Relationship between resistance efficiency factor and fixed anchor length |
| 85 | Table B.4 — Approximate relationship between bearing capacity factor Nq and slenderness ratio |
| 86 | Figure B.4 — Relationship between bearing capacity factor Nq and angle of shearing resistance in terms of effective stress |
| 88 | Figure B.5 — Ultimate load‑holding capacity of anchors in sandy gravels and gravelly sands, showing influence of soil type, density and fixed anchor length for Type C anchors |
| 90 | Figure B.6 — Relationship between ultimate load-holding capacity, fixed anchor length and dynamic penetration for two types of coarse soil |
| 92 | Figure B.7 — Skin friction in fine soils for various fixed anchor lengths, with and without post-grouting |
| 93 | Figure B.8 — Influence of post-grouting pressure on skin friction in a fine soil |
| 98 | Table B.5 — Fixed anchor lengths for cement‑grouted rock anchors that have been employed or recommended in practice |
| 100 | Figure B.9 — Load transfer mechanisms for typical encapsulation systems |
| 102 | Annex C (informative) Pre-grouting and post-grouting |
| 104 | Annex D (informative) Tendon Young’s Modulus values |
| 105 | Annex E (informative) Corrosion |
| 108 | Table E.1 — Soil corrosiveness related to values of soil resistivity and redox potential |
| 109 | Annex F (informative) Corrosion protection |
| 110 | Table F.1 — Proposed classes of protection for ground anchors |
| 112 | Annex G (not used) Annex H (informative) General considerations on monitoring and testing |
| 115 | Table H.1 — Relationship between the acceptance criteria for load-time and displacement-time behaviour |
| 116 | Annex I (informative) Health and safety |
| 117 | Bibliography |
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BS 8081:2015+A2:2018
Code of practice for grouted anchors Published By Publication Date Number of Pages BSI 2018…
