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BS EN 13445-4:2021

BS EN 13445-4:2021

$215.11

Unfired pressure vessels – Fabrication

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 78
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This document specifies requirements for the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels and their parts, made of steels, including their connections to non-pressure parts. It specifies requirements for material traceability, manufacturing tolerances, welding requirements, requirements for permanent joints other than welding, production tests, forming requirements, heat treatment, repairs and finishing operations.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
12 3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements for manufacturing and subcontracting
4.1 Manufacturing
13 4.2 Subcontracting
5 Materials
5.1 General
5.2 Material traceability
5.2.1 General
14 5.2.2 Identification system
5.2.3 Visibility
5.2.4 Review of material certification and material identification
15 5.2.5 Transfer of markings
6 Manufacturing tolerances
6.1 Surface geometry of welds
6.2 Middle line alignment
17 6.3 Surface alignment
6.3.1 Surface misalignment between parts
6.3.2 Joining of parts of different thickness
6.4 Tolerances for vessels subjected to internal pressure
6.4.1 External diameter
6.4.2 Out of roundness
18 6.4.3 Deviation from the longitudinal axis
6.4.4 Irregularities in profile
20 6.4.5 Local thinning
21 6.4.6 Dished ends
24 6.5 Tolerances for vessels subjected to external pressure
6.6 Structural tolerances
7 Weld details
7.1 General
7.2 Vessels or parts made of more than one course
7.3 Lapped joints, joggle joints, permanent backing strips
8 Welding
8.1 General
25 8.2 Welding procedure specification (WPS)
8.3 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR)
26 8.4 Qualification of welders and welding operators
27 8.5 Filler metals and auxiliary materials
8.6 Joint preparation
28 8.7 Execution of welded joints
8.8 Attachments, supports and stiffeners
8.9 Preheat
29 8.10 Permanent joints other than welding
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Mechanical roller expansion
8.10.3 Brazing
9 Manufacture and testing of welds — Production test
9.1 General
30 9.2 Reference criteria
34 9.3 Extent of testing
36 9.4 Performance of tests and acceptance criteria
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Transverse tensile test
9.4.3 Longitudinal weld tensile test
9.4.4 Impact test
9.4.5 Bend test
37 9.4.6 Macro examination
9.4.7 Micro examination
9.4.8 Hardness test
9.4.9 Retests
38 9.4.10 Test report
10 Forming of pressure parts
10.1 General
10.2 Ratio of deformation
10.2.1 Dished circular products
39 10.2.2 Cylinders and cones made by rolling
40 10.2.3 Other product types
41 10.2.4 Tube bends
10.2.5 Forming of Segments
42 10.3 Forming procedures
10.3.1 Cold forming
43 10.3.2 Hot forming
10.3.2.1 General
10.3.2.2 Normalised steels with specified impact values at temperatures above and including –20 (C
44 10.3.2.3 Normalised steels with specified impact values at temperatures below – 20 (C
10.3.2.4 Quenched and tempered steels
10.3.2.5 Austenitic and austenitic-ferritic steels
45 10.3.2.6 Clad steels
10.4 Heat treatment after forming
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming
47 10.4.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming
10.4.4 Heat treatment of clad steels after cold forming
10.4.5 Heat treatment after hot forming
48 10.4.6 Heat treatment of clad steels after hot forming
10.5 Sampling of formed test coupons
10.5.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment
10.5.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment
49 10.6 Tests
10.6.1 Base material
10.6.2 Butt welds
50 10.6.3 Acceptance criteria for formed test coupons
10.6.4 Retests of formed coupons
51 10.7 Visual inspection and control of dimension
10.8 Marking
10.9 Documentation
11 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)
11.1 General
52 11.2 Heat treatment conditions
55 11.3 Method of PWHT
56 11.4 PWHT procedure
57 11.5 Mechanical properties after heat treatment
59 11.6 Dissimilar ferritic joints
60 11.7 Special materials
11.8 Heat Treatment for reasons other than welding
12 Repairs
12.1 Repairs of surface defects in the parent metal
61 12.2 Repair of weld defects
13 Finishing operations
63 Annex A (informative)Structural tolerances
67 Annex B (informative)Example of a sub-contractors form
68 Annex C (normative)Specification and approval of expansion procedures and operators
C.1 General
C.1.1 Introduction
C.1.2 Responsibility
C.1.3 Specification of expansion procedures
69 C.1.4 Technical content of expansion procedure specification (EPS)
70 C.1.5 Expansion procedure qualification test (EPQT)
C.2 Examination and testing
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Visual examination
C.2.3 Dimensional verification
71 C.2.4 Testing
C.3 Range of approval
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Manufacturer
C.3.3 Material
72 C.3.4 Tube dimensions
C.3.5 Expansion factor
C.3.6 Joint design
C.3.7 Tool
C.3.8 PWHT
73 C.4 Expansion Procedure Approval Record (EPAR)
C.5 Expansion operator approval
C.5.1 General
C.5.2 Validity range of expansion operator qualification
C.5.3 Qualification tests
C.5.3.1 General
C.5.3.2 Test piece
C.5.3.3 Assessment of the test piece
74 C.5.4 Examination and testing
C.5.5 Period of validity
C.5.5.1 Initial approval
C.5.5.2 Prolongation
C.5.6 Certification
75 Annex Y (informative)History of EN 13445-4
Y.1 Differences between EN 13445-4:2014 and EN 13445-4:2021
76 Annex ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered

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BS EN 13445-4:2021
$215.11