BS EN 12681-1:2017:2018 Edition
$198.66
Founding. Radiographic testing – Film techniques
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2018 | 52 |
This European Standard gives specific procedures for industrial X-ray and gamma radiography for discontinuity detection purposes, using NDT (Non-destructive testing) film techniques. This part of EN 12681 specifies the requirements for film radiographic testing of castings. Films after exposure and processing become radiographs with different area of optical density. Radiographs are viewed and evaluated using industrial radiographic illuminators. This part of EN 12681 specifies the recommended procedure for the choice of operating conditions and radiographic practice. These procedures are applicable to castings produced by any casting process, especially for steel, cast iron, aluminium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium, zinc and any alloys of them. NOTE This European Standard considers EN ISO 5579. This part of this European Standard does not apply to: – radiographic testing of castings for aerospace applications (see prEN 2002-21); – radiographic testing of welded joints (see EN ISO 17636-1); – radiography with digital detectors (see EN 12681-2); – radioscopic testing (see EN 13068, all parts).
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 2 | undefined |
| 8 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 9 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 10 | 4 Symbols and abbreviations |
| 11 | 5 Classification of radiographic techniques 6 General preparations and requirements 6.1 General preparations 6.1.1 Protection against ionizing radiation 6.1.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture 6.2 Agreements |
| 12 | 6.3 Personnel qualification 7 Test arrangements 7.1 General 7.2 Single wall radiography of plane areas 7.3 Single wall radiography of curved areas 7.4 Double wall radiography of plane and curved areas |
| 13 | 7.5 Choice of test arrangements for complex geometries 7.6 Acceptable test area dimensions |
| 18 | 8 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source 8.1 X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV |
| 19 | 8.2 Other radiation sources |
| 20 | 9 Film systems and metal screens |
| 22 | 10 Reduction of scattered radiation 10.1 Metal filters and collimators 10.2 Interception of backscattered radiation 11 Source-to-object distance |
| 25 | 12 Optical density D of radiograph 13 Film processing and viewing 13.1 Processing 13.2 Film viewing conditions 14 Techniques for increasing the covered thickness range 14.1 General |
| 26 | 14.2 Multiple film technique |
| 27 | 14.3 Contrast decreasing by higher radiation energy 14.4 Contrast decreasing by beam hardening |
| 28 | 14.5 Contrast decreasing by thickness equalization 15 Requirements on radiographs 15.1 Identification of radiograph, test area, film position plan 15.2 Marking of the test areas 15.3 Overlap of films 16 Verification of image quality |
| 29 | 17 Influence of crystalline structure 18 Acceptance criteria 18.1 General 18.2 Severity levels 18.3 Wall section zones |
| 30 | 19 Test report |
| 32 | Annex A (normative)Minimum image quality values |
| 35 | Annex B (normative)Severity levels for steel castings |
| 38 | Annex C (normative)Severity levels for cast iron castings |
| 41 | Annex D (normative)Severity levels for aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy castings |
| 45 | Annex E (normative)Severity levels for copper alloy castings |
| 47 | Annex F (normative)Severity levels for titanium and titanium alloy castings |
| 49 | Annex G (informative)Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition |
